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Social Capital in urban development
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When thinking about the average American city a portrait of buildings of all shapes and sizes comes to mind. There are shops, houses, restaurants, businesses, parks, schools, and all of the other various amenities that come together to make a city desirable and convenient. This layout that city dwellers most specifically the ones that live in New York City have come to love is greatly indebted to a woman named Jane Jacobs. This woman of short stature was able to fight off wealthy men who wielded great influence in New York with the stroke of her pen, and a sign in her hand. Without Jane Jacobs New York City would be a vastly different landscape made up of ten lane highways, and vast tracts of empty space if men like Robert Moses and Ebenezer Howard had their way. …show more content…
Jacobs is most commonly known for introducing ideological theories that have played a major role in urban development and planning to this day. These ideologies are mixed primary use development, eyes on the street protection, and social capital, which she talks about extensively in her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities. These ideologies were not only radically different for their time, but now they have almost become a kind of canon for the modern urban
Harriet Jacobs and Fanny Fern both display different kinds of writing styles that shed light on women who could stand up on their own. The stories of those two women vastly contrast each other, however, the women display hardships and overcome their difficulties in a similar manner. Jacobs who goes by a different persona-- a woman’s name Linda, who is a young slave. Fern did a similar thing to Jacobs by going by a different persona, a young woman named Ruth Hall. What the two women display with their books released to the public is to give another look at what women go through. The readers of the book would explore the hardship of what the two women have experienced, thus bringing more awareness and light to women’s rights and the anti-slavery
Another noteworthy urban sociologist that’s invested significant research and time into gentrification is Saskia Sassen, among other topical analysis including globalization. “Gentrification was initially understood as the rehabilitation of decaying and low-income housing by middle-class outsiders in central cities. In the late 1970s a broader conceptualization of the process began to emerge, and by the early 1980s new scholarship had developed a far broader meaning of gentrification, linking it with processes of spatial, economic and social restructuring.” (Sassen 1991: 255). This account is an extract from an influential book that extended beyond the field of gentrification and summarizes its basis proficiently. In more recent and localized media, the release the documentary-film ‘In Jackson Heights’ portrayed the devastation that gentrification is causing as it plagues through Jackson Heights, Queens. One of the local businessmen interviewed is shop owner Don Tobon, stating "We live in a
Colson Whitehead explores this grand and complex city in his collection of essays The Colossus of New York. Whitehead writes about essential elements to New York life. His essays depict the city limits and everyday moments such as the morning and the subway, where “it is hard to escape the suspicion that your train just left... and if you had acted differently everything would be better” (“Subway” 49). Other essays are about more once in a while moments such as going to Central Park or the Port Authority. These divisions are subjective to each person. Some people come to New York and “after the long ride and the tiny brutalities... they enter the Port Authority,” but for others the Port Authority is a stop in their daily commute (“The Port Authority” 22).Nonetheless, each moment is a part of everyone’s life at some point. Many people live these moments together, experiencing similar situations. We have all been in the middle of that “where ...
There has been a tremendous change in East Harlem between class warfare and gentrification. East Harlem is one more economic factor to the city’s wealth per capita since the attack of September 11, 2000. It is Manhattan’s last remaining development and it is on the agenda of the tax revenue of our government. East Harlem has become a profit driven capitalism. Gentrification enforces capitalism, it does not separate people, it does not go against race, poor and the working class, it wages war on the poor and the working-class.
1. What do we learn about Jacobs’s intended audience from her “Preface by the Author” and L. Maria Child’s “Introduction by the Editor”?
The three quotations demonstrate how slavery has been understood differently by different people and it those who view it through the lens of white supremacy that produces the experiences like those of Mary Prince and Harriet Jacobs. Although narratives like Mary Prince’s were written as propaganda to reveal the brutal torture and inhuman conditions slaves experience under their cruel masters, slave owners like Harriet Jacob’s mother’s mistress and Mrs. Williams, Mary Prince’s owner as a child, demonstrate that some slaves were treated as mere labour workers in the household. In the first text, Jacobs is reminiscing her life under her mother’s mistress’s ownership. She recalls that upon her mother’s death, her mother’s mistress promised that
The main content of this film was to explain to us how New York city is always changing. First, we saw how from the 1880’s immigrants started coming to New York from Europe due to the industrial revolution that was happening there. When they got to New York they described the good feeling they got when they first saw the Statue of Liberty, it was a feeling of freedom. They described New York as “A City of Heaven.” Many and many of them were coming to New York to get that freedom that they did not have in their countries. Immigrants basically changed New York and New York changed them too. In the film we saw that because of the growing population, they were obligated to start constructing up. With the help of new technologies like the elevator and steel, out came the skyscraper. Everything that happened during this time made what is New York today. New York changed with the immigrant labor, for example, they were the one who constructed skyscraper, which are one of the things that makes New York unique today. Almost all of those immigrants were farmers, and they changed with New York, an example, is when those farmers came to work with steel which was something new to them. Immigrants worked hard, they did whatever was necessary to survive. Also, they wanted their kids to keep their culture, which made New York a multicultural city.
Gentrification In Houston, New York, Chicago, and other major urban cities of the United States, gentrification is becoming a major talking point. Though, gentrification is becoming something big, not that many people who speak about it are clearly aware of the subject, they just know it is going on. In this paper, I will briefly describe gentrification, and will mainly use Immanuel Kant’s theory to analyze why gentrification is wrong, whilst also comparing it to the utilitarian approach to gentrification. Gentrification is a complicated term that gets defined in many ways by people that do not understand it; the term usually ends up being romanticized instead. It often gets defined by various people as the renovation of lower income neighborhoods to make them safer or “cleaner”.
When Willy and Linda purchased their home in Brooklyn, it seemed far removed from the city. Willy was young and strong and he believed he had a future full of success. He and his sons cut the tree limbs that threatened his home and put up a hammock that he would enjoy with his children. The green fields filled his home with wonderful aromas. Over the years, while Willy was struggling to pay for his home, the city grew and eventually surrounded the house.
Harriet Jacobs was born a slave in Edenton, N.C. She had a very carefree childhood. Harriet didn't realize she was a slave until she was 6 years old. Harriet's father’s name was Daniel he was a carpenter. Her grandmother, Molly Horniblow, earned good money selling her famous pastries to the women of Edenton. After both her mother and father died in Harriets young youth. So she started living with her grandmother and her brother John. She learned to read, write, and sew under her mistress, which led her to believe that she would be freed. Before she could get freed her owner died. In her will her owner left her to a 3 year old niece. Harriet's young owner was the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Norcom, who had also bought John Harriets younger brother.
Surpassing childhood both Jacobs and Douglass hit the chapter in their lives living and working under care of masters and mistresses. What is a master you may ask.? According to Merriam-Webster a master is a male teacher, one having an authority over another, and one that conquers or masters. A mistress is a woman who has power, authority, or ownership according to Merriam-Webster. Both definition seems to be identical the only difference between both is that one role is played by a male and the other by a female.
Jacobs views diversity as the number of ways in which limited areas of space are allocated, as opposed to having an inherent racial or cultural connotation. Jacobs emphasizes that various types of business and residences are the elements of prospering city neighborhoods. Jacobs begins to explore three main myths. These myths are arguments often cited by city planners against diversity. To begin, the first myth that Jacobs attempts to discredit is that diversity is unattractive. She repudiates this assertion by saying that the opposite is in fact true, in which homogeneity is unappealing. I believe that it is quite detrimental when city planners attempt to create a contrived atmosphere of diversity in order to conceal the existing homogeneity. This is accomplished by artificially building different shapes and styles of buildings to give outsiders the impression of diversity. Jacobs underscores the flaws of contrived diversity in the following excerpt:
When creating a literary work, authors often write what they know. It isn’t uncommon for an author to weave their own experiences, ideals, and opinions into their writing. Especially for a work of fiction, it is much easier for an author to create a believable and likeable story when they can extract details from the life they have already lived. Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontë, is no exception. The original novel, Jane Eyre: An Autobiography, published under Brontë’s pen name, Currer Bell, was titled as such because Brontë modeled Eyre after herself so much. In fact, in a conversation with her sisters, Brontë said she would show them “a heroine as plain and small as” herself (“Introduction”). It is for
Finally, this paper will explore the “end product” that exists today through the works of the various authors outlined in this course and explain how Los Angeles has survived many decades of evolution, breaking new grounds and serving as the catalyst for an urban metropolis.
2. Calthorpe, Peter. The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press (1993).