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Institutional racism is evidenced by
Institutional racism is evidenced by
Institutional racism is evidenced by
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Access, affordability, and attainment must be improved to increase opportunities for African American students. First, social equity is used as a theoretical framework to examine higher education—specifically a public affairs education based on democratic values of equality and diversity. Second, the construct of institutional racism is defined and described, underscoring its role in partially explaining educational outcomes for African-Americans. Next, relying on secondary data, the rules and procedures used by institutions of higher education to establish access, affordability, and attainment are deconstructed to emphasize the institution’s responsibility in underwriting policies that promulgate the further disenfranchisement …show more content…
Moore 2
Findings The overall findings from the interview were the issues relating to underrepresented African-Americans in higher education access and success. I am aware of the gap between African-America students. Background factors play a part, such as those students from families where only one person has gone to college, family and environmental pressures. Sometimes the high school which students hail may play a role in academic success of an African-American minority student (Wiggins).
The themes were knowledge and awareness of the African-American student, causes of the problem, and academic support from faculty and staff.
Knowledge and awareness
All institutions have a strong commitment to widen participation and ensure equality and diversity of the student body and enhance a sense of belonging. With regard to multicultural backgrounds, institutions must develop cross-cultural
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I don’t feel individual instructors are racists, but African-American students are still not treated fairly when it comes to testing. These tests are supposed to be universal, but more African-American are failing than Whites (Wiggins). However, the attainment gap “blame” can be placed on students, inadequate academic backgrounds, not enough knowledge base which results in falling behind peers. Reading and writing are not efficient among African-American students. African-American students don’t attain so well I guess because of the socio-economic backgrounds would determine the type of high school they’ve attended, and learning habits they have adopted (Wiggins).
Academic support High expectation are not set for African-American students, and African-American students need more encouragement to realize they can achieve in college. I think institutions need to consider ways in which all groups are structurally, institutionally, and are strategically supported and not just certain groups to bring up figures of particular groups of students (Wiggins).
Benefits of a Bachelor’s degree for African-Americans
“College campuses are not dominated by widespread racial/ethnic segregation and the racial/ethnic clustering that does occur isn’t impeding intergroup contact.” (578, Hoeffner and Hoeffner). Throughout the essay, the writer continues to provide facts and sources on the information that diversity is not a problem on college campuses. She quotes evidence that states that college students are getting a “variety of positive educational outcomes that result from being educated in a diverse environment.” (578, Hoeffner and Hoeffner).
For almost two hundred years, Historically Black Colleges and Universities or HBCUs have played a pivotal role in the education of African-American people, and negro people internationally. These schools have provided the majority of black college graduates at the Graduate and Post-Graduate level; schools such as Hampton University, Morehouse University, Spellman University and Howard University are four universities at the forefront of the advanced education of blacks. For sometime there has been a discussion on whether or not these institutes should remain in existence or if they are just another form of racism. There were also concerning the quality of education provided at these institutions. In my opinion, from the evidence provided in our own world today, HBCUs are very important and significant in the education of black people throughout the nation, and are essential to our society.
One such authority in the field, Dr. Pascal Mubenga, in his essay The Struggle of African American Students (2012), reasons that a difficult road from segregation and slavery has impacted the educational achievement of African American students. Dr. Mubenga supports his reasoning by elaborating on the disadvantages African Americans have been faced with starting centuries ago: “While immigrants were being Americanized, African, Mexican, Native, Asian, and Puerto Rican Americans were increasingly segregated or denied language and cultural rights in public schools" (Mubenga 7). His purpose is to make educators aware of the background their African American students come from in order to make sure that their needs are handled with a much more
Cokley, Kevin. "The Impact of College Racial Composition on African American Students' Academic Self-Concept: A Replication and Extension." Journal of Negro Education 71.4 (2002): 288-96. JSTOR. Web.
In this brief report, I will be examining common practices, policies and resources that support Black women attending Princeton University. Included is a brief review of national averages in regards to higher education attainment and a rationale for continued rhetoric on this topic. My interest in this topic stem from my experience at State University’s Women Studies Program. While the conversation around gender is necessary and crucial, little attention was given to discussions of how race and gender affect an individual’s lived experience. I was constantly aware of my lack of representation among students who were in those classes and the faculty who taught.
Clearly, HBCUs provide several benefits to African-American students. Not only have they helped to combat the cycle of discrimination that minority students experienced before the civil rights initiatives of the 1960s, but they strive to provide a warm, supportive and inclusive academic environment that addresses African-American college students as a whole person. Additionally, HBCUs are increasing their efforts to ensure that higher education is accessible, affordable and achievable for individuals with unique socioeconomic challenges. Despite obstacles, historically Black institutions will continue to play a vital and significant role in the fabric of higher education.
As previously stated, it appears there are persistant barriers present that hinder enrollment, retention, and rate of graduation for African Americans in higher education. It is imperative that educational concerns for African Americans are addressed at all levels, but it is particularly important at the post secondary stage. Higher levels of education are associated with both lower unemployment rates and a higher income. If...
The issue of whether HBCU’s are still needed have been occurring constantly in today’s nation. HBCU’s have been in existence for almost two centuries now. Their principal mission is to educate African Americans, and they have. HBCU’s graduate more than 50% of “African American” professionals and public school teachers. But, HBCU’s have been facing challenges such as their decrease in diversity, financing, and graduate rates which has caused a speculation of their importance in today’s communities. I believe that HBCU’s are still needed.
In 2001 statistics reported by the United States Department of Education indicated that during 1997-1998 African American students received 8.3% of bachelor’s degrees awarded. Concurrently, Hispanic students as well as Asian or Pacific Islander students received 6.0%, while American Indian/Alaskan Native students only accounted for .7%. Although statistics from agencies who report differ, clearly on a national level, minority students
...to understand their experiences through their exposure and interactions with such incidents to foster their persistence and success in college. This research will not only help uncover the navigational strategies these women have employed to overcome oppressive barriers such as racism and sexism but also to identify the impact of these experiences on the development of their academic aspirations. The overall impact of this research is two-fold: at the macro level findings can benefit those in program and resource development to create effective programming and strategies to support women of color success in college. Along the same lines, the benefits of this research at the micro-level include promoting awareness among young women of color about the strategies that other women of color have adopted to overcome these challenges and reach their educational goals.
Annotated Bibliography Journals: The Journal of the American Denson, N., & Chang, M. (2009). Racial Diversity Matters: The Impact of Diversity-Related Student Engagement and Institutional Context. American Educational Research Journal, 46, 322-353. This article discusses the different forms of racial diversity contribution to students’ educational and learning experiences and the positive effects on students who adopt these diversity opportunities. The author demonstrates how the quality of higher education is substantially heightened by diversity-connected efforts.
As cliché as it sounds, it is true that many African American students come from very harsh and poverty stricken environments. They tend to go to under resourced schools as well that do not provide the proper knowledge for them to further their education. And even worse, these schools tend to be segregated since they are usually in the harsher parts of a neighborhood. Sadly, it’s the segregated schools are one of the main reasons why black students decide not to go on to pursue a higher education. According to "The Way Out of the Black Poverty Cycle", a black student that attends an integrated suburban school is six times more likely to graduate compared to a segregated under resourced school. An African Americans family structure and the opinions of family members affects if their decision to further their education as well. Many African American children grow up un...
. . . African American, Latino/a, and Native American students score less well on standardized tests. [Achievement] gaps persist in additional levels of achievement, such as grades and class rank. . . . In addition, African American students are more likely to be placed in special education classes and, once placed, are less likely to be mainstreamed or returned to regular classes (Davis, 96).
SAT participation among Montgomery County schools' 2010 minority graduates drops. Retrieved from: http://www.cds.org/item/cds http://www.gazette.net/stories/09222010/montsch231827_32535.php The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. (2006).Black Student College Graduation Rates Remain Low, But Modest Progress Begins to Show. Retrieved from: http://www.jbhe.com/features/50_blackstudent_gradrates.html.
The last question asked of the participants if there was any further insight they wanted to share related to persistence at MSU, or if there were any reasons they would encourage or discourage an African American male considering MSU. The following is the input that was shared from the participants. One participant would encourage students to get involved in campus activities. He enjoyed his time in school, and he had positive experiences when doing projects with classmates. Another one shared even though he was an online student, he hoped that his experience was not different than other students. Having the opportunity to meet and be mentored was important and understanding that others trusted in him and held him accountable kept him on