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Types of Memory Psych
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Do you trust you brain when it comes to remembering event or information ? If you do trust you brain I would be careful of how much you trust the information your memory gives you. Memory is refered to as being able to retain information in your brain and then retriving it to explain it to other person. In Chapter 8 in my psycology book talks about how memory works and how we learn information and organize it in our brain. The chapter states the diffrent variety of memory and what each memory is associated with. The chapter explain the common mistakes our brain makes and why it makes those mistakes. The Gazette newspaper report called "Pensioner cleared of raping girl who had false memory syndrome" talks about a girls remembering in extensive …show more content…
You have to gather the information store it in your brain and then reciting the information to someone else. There are diffrent ways that allow you to remember information easier like associating it to already known information or using chunking or mnemonics. Chapter 8 also states how there is diffrent type of memories like working memory that focuses on what you think and long term memory that stores information to be remembered for a long time. A persons brain is far from perfect especially when it comes to storing memory in your mind. Memory is not stored like a movie it is broken into pieces and stored in diffrent sections in our brain. The brain storing information like this leads to people not being able to retrieve memories or getting similar memories mixed up. If a persons mind get damage by an accident this may result in anterograde amnesia and not be able to remember anything after the incident or retro amnesia where you can remember anything before the …show more content…
Mennell had never had any physical contact with this girl and had only gone to the farm once, yet he was accussed of raping and threathing the girl by cutting open a cat to terrify her to keep silence. In the newspaper mennell said "he was an animal lover who found the allegations unbelievable and horrible". This proves that Mennell would not kill a cat if he was an animal lover to silence the girl, but instead would have done something else to silence her. The girl had false memory syndrome which means that she could have been convinced that the event took place when in reality it might have not. The girl didnt report the rape until 20 years after it had happened and when she retold the event it always changed. According to McCarthy "A lot of thing came out in therapy and the jury have to consider if those are reliable memories or false memories". McCarthy is suggesting that the girl could have been manipulated into thinking she was raped by their family or psycaotrist. The girl could have also have gotten information mixed up with other experiences she had over the last 20 years that could have created an unreliable information. The newspaper stated that "the woman told nobody at all for 20 years and only revealed her allegations in dribs and drabs during extensive therapy. This means that she had 20 years of experience to
In conclusion, memory errors can be made by the retrieval stage of memory. The false memory syndrome and coerced confessions can take place in this stage. Both of these concepts can be unconscious
Mechanical or rote repetition of the information is a great way to remember this information. The more time you spend rehearsing the information the longer the information will be remembered. This is actually a poor way of remembering things because it doesn’t make the information meaningful; “surface processing”. Elaborative Rehearsal is a more effective way of remembering information through “deep processing”, which is relating the information to information you already know. This technique is used in more in the education system than maintenance rehearsal. Even with these two ways to store things we still run into filling errors. Filling errors are where your brain has filed information incorrectly. The final step in the memory process is retrieval. Retrieval is the locating of stored information and returning it into your conscious thoughts. There are a few cues that help us retrieve them, such as priming, context, and state. Priming is the nonconscious identification or words and objects, by referring in to particular representations or associations in the memory just before carrying out the action or task. The memories that come back to your conscious mind when you are in a certain place or area are called context, dependent memories. When you are in a certain emotional state you many retrieve memories of when you were also in that same emotional
I believe that having a false memory is more likely to occur because if our real memories change over time the story, arguing that a repressed memory stays intact after years of being blocked, is illogical. Most of the cases, the repressed memory came back because it was forced by external factors that may have altered the veracity of the memory, which makes repressed memories unreliable as testimonies. I believe that there is truth in both topics, however, the cases presented in the film, and how the victims reacted to the memories gives the viewer a sign that most of the cases were under the influence of false memories.
That might have been a little dark, but it 's true; false memories happen to everyone, but they usually go unnoticed. A false memory is simply a memory of an experience that has been distorted. Your brain fills in the missing pieces of a memory with many possible things: details from a dream, something you saw on television, or even information from a different memory. In Erika Hayasaki’s article How Many of Your Memory Are Fake? he says, "Memory distortions are basic and widespread in humans, and it may be unlikely that anyone is immune." It 's frightening that these memory distortions are so common yet so many people go their whole life unaware of them. Jonah Lehrer’s article, The Forgetting Pill Erases Painful Memories Forever backs up Hayasaki 's point by saying, "since the time of the ancient Greeks, people have imagined memories to be a stable form of information that persists reliably." Proving that people have strong confidence in their memories, he then goes on to say, "Even though every memory feels like an honest representation, that sense of authenticity is the biggest lie of all." Lehrer is saying that the confidence in our
Minor consequences, might for instance, be confusing where one has placed something, like car keys. Such confusion can result in a simple inconvenience such as, the wasting of time. Although more serious consequence might for instance occur when one’s memory tricks the individual into giving false eyewitness accounts that might be costly to him, or other third parties. As such, it is important to critically analyze the dynamics of false memory formation and highlight methods that could be used to identi...
When an individual is trying to remember a certain memory or piece of information that is already learned, they access their long term memory to determine that memory. Studies have been conducted to prove that the theory of retrieval induced forgetting is true. An example of recognition induced for getting is the infamous eye witness testimony. When the victim is brought to the police station and told to choose which person in the line is the cause of the crime, the time spent between the actual crime and the trip to the police station can cause an issue with the witness remembering who the suspect was. Eye witness testimonies are considered an inaccurate way to catch a criminal because the victim can accuse the wrong person. Even in children, there are concerns when teaching a child, if they should access their long term memory to effectively learn. In present studies, retrieval induced forgetting was tested to prove if recognizing recent information causes harm to already learned information. In regards to the child learning, the downside of accessing their long term memory is the same as an adult. It is shown that retrieval induced forgetting can cause impairment to memory. Even when retrieval induced forgetting is an issue it is believed that one of the reasons that memory impairment is a hard subject to solve is because it only affects verbal memory not
In the article, “The Critical Importance of Retrieval For Learning” the researchers were studying human learning and memory by presenting people with information to be learned in a study period and testing them on the information that they were told to learn in order to see what they were able to retain. They also pointed out that retrieval of information in a test, is considered a neutral event because it does not produce learning. Researchers were trying to find a correlation between the speed of something being learned and the rate at which it is forgotten
Memory is a cognitive function of the brain that is often taken for granted. Memory may have many purposes, but most importantly it is essentially a record of an entire life span. From this perspective memory is the most important aspect of consciousness. Unfortunately, through formal experimentation it has been shown that memory is fairly inaccurate, inconsistent, and often influenced by our own experiences as well as the bias of others. Memory is not only affected during an observed event, but there are instances where memory can be influenced after an event as well. There are also instances where memory can be affected retroactively due to personal experiences and biases. Incorrectly recalling the memories of one’s life is usually not detrimental, but the flawed nature of long-term and short-term memory functions becomes a serious matter in regards to criminal eyewitness testimony. In the justice system eyewitness reports are legitimate and can be crucial in the judging process. The justice system was constructed to rely on testimony that is often inaccurate and inconstant in many ways.
The mammalian brain contains several different memory systems, which can be divided into declarative and non-declarative memory systems. Declarative memory can be further divided into episodic and semantic memory, and non-declarative memory can be divided into priming, associative learning, and procedural memory.
There have been several experiments done to try to prove that false memories can indeed be formed. One experiment, for example, was tried with a 14-year-old boy. The boy was told four memories, one of which was falsely constructed but similar to that of a true memory. The memories that were suggested took place when the boy was about 10 years younger. As the false memory was retold to him, he was asked to explain in detail what he had remembered from that event. Surprisingly, he claimed to remember the event, even though it was falsely created by the interviewer and his brother, and went on to explain what he remember to have happened, details and all. After collecting everything he had said about the four memories, he was told that one of the suggested memories was made-up and he was asked to guess which one it may have been. When he couldn’t decide which one it was, he was told that it was in fact the memory of getting lost in a store. He was confused and had trouble believing the truth.
What is memory and how its work. It is usually link with the ‘thinking of again’ or ‘recalling to the mind’ of a thing learned or memorized before. Definitions of this sort imply conscious awareness in the remembered that they are recollecting something of the past. For instance, we may remember our first day of school or some information like who is the president of the country. Basically, this is just tiny part of our capacity when we check out the full human memory capabilities.
We can imply this finding of false memory in many ways in our lives. We all should note that our memory cannot be trusted 100% and we should not solely rely on our memory when it comes to making critical decisions. Just like the murder trial example used in earlier, when it comes to eye witnessing, the judge should take possible false memory into account when making the final decisions and try to obtain objective evidence along with the memory of the witness.
False Memories are essentially, unintentional human errors, or a state of none-factual creativeness; which results in persons having declared memories of events and situations that did not occur in the actuality of their own lifespan reality history. If they were not unintentional errors they would be deception, which has the nature of a different purpose, morality and legality. False memories have no authenticity, realness or legitimacy, in the subject’s actual life. However they may not be complete false memories: more likely to be a combination of subjugation of previous memory cue’s; or imaginative inventive production, activated and initiated by an origination of external scenario additive as a prompt, indicator or sign, which fuses into memory recall. Therefore ‘False Memories’ are a genuine but inaccurate remembering of experimental data or recall of an genuine occurrences; both of which have rudiments of accuracy and inaccuracy in their transitive attention, giving most ‘False Memories’ partiality.
The mistaken recollection of information or the recollection of an event that never happened is known as a false memory (Rajagopal & Montgomery, 2011). The study of false memories has been of interest to cognitive psychologists (Otagaar, Smeets & Scoboria, 2013) for many years as it implies that human memory is vulnerable to the influence of external information, it also implies that our ability to recall events may not always be accurate. One major issue that has arisen with the research on false memories is the argued validity of eyewitness testimony (Wade, Green & Nash, 2011). Eyewitness testimony is the verified report made by someone who witnessed a crime (Wade et.al., 2011). False memories can interfere with the correct recollection of criminal offences which can potentially result in inaccurate accusations of a crime (Wade et.al., 2011). Researchers have been interested in studying false memories to develop a better understanding of how false memories work, and to what extent our memories can be assumed accurate (Jou & Flores, 2013).
In studying memory, researchers have devised various tasks that require participants to remember "arbitrary information" (Merkle). Memory tasks typically involve either recall or recognition. In recall memory you would be asked to give a fact, a word, or an item from memory. In recognition memory you are asked to identify from various things the correct word, fact, or item. How then do humans remember these things? It involves the human memory process, containing encoding, storing, and retrieving any information being given to us.