The eye color is a genetic biologic character in which is generally determined by pigmentation of the eye’s iris and the amount and reliance of the distribution of light that is enhanced by the stroma of the iris. According to In Siegel, & In Saukko, (2013), in human beings; the coloring of the iris differs from light brown to black which is dependent on the fact that, concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium which is located at the rear of the iris, the melanin substance within the iris stroma is placed at the frontage of the iris and the cellular concentration, which consist of living cells of the stroma.
The look of the blue, green and the hazel eyes are generally contributed by the spread of radiance in the stroma. An observable fact can be related with the accounts for the blueness of the sky. As suggested by Jurmain, (2012), neither blue nor green pigments are always’ present in the human iris or even in the ocular fluid, which is connected with the eyes and vision. However, eye colure depends on the lighting conditions and in most cases for lighter colored eyes.
Most of the babies who possess the European ancestry have light colored eyes at their early age. As the infant develops to a fully-grown child, the cells that are created inside the iris of human eyes. Then, the babies skin and hair follicles gradually start to construct melanin. According to Jurmain, (2012), curtain eye colors change within the age bracket of one to three years. Accordingly, when taking a closer look at the iris of an infant using light, it is achievable to identify the existence or nonexistence of low levels of melanin Warren, (1999).
On the other perspective point of view, most of the birds are characterized with brighter colo...
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...a result of combining Rayleigh spread throughout a mild amount of melanin in the iris anterior border layer. Hazel eyes appear to shift colors often from brown to green, Genet, (2011).
There are occasions where the human eye may appear to have several forms of colors, Genet, (2011). For instance, some eyes may look red under different light condition owing to the very low amount of melanin, which in turn allows the blood vessels to show.
In summary, therefore, all individuals have a thicker layer of melanin on the behind or back of their iris in which its function is to prohibit light from scattering around inside the eye. Good common sense should be consequently provided at all cost, to ensure that the eyes are prevented from contacting disease and also from injuries owing to the actuality that people’s eyes are delicate, (Genet, 2011).
examines the effects of the colorblindness approach to achieving a post-racial society. Wingfield, a professor of sociology at Washington University in St. Louis and the author of numerous books and articles concerning racism in America, focuses her research around the effects of the colorblindness ideology on individual cultures and social issues. This article appears in The Atlantic, a left-leaning news source, along with a collection of Wingfield’s other articles, mostly covering issues concerning racism and segregation in America.
The hair of the scalp is longer and more flexible, while the hair of the eyebrows tends to be short and stiff. Oval shaped hair shafts produce wavy hair, flat hair shafts create curly hair and hair shafts that are perfectly round create straight hair. There are also different types of melanin, a natural compound responsible for the production of color in the eyes, skin and hair. There is yellow, brown and black melanin, each produced by melanocytes located at the follicle base. With age, melanin production decreases, causing greying of hair. (Applegate & Saunders, 2001, pp
Melanin helps reduce the absorption of wavelengths into the skin (Chaplin, Jablonski, 59). The more melanin in the skin, the greater the protection against harmful UV rays, and the amount of melanin in the skin correlates with the skin’s color (more melanin means darker skin)....
An inspection of the modern animal phyla will reveal that eyes are just as diverse as they are complex. Some organisms like the rag worm have pigmented cup eyes while other like he box jellyfish have two lens eyes and two pairs of pigment pit eyes. To account for the diversity in eye structure, we must first examine the eye ‘prototype’, the original structure that was acted upon by evolution. The simplest organ that can be considered an eye is composed of a single photoreceptor cell and a single pigment cell, without any lens or other refractive body (Arendt, 2003). Such organs are know as eyespots, and...
Albinism is a genetic condition present at birth, characterized by a small amount of melanin pigment in the skin, hair and eye. Albinism is an occasional inborn sickness related with vision difficult, which affect one in seventeen thousand persons. It is not a contagious disease and cannot be spread over contact. Albinism affects individuals from all races. Most folks with albinism have parents with a normal color of skin. Some may not even recognize that they are Albino until later on in their life. This paper will be based on the study of albinism, causes, types, the genetic transmission and some possible medical problem.
Toni Morrison's novel, The Bluest Eye contributes to the study of the American novel by bringing to light an unflattering side of American history. The story of a young black girl named Pecola, growing up in Lorain, Ohio in 1941 clearly illustrates the fact that the "American Dream" was not available to everyone. The world that Pecola inhabits adores blonde haired blue eyed girls and boys. Black children are invisible in this world, not special, less than nothing. The idea that the color of your skin somehow made you lesser was cultivated by both whites and blacks. White skin meant beauty and privilege and that idea was not questioned at this time in history. The idea that the color of your skin somehow made you less of a person contaminated black people's lives in many different ways. The taunts of schoolboys directed at Pecola clearly illustrate this fact; "It was their contempt for their own blackness that gave the first insult its teeth" (65). This self hatred also possessed an undercurrent of anger and injustice that eventually led to the civil rights movement.
Albinism is a genetic disorder that is caused by the lack of pigments. Sometimes it only affects the eye which is called ocular albinism. You can receive albinism from your genetics. You can be an albino in your eyes, skin or hair. It affects people of all races and all around the world. Studies show one in 20,000 people worldwide have some form of albinism. Certain forms of albinism are more common in some populations. Most common form of albinism is OCAZ and is found in one in 36, 0000 Caucasians in the United States. There are four types of albinism; type 1 is characterized by white hair, very pale skin, and light colored eyes. Type 2 is less severe their skin is usually a creamy white color and their hair could be a light yellow, blonde or light brown. Type 3 has a form of albinism called “rufous oculocutaneous albinism” this usually affects dark-skinned people. They have reddish-brown skin, ginger or red hair and hazel or brown eyes. Type 3 has milder vision problems. Type 4 has the same symptoms similar to type 2. Types 1 and 2 are the most common forms; types 3 and 4 are not as common.
Human pigmentation is influenced by hemoglobins within blood vessels in the skin, carotene and melanins. Melanin, the basis of pigmentation, can be found in the forms of eumelanin and phaeomelanin. Eumelanin is the brown-black pigment located in the skin, hair, and eyes. Phaeomelanin is a yellow to reddish-brown pigment found in small quantities within the skin, eyes, and red hair. Because of these two pigments, to a greater or lesser degree, we have the variation in human pigmentation that is seen today.
In Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, the character Claudia struggles with a beauty standard that harms her sense of self-esteem. Claudia tries to make sense of why the beauty standard does not include black girls. The beauty standard determines that blonde-haired blue-eyed white girls are the image of beauty and therefore they are worthy of not only attention, but are considered valuable to American culture of the 1940s. Thus, learning she has no value or beauty as a black girl, Claudia destroys her white doll in an attempt to understand why white girls are beautiful and subsequently worthy, socially superior members of society. In destroying the doll, Claudia attempts to destroy the beauty standard that works to make her feel socially inferior and ugly because of her skin color. Consequently, Claudia's destruction of the doll works to show how the beauty standard was created to keep black females from feeling valuable by producing a sense of self-hate in black females. The racial loathing created within black women keeps them as passive objects and, ultimately, leads black women, specifically Pecola, to destroy themselves because they cannot attain the blue eyes of the white beauty standard.
It was determined that infants develop color vision at or around three months of age and that when final results were evaluated and compared to adult (only) measures, actually have better quality color vision (Brown et al., 1994). An interesting study by Chase (1937) made efforts to discover the identities of color in which infants that aged 2 to 10 weeks old were tested to find out what colors they could perceive. The results they came up with were that very young infants could tell the difference between the primary colors and combinations but there were numerous limitations to the study (Chase, 1937). The study had placed infants to lie down and view a screen while observing eye movements (Chase, 1937). Findings by Franklin, Pilling, and Davies (2005) explain that color categorizing occurs in four month old infants and adults alike. A study by Bornstein, Kessen, & Weiskopf (1976) has supporting evidence that color is categorized in 4 month old infants and determined the boundaries within...
The pupil is merely an opening that allows light to enter into the eye. Its black color is attributed to the fact that light is not able to exit the eye through the pupil.
and the iris which is the colored part of the eye, it regulates the amount of light
The incredible thing about the human eye is that it can see objects to as far as 2 miles long.That’s almost 35 football fields! Let’s consider the mechanics of the eye. The eye is a clear ball with water-like fluids in there.You have the front of the eyeball which is translucent called the cornea. It’s extremely thin and its job is to protect the eye by refracting light that comes through. The next part of the eye is the pupil, which mostly everyone knows about.It is the black portion in your eye. Did you know that it gets its color from when light entering the eye is absorbed and it doesn’t leave the eye. You may also notice that when you’re looking at the pupil, you can see a different colored circle in them. This is called the iris, and it varies among everyone. Your actual eye color is determined by a pigment in the iris.The genes from your parents set a human’s eye color. The iris’s job is to widen or close depending on how bright or dark it is. If its bright and the sun is basically beaming down on you, the iris will adjust so your pupil will get smaller to only let a certain amount of light in. If you’re in the dark, your iris adjusts so your pupil will get bigger so a greater...
As further protection, the eyelids automatically close when an object suddenly moves close to the eye.Parts Of the EyeThe eye is made of 3 coats, or tunics. The outermost coat consists of the cornea and the sclera. The middle coat contains the main blood supply to the eye and consists of the choroid, the ciliary body, and the Iris. The innermost layer is the retina.Cornea and ScleraThe Sclera, or the white of the eye, is composed of tough fibrous tissue. On the exposed area of the eye the scleral surface is covered with a mucous membrane called the conjunctiva.