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The effects of foster care on children
Intro to the foster care system
The effects of foster care on children
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Foster care is the planned care for children who cannot live with their birth parents for a period of time (Emerson & Lovitt, 2003). Children in foster care may live with unrelated foster parents, a relative, in a group home, or in residential care. Children who are removed from their home and placed in foster care are often removed due to issues concerning abuse, neglect, parent-child conflict, or physical and/or behavioral problems (Trout, Hagaman, Casey, Reid, & Esptein, 2007). According to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS, 2015), on September 30, 2014, approximately 415,000 children were in foster care in the United States; approximately 64% of these children were school-aged.
Stress on Foster Children
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Children in foster care face many immediate stressors.
Above and beyond the stress of being removed from their families, foster children often face the stress of having multiple foster homes placements. Frequent foster home placements may also lead to multiple school placements. According to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS), in 2013, 17.6% of Wisconsin children in foster care had 4 or more placements (AFCARS Report, 2013). School and home transfers require foster children to adjust to new families, teachers, classmates, and school work (Finkelstein, 2003). Stress of court appearances, separation from siblings and parents, and the stigma of being in foster care may also cause stress (Castrechini,
2009). Another stressor faced by foster children is school absenteeism. A study conducted by Castrechini (2009) found that children in youth and foster care had an average school absence rate of 12% compared to 6% for non-foster children. Foster children’s school absenteeism tends to increase as the number of placements the children receives increases (Zorc, O’Reilly, Matone, Long, Watts, & Rubin, 2013). Foster children miss school due to a variety of reasons, including registration problems, appointments, and anxiety (Finkelstein et al., 2002). School absenteeism causes the child to miss assignments and due dates, in-class lectures and activities, and the opportunity to build relationships with other students and staff members, thus imposing even more stress. Children in foster care may experience the effects of long-term stress due to abuse and neglect. In 2013, Wisconsin reported 4,886 substantiated individual child victims of maltreatment (Wisconsin Department of Children and Families, 2013). Of these maltreatments, neglect was the most common type of allegation, followed by physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse (Wisconsin Department of Children and Families, 2013). Research has shown that neglect, occurring alone or in combination with abuse, is associated with the lowest level of academic achievement among children who were maltreated (Eckenrode, Laird, & Doris, 1993). Neglect is associated with low levels of self-esteem and sense of control (Egeland, Sroufe & Erickson, 1983). Children who are physically abused show greater levels of aggressive behavior. This behavior may assist in explaining the greater number of discipline referrals and suspensions foster children receive in comparison to other children who are not in care (Castrechini, 2009). Children in foster care are twice as likely to be suspended then their peers not in care, 25% vs. 10% and ten times more likely to be expelled, 10% vs. 1% (Castrechini, 2009). Children who are sexually abused tend to show greater detriments in their psychosocial development than in their academic achievements (Eckenrode et al., 1993). These results suggest that children who are victims of neglect and abuse continue to suffer from the effects long after the event is over.
Unfortunately, “foster children who have moved multiple times often develop detachment disorder: they become unable to attach to others as a defense mechanism” (Babbel). Due to this, children are taught to keep to themselves. They fear that if they open up to people, then they will become more distraught when the time comes for them leave. Consequently, their outside persona becomes a shell, while their true emotions become trapped inside. As a result, they have trouble forming strong relationships later on in life. This can especially prove to be troublesome in marriages, where these ex-foster children act upon their training to build walls against others. Thus, this psychological damage can haunt foster care children for the rest of their
Koh, Eun, et al. "What explains instability in foster care? Comparison of a matched sample of children with stable and unstable placements." Children and Youth Services Review 37 (2014): 36-45. Web. 15 July 2014.
This paper will contain research done about foster care, including a brief history and progressing along to the system today. This research interested me because it is a professional career option after graduation. I found both positives and negatives about the foster care system that children and foster parents go through on a daily basis. As the paper progresses I will be explaining these positives and negatives in more detail. Throughout the paper I will be referencing different scholarly sources that explain foster care in different ways. Overall, this paper will show different aspects that the general public may never know about foster care.
The concept of aging out of foster care is referred to those children who are within the state foster care system and who are still in the system upon reaching the age of eighteen, twenty-one or have graduated from high school (Craft, 2014). The causes of children aging out of the foster care system is usually due to the children not finding a permanent home with an adoptive family, or the state for some reason has not reunited the child with his or her birth family before turning of age. Each state has a different regulation on what the age should be when a child ages out of the system. Many children are not ready to make the transition of being out on their own, therefore, some states have moved the age up to 21 years instead of 18 years (Craft, 2014). If the foster parents or parent chooses to keep caring for the child after he or she ages out, then the child is able to stay in their foster home until he or she is ready to make that step and move out. According to Cunningham and Diversi, many of the difficulties that foster youth face during their transition are known and read about in academic literature, but those who go through the process of aging out of foster care are largely missing from the academic literature (Cunningham & Diversi, 2013). Many children who are in the foste...
One challenge young adult’s face after aging out of foster care is being provided the health care that they need. According to Paula K Jaudes and the American Academy of Pediatrics, children in foster care suffer from various health issues such as “developmental delays, mental retardation, emotional adjustment problems, chronic medical problems, birth defects, substance abuse, and pregnancy” (1170). It is unknown why children in care are at a higher risk for these problems, but numerous medical professionals believe it is caused by the circumstances that led them being put into foster care, and the experiences they had while in care (Jaudes 1170). Despite being inclined to face more medical problems than teenagers who grew up in nuclear families, there is a lack of support to help take care of these teens. One study conducted by...
“About two-thirds of children admitted to public care have experienced abuse and neglect, and many have potentially been exposed to domestic violence, parental mental illness and substance abuse” (Dregan and Gulliford). These children are being placed into foster care so that they can get away from home abuse, not so they can move closer towards it. The foster children’s varied outcomes of what their adult lives are is because of the different experiences they grew up with in their foster homes. The one-third of those other foster children usually has a better outcome in adult life than the other two-thirds, which is a big problem considering the high percentage of children being abused in their foster homes. Although, the foster care system has most definitely allowed children to experience the positive home atmosphere that they need there is still an existed kind of abusive system in the foster care program that is unofficial but seems to be very popular. Foster care focuses on helping children in need of a temporary stable environment; however, foster care can have negative impacts to the children and the people around them concerning the foster child going through the transition, the parents of the foster child, a new sibling relationship, and problems that arrive later influencing the foster child long-term.
In todays’ society many Americans never think about our foster care system. Foster care is when a child is temporarily placed with another family. This child may have been abused, neglected, or may be a child who is dependent and can survive on their own but needs a place to stay. Normally the child parents are sick, alcohol or drug abusers, or may even be homeless themselves. We have forgotten about the thousands of children who are without families and living in foster homes. Many do not even know how foster care came about. A few of the earliest documentation of foster care can be found in the Old Testament. The Christian church put children into homes with widowers and then paid them using collection from the church congregation. The system that the church had in place was actually successful, and was continued to be used until English Poor Law eventually regulated family foster care in the U.S.
Low educational achievement for foster youth was a pressing concern. A study completed by Ehrle and Geen (2002) using a phone survey of 44,000 foster care providers across the United States found that 55% of voluntary kinship care providers did not have a high school degree, this indicated that may care providers lack the knowledge and understanding to help foster youth be prepared academically. After studying over 1000 foster youth Pecora et al (2006) found, about one third of all foster youth repeated a grade in school. In addition, Vacca (2007) identified reasons that foster youth struggled in the school setting. “Foster youth will typically not have any consistent parent advocacy or representative in the creation and implementation of the educational plan for graduation” (p. 67). With primary and secondary education a struggle for foster youth, it was no surprise that higher education was not something foster youth had been prepared for. In a combination survey and interview study titled “Pathways to College for Former Foster Youth: Understanding Factors That Contribute to Educational Success” Merdinger, Hines, Osterling, and Wyatt (2005) studied more than 200 former foster youth and found that “overall 63.8 percent [of former foster youth] reported that the foster care system did not prepare them very well for college” (p.
Imagine waking up everyday in a home where there is nobody you can call mom or dad. Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver referred to as a "foster parent". The placement of the child is usually arranged through the government or a social-service agency. The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses. The state will inform through the family court and child protection agency stand in loco parentis to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of the minor throughout the time the child is in the system.
What is foster care? Why do some people choose to adopt? What are benefits of adoption? How does the foster system work? These are questions often asked when people want to know what adoption can be like. Adoption is not something everyone is open to, but doing foster care and taking care of children from broken homes can change not just their life but the person caring for them. Adoption and foster care can be an option that should be well thought about before acted upon. Adopting can be a new beginning not just for the child, but for the person adopting. Before making the choice to adopt, becoming a foster-parent is a wonderful first step to take. Foster care and adoption can be a great life changing experience for the parents and children
Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or
To many outsiders, the foster care system may appear to be a safe haven for those children that are abused or abandoned by their birth family. This is correct, but the system with which it is based, has many flaws. A background check is mandatory for all foster parents, but a test to see if a child 's temperament matches that caregiver 's parenting style, is not. Now, this is seen as a minor issue, but there is not enough evidence to support this. Plus, there are many other, much worse reasons, why the system is not perfect. Altogether, the foster care system and a multitude of its rules are flawed and may actually be negatively affecting foster children.
According to the International Foster Care Organization “Foster care is a way of providing a family life for children who cannot live with their own parents.”(2004) Foster care is supposed to provide temporary care while parents get help dealing with problems, or to help children or young people through a difficult period in their lives. Children will return home once their parents are able to provide a safe enviorment for them. However if parent are unable to resolve the issues that cause their child in foster care their children may stay in long-term foster care, some may be adopted, and others will move on to live independently. (IFCO, 2004) Foster care has been a problem for many years and although there have been many attempts to improve it; it there still seems to be negatively impacting
This paper will look at the effects of foster care placement on children. The literature review will discuss how foster placement affect children educationally, mentally, behavioral, and developmental. Children are placed in foster care due to unwholesome living situations, mistreatment, and negligence. According to the 2010 census 74.2 million children are living in foster care in the United States, and 101,840 children up for adoption (foster club website). Foster care children and systems are lacking many things such as adequate elementary and secondary education. These children also, lack a stabled living environment. Not only are they lacking things, but they have issues with behavioral health and general well-being. Students either will
The number of children who enter foster care is rapidly growing; however, there are not enough foster parents for these children. Children are placed into foster care because of neglect, abuse and many other reasons. Foster parents are single individuals or married couples who become licensed to serve as caretakers for foster children. Foster parents are very important because they help the child grow and by providing love and affection, and even stability while they are away from birth parents. The purpose of this review is to increase the awareness about foster parenting and finding ways to recruit parents to create successful foster placements.