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The horrific story of Genie was one of the cruelest instances of social isolation in American history. For nearly 11 years, “Genie” was locked to a chair with homemade strapping device alone in a dark room and was hit by a board each time she made a noise by her sadistic father. She was never exposed to any language, her family left her alone in the dark room. It wasn’t until November 4, 1970, when her mother, who was nearly blind, sought public assistance in Temple City, CA. Genie was discovered at the age of 13 with a body of 5 and had no apparent language skills at all. Psychologists found an interest with her, with the aim to investigate the hypothesis in which language should be acquired and exposed to the child in order for the child
Have you ever felt like there was nothing that you can do for your child? In this book, Deaf Like Me, by Thomas S. Spradley and James P. Spradley, I can see the journey that Lynn’s parents took to get her help. (Spradley & Spradley, 1978). This book was an excellent read. I really liked the way that they described the ways they tried to help Lynn to understand the world around her. The book, is a great asset for any family that might be unexpectedly put into a situation that they know nothing about such as a deaf child.
The short documentary video “Prisoners of Silence” focuses on neurodevelopmental disorders with a clear emphasis on autism. It further delves into the rather controversial method of treatment for autism known as facilitated communication, which was first developed in the early 1990s. The video follows the introduction and ultimately the downfall of such a treatment as controversy quickly ensues after a series of sexual abuse cases and ample scientific evidence are produced.
The 1930s was a tough time for all of the mentally ill people. They were not treated the way that they do now. The mentally ill were called names like satans child, or they were not expected or very frowned upon in many religions. So because of all of the people who were mentally ill they started to create asylums. With these asylums they could hold almost all of the mentally ill people during that time. All of the asylums were overcrowded and sometimes there would be around 1 million patients. WIth all of the people in these asylums the staff and doctors became very understaffed so the patients living within the asylums were not treated how they should have been. Then doctors had found ways that they thought could cure these mentally ill people, whether it would be cruel to them or not. The treatments ran from major brain surgery to taking baths for multiple days.
Genie was a locked up in her room by her father until she was 13 ½
From as far back as 500 B.C., people viewed those with hearing impairments as nonpersons and uneducable, and wrong perceptions and mistreatment continued for years (Avery). Today, mistreatment and overtly halting attitudes toward deaf people are mostly extinct, but stereotypes and discrimination still run rampant. Furthermore, not everyone was or is fortunate enough to have the support of possibilities Kisor did. A poem written by Stephen J. Bellitz in 1991 called “Thoughts of a Deaf Child” contrasts the first few chapters of What’s That Pig Outdoors?:
The Case of Temple Grandin paints a picture of a young woman’s determination and hard work while struggling with autism during a time when the disorder was unknown. This case discusses Grandin’s challenges, early diagnosis, growth and development in school, and support from her mother. Temple Grandin could not speak like the other children at the age of two, so because doctors could not find any physical issues she had been subsequently labeled as brain-damaged. To communicate with others, she would throw tantrums and scream. She could speak by three and a half years old with the help of speech therapy. A few years later at the age of five, Grandin was diagnosed with autism so her mother worked with her 30 minutes every day to keep her from being placed in an institution. At her aunt’s ranch, Grandin develops the “squeeze machine” a device used to apply pressure without being stimulating. Grandin excelles in school and receives her bachelor’s degree in psychology from Franklin Pierce College in 1970. After her graduation from college in 1970, Grandin attends Arizona State University where she earns a master’s degree in cattle in 1975. In 1989, Grandin earns her doctoral degree from the University of Urbana-Champaign in animal science. Grandin has never married, but she is proof that individuals with autism can lead productive and notable lives (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009).
It may be hard to believe, but Clerc didn’t attend school or learn to write until he was twelve years old. He didn’t have any means of communication or education until his uncle-godfather enrolled him in the Institut National des Jeune Sourds-Muets which was the first public school for the deaf in the world; becoming the model for many other schools for the deaf in the time to come. Clerc exceeded
Temple Grandin was born to Richard Grandin and Eustacia Cutler on August 29, 1947 in Boston, Massachusetts. From birth, her parents could tell that there was just something “different” about her. When Temple was two years old, she was diagnosed with “infantile schizophrenia,” also known as autism in today’s terms. Autism affects nearly 5 times more boys than girls. In fact, 1 in 54 boys, and 1 in 252 girls are diagnosed with autism. Due to Temple’s autism being very severe, the doctors told her parents that she was a “lost cause” and that she should just be shut up in a mental institution to live out the rest of her years. Temple’s parents would not stand for that. They tried to make the best of the situation by working with Temple each day. Temple was finally able to speak her first words when she was about three and a half years old.
On November 4, 1970 in Los Angeles, California Genie’s condition was brought to attention by a social worker. The worker discovered the 13-year old girl in a small, dimly lit, confined bedroom. An investigation by authorities exposed that the child had spent most of her life in this room and typically was tied to a potty chair. Genie was found in diapers because she was not potty trained. Her case is an example of extreme isolation from human contact, society, sunlight, and any other environments besides her room. The deprivation of attachment showed when she was timid to humans, almost afraid. Someone whose life was a developmental nightmare could not possibly be expected to have the basic trust that the world is trustworthy and predictable. The life she lived was incredibly horrifying as morals, and psychology portray just how severe the consequences were on Genie.
Kaplan, P. S., Bachorowski, J., Smoski, M. J., & Hudenko, W. J. (2002). Infants of depressed mothers, although competent learners, fail to learn in response to their own mothers' infant-directed speech. Psychological Science, 13(3), 268-271.
Gallaudet, at the request of Alice’s father Dr. Cogswell, left for England with the intentions of learning the “oral-only” method of teaching used at the Braidwood Academy of the deaf, a method that used speech training to generate sounds, but “the Braidwood family...
Tanguay, P.B. (2001). NLD-What is it?. Nonverbal Learning Disabilities at home: A parent’s guide. (14-23). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
On the nature side of the debate, every baby cried when they were trying to communicate to their caregiver. Crying is universal because it is the only way that babies can alert their caregiver that something is wrong. Furthermore, each baby cooed, babbled, and cried without prompting. Ponijao babbles when her mother pats her on the back because she likes the sound it makes. Bayar’s brother keeps putting a strip of fabric in his face, making him cry out of annoyance. Mari babbles and has a “conversation” with another baby on one of her visits to the park. Hattie also starts saying syllables on her own. However, nurture plays a huge role in language development as well. Each baby was read to, spoken to, sung to, or a mixture of the former. Without prompting from his mother, Bayar would not be able to copy the sounds that she makes to try to get him to speak. Hattie can say “no” and “uh oh”, which are English phrases. Her parents would have taught her how to say those words. In fact, her mother reads to her, and she imitates the sounds her mother makes while reading. This proves that without both heredity and environment, language would never develop in an infant. They need to have an inborn ability to quickly and easily learn vocabulary and grammar during the critical periods, but they also need to hear and interact with language in their
Parents are starting to catch on to the idea that a monolingual child may not have as many benefits as a bilingual child. In an interview with a parent of a bilingual child with autism, the father, Eugene Ryan, who now researches bilingual autistic children, explains how he went about deciding whether or not to raise his child to speak both Japanese and English. His concerns were that his son could be made fun of because he would be different for not speaking Japanese, because in Japa...
All the various experiments were most likely overwhelming and stressful for Genie, and could have been the major reason why she was never able to learn how to make sentences. I believe Genie was never really loved since she was always transferred to different foster homes. I also believe that if Genie stayed in one foster home, she could have been less overwhelmed and more capable of learning how to speak. Genie’s mother also viewed the experimentations on Genie as unethical and eventually sued children’s hospital for doing scientific research rather than providing therapy to rehabilitate her. Genie’s mother won the case, and further experimentations on Genie were no longer allowed. When experimentations were over, Genie went to her first foster home. At her fist foster home, she was intensely punished for vomiting. The experience of her getting punished was so traumatizing, that Genie needed to go back to Children 's