The Human Circulatory System
The human circulatory is one of, if not the, most important system in the body. “It consists of such organs as the heart, and lungs” (Dunbar 4). “However every organ and organ system in the body is nourished and kept alive through the use of the circulatory system” (2-4). The main organ in the circulatory system is the heart. “Basically, the heart is a pump that keeps fresh blood coursing through your body, bringing oxygen and nutrients to all your organs and cells” (2). “A mathematical description of what the heart accomplishes is astonishing. Your heart keeps approximately ten pints (4.73 liters) of blood constantly circulating through seventy –five –thousand miles (one –hundred –thousand kilometers) of blood vessels” (2). Those thousands of miles of blood vessels reach every organ in your body. “Once they reach the organ they deliver much needed oxygen and take away carbon dioxide and other waste products that your body cannot use. This must be done without interruption if you are to remain healthy and alive” (2).
“Every living cell in your body depends on oxygen for life. Any cell deprived of oxygen for more than thirty minutes will die. The cells in your brain are even more dependent on fresh oxygen. If your brain cells are deprived of oxygen for only five seconds it will cause you to become unconscious. If your brain is deprived of oxygen for more than four minutes your brain will die” (2).
But where does all of this oxygen come from? , You may ask yourself. The lungs, I believe, are the second most important organs in the circulatory system. For one reason they are the only way for oxygen to be received into the body. It is in the lungs that cells absorb fresh oxygen, and where carbon dioxide is released to be expelled from the body. The transfer of these two gasses takes place in the alveoli in the lungs. “Alveoli are ‘small cavities’ or ‘air sacs in the lungs’” (Marieb G-2). “Blood entering the lungs through the pulmonary circulation is dark colored, low on oxygen, and high in carbon dioxide. The blood is pumped by the right side of the heart into the pulmonary arteries, which leads to the lungs. The pulmonary arteries divide into smaller and smaller blood vessels, which ending with pulmonary capillaries in the walls of the alveoli”(World Book L 528). These alveoli are the smallest o...
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Platelets are disk like structures that develop from cells found in the marrow. They help prevent the loss of blood from damaged vessels. If a small blood vessel is cut or broken, platelets stick to the damaged surface and to one another. As they pile up, they form a temporary seal over the injury. At the same time, the platelets release substances that start the process of blood clotting. Platelets are the smallest of the formed elements. They measure only about two to four microns in diameter. A micro liter of blood contains one –hundred –fifty –thousand to four –hundred –thousand platelets” (425).
Bibliography
“Blood” The World Book Encyclopedia: Scott Fetzer Company. 1990.
Dunbar, Robert E. The Heart and Circulatory System New York: Franklin Watts, 1984
Hildebrant, Jack and Modell, Harold I.
“Lung” The World Book Encyclopedia: Scott Fetzer Company. 1990.
“How the Heart Works” The World Book Encyclopedia: Scott Fetzer Company. 1990.
Marieb, Elaine N. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology New York: The
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1994
“The Circulatory System.” The World Book Encyclopedia: Scott Fetzer Company. 1990.
It is the mildest form resulting in a small separation or gap in one or more vertebrae’s of the spine. This type no signs or symptoms and experience no neurological problems. However, visible indications of Spina bifida occulta can sometimes be seen on the newborn's skin above the spinal defect, including an abnormal tuft of hair, a collection of fat and a small dimple or birthmark. Many people who have Spina bifida occulta are unaware, unless the condition is discovered during an X-ray or other imaging test done for other unrelated reasons.
Specifically, on a standard five speed, the gears are as follows: Neutral is located in the middle of the panel. From neutral, gears must be changed accordingly. First gear is found to the far upper left, and is used to get the car moving from a stopped position. Down left is second gear, used for speeds up to twenty-five miles per hour. Third gear is located upper middle of the panel, used for speeds from about twenty-five to forty miles per hour. Fourth gear is found at the lower middle and would be good for between forty and fifty miles per hour. Fifth gear is found to the far upper right, and is used for higher driving speeds such as on the freeway. Last but not least is reverse, which is to the far bottom right, used for backing up. These gears must be maneuvered the exact same way each time the automobile is driven.
Like all organs, the brain needs the oxygen and nutrients provided by blood to function properly. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain injury, disability and possibly death.
There are many disabilities that affect the Musculoskeletal System. One disability is Spina Bifida, which is a series of spinal cord defects caused by abnormal fetal development. We don’t know all the causes of spina bifida. Genetics and the environment may play a role in causing spina bifida. Spina bifida can range from mild to extreme. Some people may have little to no disability while others people may be limited in the way they move. Some people may even be paralyzed or unable to walk or move parts of their body. Although, most people affected by spina bifida lead full and productive lives. There are three types which include myelomeningocele, occulta, and meningocele. Depending on the classification there will be different characteristics and symptoms. It may be treated in different setting, with different potential treatment ideas.
During fetal growth, the neural tube can develop any number of abnormalities. These “malformations occur because the tube fails to close properly, because parts of it are missing, or because part of the tube is blocked” (neural tube defect, 2014). Ramírez-Altamirano et al. (2012) have stated that “the most common types of neural tube defect are anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, all of which represent 95% of the cases.” Anencephaly is the most severe form of neural tube defect. In this condition the cephalic portion of the neural tube fails to close properly, resulting in very little cerebral tissue forming. Infants born with this defect are usually stillborn or live for a very short amount of time. Spina bifida consists of “a group of malformations of the spine in which the posterior portion of the bony canal containing the spinal cord is completely or partially absent” (Frazier & Drzymkowski, 2013, p. 63). This condition typically affects the lumbar portion of the neural tube, a...
The heart serves as a powerful function in the human body through two main jobs. It pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body and “blood vessels called coronary arteries that carry oxygenated blood straight into the heart muscle” (Katzenstein and Pinã, 2). There are four chambers and valves inside the heart that “help regulate the flow of blood as it travels through the heart’s chambers and out to the lungs and body” (Katzenstein Pinã, 2). Within the heart there is the upper chamber known as the atrium (atria) and the lower chamber known as the ventricles. “The atrium receive blood from the lu...
A neural tube is a tube that begins developing in an embryo that eventually become the spinal cord. A neural tube defect occurs at the beginning of pregnancy, often within the first month, when the neural tube does not close properly. This will cause, later on in development, a hole in the spinal cord. The most common type of this defect is called Spina Bifida. There are different types of Spina Bifida, some more mild than others. The most severe type of Spina Bifida, called Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele, causes many problems including partial or complete paralysis below the defected area of the spine, urinary and bowel issues, and excess fluid on the brain, which can cause learning or intellectual disabilities. The mildest type of Spina Bifida, Spina bifida occulta, does not cause any disabilities, but still presents an opening in the spinal cord (How do health care, 2012).
Here, deep in the lungs, oxygen diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the blood in the capillaries and gaseous waste products in the blood—mainly carbon dioxide—diffuse through the capillary walls and into the alveoli. But if something prevents the oxygen from reaching t...
The Respiratory System 1. Define respiration. Respiration is the process of converting glucose to energy, which goes to every cell in the body. 2. Describe the organs of external respiration.
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood vessels and the blood and its main functions include the transportation of blood around the body, protection from invading microorganisms and to prevent blood loss through haemostasis. (Widamaier, et al 2011:5)
Franz Kafka, b. Prague, Bohemia (then belonging to Austria), July 3, 1883, d. June 3, 1924, has come to be one of the most influential writers of this century. Virtually unknown during his lifetime, the works of Kafka have since been recognized as symbolizing modern man's anxiety-ridden and grotesque alienation in an unintelligible, hostile, or indifferent world. Kafka came from a middle-class Jewish family and grew up in the shadow of his domineering shopkeeper father, who impressed Kafka as an awesome patriarch. The feeling of impotence, even in his rebellion, was a syndrome that became a pervasive theme in his fiction. Kafka did well in the prestigious German high school in Prague and went on to receive a law degree in 1906. This allowed him to secure a livelihood that gave him time for writing, which he regarded as the essence--both blessing and curse--of his life. He soon found a position in the semipublic Workers' Accident Insurance institution, where he remained a loyal and successful employee until--beginning in 1917-- tuberculosis forced him to take repeated sick leaves and finally, in 1922, to retire. Kafka spent half his time after 1917 in sanatoriums and health resorts, his tuberculosis of the lungs finally spreading to the larynx.
This form does not cause nervous system issues and can sometimes go undetected. It is defined as “a condition is which the bones of the spine do not close but the spinal cord and meninges remain in place and skin usually covers the defect” (“Myelomeningocele”). The meninges are membranes that cover the central nervous system. Symptoms include a dark spot or an area with less skin color, a lump, or a dimple over the affected area. This usually occurs on the infant’s lower spine. Not all of these symptoms indicate that a person has spina bifida. Because this type is not as harsh as the other two, it can only be detected through an examination. Even though spina bifida occulta is the least severe, there are more severe types within spina bifida occulta. One of these types causes the spinal cord to become tethered which can lead to different neurological issues. These kinds of spina bifida occulta are less likely to
This paper will present a novel, The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka. My purpose of this paper is to analyze the story and the author Franz Kafka's life. The Metamorphosis is an autobiographical piece of writing, and I can find that parts of the story reflects Kafka's own life, also I would like to analyze the symbolism of the story, the protagonist in the novel The Metamorphosis. The analysis of the story is addressed to all people in general. The research of this paper will be supported by scholarly journals, academic websites, and books.
The human body is very complex. It is like a job. You have to do a million things in one day to make it through the day. The body uses nine systems to do all of those jobs. They all have separate functions, but some work together. Each system is also made up of organs. There are many ways to care and protect the systems from the many different problems they can have. There are also many interesting facts about each system.
Platelets are small fragments of the cytoplasm of a larger cell found only in the bone marrow, the megakaryocyte. Platelets form a clots or thrombus when aggregated together with the help of the blood protein fibrin and to reduce blood