When people think of successful reforms or revolutions in Korean history, they rarely think of the end of the Chosun Dynasty as the likely part of history. Instead of the collapse of a Confucian Dynasty during the end of the 19th century, a reformation of an empire began, the Gwangmu Reform. Gwangmu reform formally began shortly after the proclamation of the Korean Empire (大韓帝國) in 1897. The reform lasted eight years until the Eulsa treaty (乙巳條約) with Japan in 1905; however, the practical start was much earlier. It is not an overstatement to say that it was as early as the late 1880s. Emperor Gojong (King Gojong at the time) tried in vain to modernize the country for several decades but did not succeed. Grander projects began after the proclamation of the Empire. Under the rule of Emperor Gojong (高宗), Korea was successful in the reform, ignoring neighbouring countries that oppressed and pressured the empire.
The Korean Empire succeeded in showing other countries that it was an independent country, rather than a subordinate state to China. First, Korea demolished the Yeungeun Gate (迎恩門) and made the Independence Gate (獨立門) on its site. The Yeungeun Gate was built during the Chosun Dynasty to welcome Chinese diplomats. Monarchs would meet them at that gate. The Independence Gate was modelled after the Arch of Triumph in Paris, France (Gate). The demolition of the Yeungeun Gate meant that the Korean Empire, unlike the formal Chosun, would not be a subordinate state to the Qing Dynasty. The construction of the Independence Gate was a monumental proclamation to the world upon the independence of the Korean Empire (Yi, Tokyo 156). A building with the same intent was built inside the walls of Seoul. The Nambeolgoong (南別宮) was also dem...
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...of logic and pen between professors was very interesting to watch. I have learnt both sides of the reform; as all events are, it too had negative aspects. I will cite this as “Gojong”.
Yun, Young Chan. "A National Intelligence Agency Present during the Gojong
Era." The Dong-A Ilbo [Seoul] 7 Nov. 1998, 45th ed., sec. 24033: 5. Print.
This is proof that there was a national intelligence agency, similar with the ones of today, with specific missions given, was present during the Korean Empire. The article is about two paragraphs. It’s about the national intelligence service showing the national assembly that their origin came from the Korean Empire. The proof was a videotape taken by a professor who showed a book that was the laws and rules for agents in the secret service. The professor was Tae-jin, Yi. The book was Jaegookyikmoonsaebibojangjung (帝國益聞社秘報章程).
.... “The Commonwealth in Korea”. HistoryToday November 1998: 11. HistoryToday Archives. Web. 26 May 2014
Korea had been united as one country for many years. Japan took control of Korea and made it part of its empire. After World War II, Japan was defeated and its empire fell. Korea was left without a leader or a system of government. This provoked the United States troops to occupy the southern half and Soviet troops to occupy the northern half. The United States and its allies favored democratic government, while the Soviet Union and China favored a communist system of government.
Japan was imperializing late nineteenth century to early twentieth century. Korea was a Japanese colony. After World War II, the Japanese had to get rid of the colony. North Korea became a Communist. South Korea wants to be democratic.
Major changes in political structure, social and economic life define the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Each period laid the foundation for the next, with changes and improvements to create a new order.
During the history of ancient China, around 500 B.S.Ec., the Chinese begin to go through a crisis. The original order established in the civilization was long gone, and a change was needed. Something had to be done, in order to get the order restored in china. Chinese thinkers looked for ways to change their empire in order to reestablish order to their empire. In the chaotic China civilization, several different answers arouse to solve the problem, which ultimately changed China for the better. The three primary solutions were the concepts Legalist, Confucianism, Daoism.
Today, Japanese and Korean civilizations are advanced, wealthy, and independent with their own system of government and religious beliefs due to the influences from China. The majority of Asia experienced changes in government and dealt with inter and intra state conflicts when the countries were most susceptible to influences from alliances made with other countries. The Tang Dynasty/ Silla alliance shaped the future of Korea’s religious and government movements. Art and literature from China also greatly impacted Korea’s and Japan’s society and provided new insight into literary expression through new forms of poetry and a new system of writing. Religion was also a major influence because of popularity and acceptance of new views and beliefs. Agriculture played an important role in the development of Korean and Japanese civilizations because new tools and forms of irrigation led to more efficient harvesting. The bulk of Chinese influence impacted Japanese society through the Heian period and Korea was heavily influenced by Chinese culture during the period when Silla unified Korea. Although there were many factors of Chinese culture that influenced Korean and Japanese civilizations, religion and government legislation had the most impact.
This response will focus on the key issue of fragmentation. In his book Korea’s Twentieth-Century Odyssey, Michael E. Robinson wrote “Multiple interest groups resided within the bureaucracy and even divided the royal house” (p. 16). Arguably, Korea’s sovereignty was lost in large part, due to the lack of unity among different groups and faction. It was clear from the readings that some Korean individuals and groups prioritized their self-interests above their own country’s benefit. Nowhere was this most evident then the issue of national security.
Koreans were under Japanese rule for a long time. It was officially signed as a colony on August 22, 1910, but Japanese had been planning this annexation from 1876 the Japanese-Korea treaty of amity. Japanese plan of annexation started with this treaty. This treaty allowed Japanese to come to Korean harbors freely and this marked the end of Korea’s status as a protectorate of China. Also later on October 8th, 1895, Japanese minister Miura Goro plotted the assassination of Empress Myeongseong. With the assassination, Japanese were able to control the economy and military power and made the Koreans sig...
Korea gained independence from Japanese colonial rule in August of 1945 and also the division of Korea into the republic south and communist north in the 38th parallel. South Korea then was under the United States occupation from l945-48. Before the United States occupation South Korea had already organized a central People’s committees and established the Korean People of Republic (Memorial Foundation). Nevertheless, United States did not recognize any of the provisional or republic government. The United States refused to do so until there had been an agreement among the western allies. In 1954, there was a Mutual Security Agreement signed between the United States and South Korea, which states that they agreed to defend each other in the event of outside aggression (Memorial Foundation). South Korea has been under military authoritarian regime from 1961-1979 under President Park Chung Hee and from 1980-1992 under President Chun Doo Hwan. The Kwangju uprising occurred in May of 1980 after the collapse of the first milit...
Ancient China was one of the earliest places of human civilization. The country’s history could be described as a series of dynasties each ruled by emperors. The Han dynasty set the pattern for Chinese history by causing growth in the economy and the promotion of Confucianism as the state philosophy. The Qing dynasty was ruled by Empress Wu, but a rebellion during this dynasty ended the dynasty reign. This led to China in the 20th century which includes the Treaty of Versailles, the People’s Republic of China, and, most importantly, Communism. Sun Yat-Sen, who created the Republic of China in 1912, entered alliance with the new Comm...
Madison Park. "'Abundant evidence' of crimes against humanity in North Korea, panel says." 2014. 19 Feb. 2014
The book I chose for this book review assignment is titled Korea Old and New: A History by author Carter J. Eckert along with other contributing authors Ki-baik Lee, Young Ick Lew, Michael Robinson and Edward W. Wagner. The book is published at Korea Institute, Harvard University in 1990. The book consists of 418 pages and it is more of a survey of Korean history and reference type of book, rather than selected readings on modern Korean politics. I chose this book because it is a complete survey of Korean history from the ancient Choson period up to the economic boom of the 1990's, a span of over 2000 years. Each chapter covers a different period, but they all share the same organization of describing the social, cultural, political, philosophical and scholarly aspects of the period in respective subsections. This made it easier to later refer to previous chapters and compare different periods in order to learn the comprehensive history of Korea.
The invention of 'han-gul', the Korean alphabet, planned and directed by the king, is an achievement that no Korean can overlook. Koreans should show appreciation to him that they can express their language with an effective writing system. The invention of han-gul alone is enough to place Sejong as a historical figure for the nation. Sejong moreover believed that a king was morally obligated to ensure the common people's basic lives. He also thought that he should refine their lifestyle through Confucian enlightenment. After his tenth year in power, he came up with methods to promote agriculture as a means of providing adequate food and clothing for his people.
When there was still Japanese imperialism and Korea was a Japanese colony, Japan forced many terrible things upon Korea. The annexation of Korea, which finished in 1910, was met with little response or resistance from the international world and Korea respectively. Their rule was suppressive. Korea became completely dependent on Japan for its economy. Things like ports were made for military use and while Japan built bridges, dams, and hallways in Korea, their original purpose was for the military and to make Japan look powerful. Throughout the period, 1910 to 1945, there were rebellions but they were quickly demolished by the Japanese. In 1919, there was a revolt with almost 2 million supporters and in the end, thousands to get killed ...
...ussions on Japan’s history, we can now understand why Japan’s emperor remains a significant figurehead in modern Japanese society. Finally, due to our examination of Korea’s colonized past; we now have a clearer indication as to the reason behind their modern day divide.