This is a Havanese. The Havanese is the native dog of Cuba.
History!
After Columbus claimed Cuba for Spain in 1492 settlers began arriving on the island. With them came their small companion dogs - the ancestor of what’s now the bichon (be-shon) family of dogs. These dogs began to develop into the Havanese we know today. These dogs became trendy in Europe in the mid-1800’s, and Queen Victoria and Charles Dickens were among the dogs well known fans at the time. At one point the Havanese almost became extinct, even in its native Cuba. A few Cuban families still bred and kept the dogs, however, and with the Cuban Revolution in 1959, 11 Havanese were brought to the U.S. in the arms of their owners. These canine refugees are the ancestors
Rohter, Larry. "After the Visit: Mission Lies Now With Cuban Church." The New York Times. 27 Jan. (1998): A3.
Sacks, Jeffrey J., Leslie Sinclair, Julie Gilchrist, Gail C. Golab, and Randall Lockwood. “Breed of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States between 1979 and 1998.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 217.6 (2000): 836-840.
Racism played different roles before, and throughout the the Spanish American War when Cuba finally became an independent state. Theories argue that there was very little racism in Cuba, that racism was brought by the Americans; Aline Helg begged to differ in her book, Our Rightful Share, and so will the following argument.
The Afro-Cuban struggle for equality essentially began after the emancipation of the slaves in 1886. This struggle would continue until 1912, when a brutal government massacre ended their hopes of real equality. The Afro-Cuban struggle for equality was a key issue in Cuba’s fight for independence, as well as, Cuba’s fight to find its identity and character.
Jesus Colon, in “How to Know the Puerto Ricans,” makes a statement that I believe explains and articulates the effect centuries of exploitation has had on Puerto Rico, and on the identity of Puerto Ricans. He writes, “So when you come to knock at the door of a Puerto Rican home you will be encountered by this feeling in the Puerto Rican-sometimes unconscious in himself-of having been taken for a ride for centuries.”(Santiago, 71) This assertion is appropriate and logical in the sense that Puerto Rico was invaded, ruled, and exploited by the Spaniards from 1508 until July 1898 when the Spanish flag was lowered and the United States began its invasion. With the exclusion of the aristocrats, who were either directly from Spain or criollos , there was complete oppression in Puerto Rico during the time it was a Spanish colony. The history of Puerto Rico under Spanish rule is useful in understanding the formation of Puerto Rican identity and in understanding some of the literature written by Puerto Ricans regarding issues of identity.
The measures taken by Castro and explicitly stated by him at his trial in 1954, from the very beginning of his anti-Batista movement illustrate his initial desires to reform Cuba and ultimately increase its standard of living. Different understandings can be perceived by reading various books and documents that focus on the political changes shaping Cuba’s modern-day society. Each illustrates different aspects of the insurrection while simultaneously giving the reader an accurate depiction of the historical occurrences. Authors Perez-Stable and Patterson focus on the turbulent circumstances that lead Cuba through the various leaders, each with his own agenda trying to better the lives of Cuban citizens. In the speech given by Castro at his own trial entitled, "History Will Absolve Me", Castro outlines the ideologies and beliefs that justify his reasons for initiating his revolutionary movement against Fulgencio Batista. The document of the "Program Manifesto of the 26th of July Movement", gives a first-hand understanding of what Castro and his group of supporters were going to fight to achieve through a Revolution. Finally, one can understand the tribulations that these men overcame when reading through Guevara’s perspective found in his chapter titled, "One Year of Armed Struggle". By understanding how Castro’s movement began and how it evolved, one can note the key components of the changes and reforms being demanded of the Cuban government during the 1950’s.
Elyn Saks started the novel by describing Miami, Florida during the 1950’s. It’s post World War II and the city had an increase in Hispanic settlers. Historians now refer to cultural change in Florida as the Cuban Invasion. At this point, Florida had not yet become a popular destination for people to live year round. Rather, it was a vacation destination for northerners and senior citizens to escape the frigid winter months. Both of her parents were from the north and despite popular convention moved to Florida prior to knowing one another. Later they would meet while studying at the University of Florida.
...tion, including their initial evolution, their domestication, and the roles they played in human society throughout the ages. It is a relatively new book being published in 2010. Darcy Morey, the author of this book is a zooarchaeologist and focuses his research on the relationship between dogs and humans throughout time. He is a graduate of the University of Tennessee. This book is based on the authors own research and also refers to the information gathered by many other scientists, all of which are listed in the reference section of the book. As mentioned this book contains the results of research from many scientists and is beneficial for learning both general and more scientific knowledge on the subject. I would recommend it to anybody who is conduction a research on the topic. This book was found using I-Share using the search term the domestication of dogs.
The Cuban revolution was one that transformed Cuba into an independent socialist society. This revolution sent a message around the globe. The message: “ Socialism can be achieved and capitalism, with its culture stripping mechanism’s can be supplemented”. However, the revolution did leave its mark on Cuba. This can be seen in the events that took place during the early stages of the revolution. The effects of the revolution were positive for certain sections of the population and negative for others.
The Cuban Revolution, lasting from 1953 to 1959, imposed a communist regime onto a republic-turned dictatorial government, a change that resulted in the US trade embargo against Cuba in 1960. Fidel Castro, a prominent leader of the revolution, sought to overthrow the U.S.- backed president, Fulgencio Batista, in order to implement a communist government in Cuba. He proved victorious in this effort and further antagonized the U.S. by establishing a relationship with the Soviet Union. These developments compelled U.S. president Eisenhower to place an economic embargo on Cuba. This transformation in diplomatic relations placed Cuba in a perpetual state of poverty as it was cut off from its neighbor, the most powerful country in the world. Photographer
During the Cold War, the United States and Cuba had a rocky relationship. Turning to Communist rule after the overthrowing of Fulgencio Batista, many desperate Cubans lined up at the United States Embassy to get visas to leave their home country in hopes for a better life. According to Time Magazine’s article Why Did the U.S. and Cuba Sever Diplomatic Ties in the First Place?, “Castro later demanded that the two countries have the exact same number of staffers in their respective embassies (11), the U.S. brought its entire staff home instead” (Rothman). The United States Embassy closed its doors in Cuba early January 1961 with “…more than 50,000 visa applications on file…” (Rothman). This was also the end of all travel to the island. It has
Whether it 's for the music, people or food, Cuba is a popular and interesting place to visit. Cuba is located between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. At 42,426 square miles, Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean and the 105th largest country in the world. Cuba has a population of 11.1 million. Out of that 11.1 million, Havana is home to 2.1 million (Nation Facts). The official language of Cuba is Spanish, but English and French are spoken throughout the country. The most practiced religion of Cuba is Roman Catholicism, but a large number of people follow the Afro-Cuban and Protestant religions. The president of Cuba is currently Raúl Castro, which is Fidel Castro 's brother. The currency of Cuba is the Cuban peso (Cuba).
The year is 1959 and the place is Cuba. It is January 1st and Batista, the president of Cuba has just fled the country fearing Fidel Castro, a Cuban revolutionary who mounted a rebel force called the 26th of July Movement against Batista. Castro assumes power on the 16th of February and establishes a dictatorship. Communist Rule In Cuba So far, the Soviet leader, Khrushchev is in question of what political track Castro is deciding to take. Russia themselves have only one connection with Fidel which is his brother Raul who is no doubt a full communist. The Communist Party of Cuba at this time has no contacts with Castro quite yet. Unfortunately, Raul never showed his true feelings for communism to his brother, Fidel. This causes quite a predicament for the Soviet Union to make them seen and heard by Cuba. Smartly, Russia sends Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan, who held business contacts in the US, to the states as a guest of the Russian ambassador. Fidel hears of Mikoyan’s arrival in the US and invites him to visit Cuba. Although Mikoyan is traveling throughout the island, looking things over, Castro still has not identified himself as a Communist quite yet. In May of 1960, diplomatic relations between Russia and Cuba are established following Mikoyan’s visit to the island. One reason why Cuba has turned to Russia is because the US had cut off their oil supplies and imposed an economic embargo on the island because of the naturalization of US owned companies and citizens by the Cuban government. This calls for a massive oil shipment from the Soviets but unfortunately, Russia was unable to handle such a demand because of their limited overseas shipping capabilities. Subsequently, Russia puts an order for extra oil tankers from Italy, a capitalist country. When Italy agrees to the business proposition, the US is infuriated that another capitalist country was willing to help a communist country. Italy saw it as nothing more than an opportunity to make extra money, regardless of opposing economic systems. Back in Cuba, Castro has begun to make enemies for himself. The many policies he has instilled angered many who fought beside him in the revolution to overthrow Batista and many didn’t approve of the socialist reforms he made such as the naturalization of businesses and his collectivization of agriculture. Castro felt he needed protection against the United States and ...
Here Castro pinned Cuba and the rest of Latin America against the United States. Similar to Che he is positing that the people of Latin America will follow the Cuban Revolution and succeed in taking power in their own countries. As a result of the history of Cuba and many of these Latin American countries, the exploitation remark is a poignant one. Too many of these countries have a history of struggle with exploitation for their labor and natural resources, and in many of these countries they still struggle with this fact. He refers to the the U.S as an oligarchy which means a form of government where a few people are in power, usually referred to as wealthy elites (“Oligarchy, n”). It is no wonder than why the Castro would refer to the U.S and the Batista government as a regime. He also uses words like “Yankee monopolies” which . refer to the vast amount of influence the U.S had on the Cuban economy. The historical
Cuba became a Spanish colony after being discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Cuba gained independence from Spain in December 1898. The United States had extended rule to both Cuba and Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War of 1898. Under the Platt Amendment of 1901, the U.S. had many powers within the Cuban Constitution. The U.S. had the ability to interfere in Cuban affairs and to set up a naval base in Cuba, Guantanamo Bay, which is currently operational. The amendment limited Cuba's ability to run foreign policy. Cuba was technically independent from the U.S. in 1902, but foreign companies had already bought or began to purchase Cuban businesses which allowed the Americanization of many industries. This did not sit well