IntroIntroduction
Brazil is an influential democracy although the country continues to confront serious human rights challenges. The Amnesty International in its annual report from 2013 claims that grave human rights abuses against rural workers, communities citizens and indigenous people remain high. They are Brazilian cultural heritage as well as important part of the famous melting pot. Brazilian indigenous people have made substantial and pervasive contributions to the world's medicine with knowledge used today. Many have been forced from their land with little or no consultation and face persistent persecution. As deforestation companies move in to take advantage of the large area of space the Amazon offers, indigenous tribes that live in the forest are subject to violence. The attempt of this work is to analyse what kind of framework in Brazil gives the indigenous people rights, what kind of right are these and if the Brazilian government respects them.
Indigenous people in Brazil
There are almost 900,000 indigenous people living in Brazil, according to the 2010 census. Acoording to FUNAI (National Indian Foundation- responsible for protecting the interests, cultures, and rights of the Brazilian indigenous people) there are still 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil. The indigenous people live in all parts of the country. The regions are divided into 4 main groups:
I - Amazônia –states Amazonas, Pará, Mato Grosso, Maranhão, Tocantins, Rondônia, Acre, Roraima and Amapá;
II – Northeast and East- states Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Piauí, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe and Espírito Santo;
III – South and Southeast - states Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Rio de Janei...
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...nd while Brazil’s controversial hydro-electric dams programme will provide cheap energy to the mining companies it will destroy the lands and livelihoods of thousands of Indians.
Conclusion
International observers warn the influence of the landowners' lobby is once again on the rise. Organization like Amnesty International are calling for attention of supranational action as the history of abusing indigenous people repeats and Brazilian administration is not doing any progress in this issue. Brazil should be inspired by other Latinamerican nations like Peru that made the indigenous heritage important part of their culture and attraction for tourism. With rising potential of democracy of the country that has been seen last year there is a hope that Brazlian people will defend rights of the indigenous and won´t let other tribes to get closed to the extintion.
Slavery as it existed in colonial Brazil contained interesting points of comparison and contrast with the slave system existing in British North America. The slaves in both areas had been left with very little opportunity in which he could develop as a person. The degree to which the individual rights of the slave were either protected or suppressed provides a clearer insight to the differences between North American and Brazilian slavery. The laws also differed greatly between the two areas and have been placed into three categories: term of servitude, police and disciplinary powers, and property and other civil rights.
We must begin with Brazil’s history in order to understand the problem and how it came to exist. During the year 1500, Brazil was “discovered” by the Portuguese. The Portuguese saw the indigenous people as “savages” because they did not look or dress like Europeans. Hence, the idea that indigenous people are “savages” help influence the Portuguese that indigenous people need to be controlled and become more civilized. During the 16th century the Portuguese used “black” slaves to work in plantations to increase trading in Europe. After the year 1850 slave trade was abolished, but the Portuguese continued to bring slaves from Africa, illegally. Edward Eric Telles states, “Roughly three hundred years later, when the slave trade ended in 1850, 3.6 million African Americans had been brought to Brazil as slaves, ...
This policy memo addresses the development and expansion of the cattle ranching industry in Brazil, which has contributed to the mass deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon in the last 40 years. It exposes the regional and global consequences to deforestation and provides strategies for the Brazilian government to sustainably manage cattle ranching industries while protecting the future of the Amazon. The rainforest ecosystem is an immense reserve of natural recourses that is far more valuable than the beef produced on Brazilian cattle ranches. Not only does the rainforest create habitat for up to 65% of the world’s biodiversity, but when harvested sustainably, it provides humans with an abundance of spices, foods, oils, medicines and vital research areas (NEWMAN).
Racial identity is a complicated thing to examine when looking at the social politics of Brazil. The film Brazil in Black and White and Benedita da Silva’s book both tackle the issues of racial identity in similar manners. Brazil has the second highest black population in the world, following only Nigeria, yet Afro-Brazilians are heavily unrepresented in Brazilian education, government, and media. Benedita da Silva, being an Afro-Brazilian congresswoman faced these issues on a personal level and her criticisms are integral in understanding the marginalization of blacks in Brazil.
Introduction Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America. It is the 5th largest country worldwide in terms of both areas (more than 8.5 Mio. km2) and inhabitants (appr. 190 million).
Norther Brazil or costal city’s serving as ports for the exporting of commodities produced on the
The country of Brazil occupies nearly half of the South American continent with an estimated population of, 3 million square miles. Within Brazil lies the world's largest rainforest, the Amazon rainforest. Gold mining, the extraction of gold in a desired place, is very prevalent in the Amazon forest. The article “Blood Gold” sheds light on the illegal mining being carried out in the Amazon forest and how it negatively impacts the indigenous people of the land. Illegal mining is seen as somewhat profitable, bringing “more than a billion dollars a year”.
Afro Brazilians have had to deal with centuries of oppression. During these times, Afro-Brazilians have had to deal with various methods of oppression. Many of these methods have had effects so profound, they are still affecting many Brazilians till this day. Political oppression is one of the oldest methods known to man, along with forceful police force. Authoritarian rule also played a major role in the shaping of the country. Furthermore, an inept justice system will fail those who need justice the most. These four key modes will be objectively examined, as well as the efficacy of each of these repressive strategies, and the impact that they have had or still have in the Afro-Brazilian communities.
Brazil is located in Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It is slightly smaller than the U.S., with bordering countries Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, French Guyana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. It has many natural resources, including bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, and timber. The climate is tropical in the north, but temperate in the south. The terrain consists of mostly flat to rolling lowlands, with some plains, hills, mountains, and a narrow coastal belt. In recent years, environmentalists have become increasingly concerned over the future of the Amazon region, where human life has threatened the world's largest intact rain forest. Brasilia is the capital and main source of modern industry.
... laws, eradicate corruption and try to strictly secure whole Amazon with strict punishments for criminals. To be capable to do this, there must be vast advertisement program, which may interest a lot of people. There are limitations in research such as real condition and a number of indigenous people, because it is estimated that about 50 indigenous tribes are totally isolated from civilization and there are limitations in research in real condition of food and raw materials in supply chain of large companies. This is because any shoe, portion of beef or timber materials that we purchase every day can be illegally exported from Brazil and there must be strict control of global organizations. In addition, there are recommendations of subsequent surveys in improving agriculture and finding more sustainable nutrients which would allow using lands for longer period.
...e reformed to produce more efficient and less harmful means of using resources in the Amazon while also producing new industries to help stimulate these developing countries’ economies.
The construction of the Belo Monte Dam has social, economical and environmental impacts. As mentioned above, the environmental impacts weren’t fully assessed before the construction began and neither were the social impacts. The plans for this project did not include public involvement (Bratman 2014). There is a great deal of opposition going on in Brazil because this project violates human rights of the locals and indigenous communities that reside there. Due to the fact that it is still under construction, the full extents of the impacts have not been measured. However, there are general impacts of dam constructions in Brazil that can give us a better picture of what other potential affects it will have socially, economically or
Brazil’s government believes that by building this dam, they will aid to Brazil’s economy, at least that’s the reason they say they are building the dam. The Belo Monte Dam would become the world’s third largest hydroelectric project on one of the amazon’s major tributaries, the Xingu River. The reason I am against the building of this dam and any other dam is because of the many adverse effects it will have on the environment and because of how it will affect certain people. Stated on the article”Belo Monte Dam” written by Internations Rivers, “Many Brazilians believe that if Belo Monte is approved, it will represent a carte blanche for the destruction of all the magnificent rivers of the Amazon - next the Tapajós, the Teles Pires, then the Araguaia-Tocantins, and so on. The Amazon will become an endless series of lifeless reservoirs, its life drained away by giant walls of concrete and steel.”
If their lands get demolished, they will see us as a threat and most likely attack us. “An uncontacted Amazon tribe could be at risk as Brazil makes austerity-driven budget cuts and proposals for constitutional change affecting land…” (Watson - “Brazil budget cuts put uncontacted Amazon tribe at risk, say activists”). These tribes will become hostile to us if we continue to destroy their homes.
of the lands(PeaceNet). The report claims that, "in reality, most most indian lands whether demarcated or not are coveted for some form of development." This claim is substantiated by the fact that "mineral concessions have been made on fifty-eight percent of all demarcated indian lands, while thirteen percent are affected by hydroelectric projects," (PeaceNet) The link between global environmental change and the rights of indigenous populations results from the close relationship between indigenous people's cultural and economic situations and their environmental settings. Therefore, if the environment of the native Indians of Brazil continues to be changed and removed, the people born on these lands will be exterminated out of existence. Additionally, many societal views of the indigenous people is killing them. The Amnesty International report, as commented upon by PeaceNet cites one occasion in which a thirty-five year old Macuxi Indian by the name of Damiao Mendes was found lying face down on a muddy riverbank, shot in the neck. Nearby lay his nineteen year-old nephew, murdered by the same means.