The Industrial Revolutions on 18th and 19th Century Europe

1480 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: The industrial revolution economic impact

The Industrial Revolutions, spurred by technological innovation and the discoveries of new materials, created new industries. One of the first to be mechanized is the textile industry. From James Hargreaves’ creation of the spinning jenny, workers, mainly women, were able to mass produce goods from home. Thus, the cottage industry was born. However, with the development of Richard Arkwright’s water frame, John Kay’s flying shuttle, and Edmund Cartwright’s power loom, factories soon replaced the domestic system and the women who lost their jobs now moved to the factories. Nevertheless, the factories were very successful due to high demand and cheap cotton sources in the Americas and in India. Ironically, American cotton was the product of slavery, which the British had banned in 1838.
Iron, similar to cotton, became especially important as it helped support other industries. Iron was used in steamships, railways, and other machinery used in factories. Materials and people could travel farther and faster than ever before. Before railroads, Europeans heavily depended on local time—train schedules helped establish a national conformity for time. In the nineteenth century, steel succeeded iron. Though Great Britain dominated the market for iron during the first Revolution, Germany managed to surpass British steel production during the second. In addition to steel, chemistry made its way to the manufacturing business. Germany produced 1.7 million tons of sulfuric acid by the start of World War I and 90% of the dyes used in textiles (Wyatt 52-53, 133).
While the new industries have had a positive impact on the economies, it did not help the environment. Before the Revolutions, people relied on charcoal, but trees were scarce and took v...

... middle of paper ...

... of Steam, Industry, and Invention. New York: Random, 2010. Print.
Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Ed. Edwin Cannan. 1904 ed. London: Methuen, 1776. Library of Economics and Liberty. Web. 4 May 2014. .
Thatcher, Wade. "Child Labor During the English Industrial Revolution." Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution. Wade Thatcher, 2009. Web. 4 May 2014. .
Tilly, Louise A. "Women, Women's History, And The Industrial Revolution." Social Research 61.1 (1994): 115. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 4 May 2014.
"Why was Slavery finally abolished in the British Empire?" The Abolition Project. E2BN, 2009. Web. 6 May 2014. .
Wyatt, Lee T. The Industrial Revolution. Westport: Greenwood, 2009. Print.

Show More
Related

  • A Summary Of The Gabardine Gang

    332 Words  | 1 Pages

    Let me tell you about the “Gabardine Gang”. My father was the leader of an organized crime gang in the city of Hartford Connecticut. Far enough away from New York, New Jersey and Boston crime circuits. Yet, we lived close enough to know what the big guys were doing.. These small gangsters are nothing like you would see on TV or in the movies. My father ran his operation that worked in gambling, burglary, prostitution and bribery. You will never see films or books on these types of gangsters. They are not the glamorous expensive suit wearing types. They don't live in mansions, have maids or servants. These are the ‘blue’ collar types, or as I call them the 'lower-level' gangster. While you may not hear much about these types of gangsters,

    Read More

  • Analysis Of Emma Griffith's Liberty Dawn

    1060 Words  | 3 Pages

    For the first time in history children were an important factor of the economic system, but at a terrible price. The master of the factories employed children for two reasons. One, because of their small body which can get inside the machines to clean it and use their nimble fingers. Second, the masters use to pay low wages to the children who could be easily manipulated. The average age for the parents to send their children to work was ten. Although, Conventional wisdom dictates that the age at which children started work was connected to the poverty of the family. Griffith presents two autobiographies to put across her point. Autobiography of Edward Davis who lacked even the basic necessities of life because of his father’s heavy drinking habit and was forced to join work at a small age of six, whereas the memoir of Richard Boswell tells the opposite. He was raised up in an affluent family who studied in a boarding school. He was taken out of school at the age of thirteen to become a draper’s apprentice. The author goes further and places child employees into three groups, according to the kind of jobs that were available in their neighbourhood. First group composed of children living in rural areas with no domestic industry to work in. Therefore, the average of a child to work in rural area was ten. Before that, farmers use to assign small jobs to the children such as scaring birds, keeping sheep

    Read More

  • Northern Middle-Class Women in America Dbq

    961 Words  | 2 Pages

    Industrialization had a major impact on the lives of every American, including women. Before the era of industrialization, around the 1790's, a typical home scene depicted women carding and spinning while the man in the family weaves (Doc F). One statistic shows that men dominated women in the factory work, while women took over teaching and domestic services (Doc G). This information all relates to the changes in women because they were being discriminated against and given children's work while the men worked in factories all day. Women wanted to be given an equal chance, just as the men had been given.

    Read More

  • Industrial Revolution Dbq Essay

    759 Words  | 2 Pages

    The Industrial Revolution was an era between 1780 and 1850 where new inventions and machinery flourished, replacing human labor with machines in the production and manufacturing of goods. The Cottage Industry helped give rise to the Industrial Revolution with its inventions such as the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, and spinning mule, all of which were mainly operated by women. This opened new opportunities for women in the working industry but this also introduced working class injustices, gender exploitation, and standard-of-living issues. Women 's experiences in factories reflected the profound social changes of the revolution and continuities with traditional working-class ways of life through their poor working conditions, demoralization, and little reward for their hard work.

    Read More

  • Native Americans Shaping the Beginning

    570 Words  | 2 Pages

    Adam Smith, An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, (London: 1776), 190-91, 235-37.

    Read More

  • Work Conditions and Child Labor in the Nineteenth Century

    2068 Words  | 5 Pages

    Gaskell, Peter. The Manufacturing Population of England: Its Moral, Social, and Physical Conditions, and the Changes which have Arisen from the use of Steam Machinery; with an Examination of Infant Labour. 1833. New York: Arno Press, 1972.

    Read More

  • Summary Of The Second Industrial Revolution

    728 Words  | 2 Pages

    Wrought iron was a very popular material during the Industrial Revolution, but by the Second Industrial Revolution, steel had taken its place. Iron was then improved to be malleable and has been steel’s runner up ever since. Rubber and plastic were also created in this time frame, as scientists began to research macromolecular chemicals and synthetic materials. Electricity was still being explored during these years, as minor improvements were made increasing the quality and reliability while reducing the cost. One of the most important inventions to come out of the Second Industrial Revolution was the airplane. In 1903 the Wright brothers used their knowledge of mechanics and aerodynamics to create the first airplane, by 1914 the end of the Revolution the autopilot system was developed, and just thirty years after the Wright brother’s first flight, the first commercial airline business was created. Revolutionizing the system of production in agriculture had a slow start, because most of the work in agriculture was performed by human hands, such as tending to the crops or weeding. Once internal combustion engines were created they were applied to this problem. Right before WWI, tractors and combines began surfacing in the agriculture industry, changing it forever.

    Read More

  • Women in the Second Industrial Revolution

    1054 Words  | 3 Pages

    The Second Industrial Revolution had a major impact on women's lives. After being controlled fro so long women were experiencing what it was like to live an independent life. In the late nineteenth century women were participating in a variety of experiences, such as social disabilities confronted by all women, new employment patterns, and working class poverty and prostitution. These experiences will show how women were perceived in the Second Industrial Revolution.

    Read More

  • Al Capone And The Prohibition Era

    1351 Words  | 3 Pages

    Another common theme of this wildly intoxicated era was that of the gangsters. In the twenty-first century when the word gangster is uttered, often times images of minorities in baggy clothes comes to mind. However, when discussing the Prohibition Era the lives of gangsters are seen as much more glamorous, and none were more glamorous than that of the ultimate American gangster, Al “Scarface” Capone. Capone’s name brings to mind images of pinstripe suits, underground bars, bootleggers, flappers, and gun fights. His image embodies that of the Prohibition Era and his influence throughout society carries through it. Alphonse Capone is the ultimate American gangster.

    Read More

  • mafia

    1836 Words  | 4 Pages

    Their guns terrorized the streets of New York. They were murderous, brutal thugs that killed with no feelings of remorse. They were bank-robbers, drug dealers, casino owners, hit men and pimps. They were the Mafia of the 1920's and 1930's.

    Read More

  • Arguments Against Prohibition

    738 Words  | 2 Pages

    With wallets bursting from bootlegging profits, gangs outfitted themselves with “Tommy” guns and operated with impunity by paying off politicians and police alike. Rival gangs led by the powerful Al “Scarface” Capone and the hot-headed George “Bugs” Moran turned the city streets into a virtual war zone with their gangland clashes. By 1926, more than 12,000 murders were taking place every year across America (“The FBI and the American Gangster, 1924-1938”,

    Read More

  • Alphonse Capone: Gangster Of The 1920's

    947 Words  | 2 Pages

    During the 1920’s also known as the roaring 20’s chaos and violence rained through the powerful city of Chicago, Illinois. Alphonse Capone also known as Al Capone was responsible for this madness, being known as the most notorious gangster of the 19th century. In the 1920’s Alcohol became illegal to sell and purchase in the entire country of The United States. At the time this seemingly unstoppable gangster saw this as an opportunity to build an empire and make millions doing it. Al’s violent crime spree included prohibition, money laundering and tax invasion, which was ultimately the cause of the downfall of his Business and to his arrest. He was accused of dozens of murders throughout his criminal career, including the “valentine’s day massacre”

    Read More

  • Essay On Archetypes In Gangster Movies

    605 Words  | 2 Pages

    Gangster archetypes: the gangster, the best friend, the canarian, the moll, the mother are some of the key factors that make a gangster movie. This is, according to Hughes, something that any gangster film has to have in order to be a gangster film (215). All these archetypes are carefully defined and are rarely significantly changed. But the archetype of a gangster did get changed through history, and most significantly with the introduction of The Godfather (1972), which alongside many other changes, moved the only dominant figure above the gangster, from the mother, to the father.

    Read More

  • The Idea of Gangsters in America

    912 Words  | 2 Pages

    When we hear the words gangster or mobster, the first picture that comes to mind is bloodshed and violence. But Warshow shows us in his writings that this is not necessarily the case by giving us examples from the movie The Godfather of how the family is very similar to a normal everyday household yet very different at the same time. The family has this unique kind of courage that allows them to do what they want without having to care about what they can lawfully do. The family does not openly talk abou...

    Read More

  • The French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution

    1293 Words  | 3 Pages

    The period of 18th and 19th century is marked by the greatest transformations, reformations, revolutions and many other critical events that ever took place in human history. The credit is given to all these revolutions for enlightenment of mankind. The two most important revolutions were the French revolution and the industrial revolution. One can feel that both of these revolutions mutually reinforced each other and later became the back bone of all other revolutions. On the other hand, both revolutions had totally different impacts and consequences at various economical, political and social realms.

    Read More

More about The Industrial Revolutions on 18th and 19th Century Europe

Open Document