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Hitler's totalitarian rule
Post world war i germany
Hitler's totalitarian rule
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Case Study: The Grudge Informer case
This case concerns the Nazis where Hitler government is ruling Germany. In 1944 a German soldier visited his wife and conveyed privately of his disapproval of Hitler. Shortly after his departure, his wife who had “turned to other men” reported his remarks to the local leader of the Nazi party to get rid of him. At that time, such remarks would had resulted death sentence. Instead of being executed, he was imprisoned for a while and later was sent to the front again. After the collapse of Nazi regime, the wife was brought to trial and her defense is that her husband’s statements constituted a crime under the Nazi laws then in force.
This Nazi law is what known as bad law by Professor Hart. However to him,
The ‘Night and Fog Decree’ was issued by Adolf Hitler on December 7th 1941. The ‘Night and Fog Decree’ (Nacht und Nebel Erlass) bypassed all forms of basic law and was an order from Hitler to his secret police to murder anyone in Nazi Germany and occupied Europe who was deemed to be
Male homosexuality was illegal under Paragraph 175 of the Criminal Code; however the Nazis wanted to rid society of homosexuality. Prior to 1933 this code was largely ignored throughout Germany, because the act of homosexuality was difficult to prove. On June 28th, 1933, a guy violated the code. When the Nazi party came into power, they decided to keep and update the code. According to the updated code, homosexual men could be punished in prison for up to ten years. A man could be arrested for lewd behavior towards another male or animals. This was punishable by imprisonment and loss of all civil rights.
It is evident that regular Germans willingly, almost gaily, took part in the torment as well as mass killing of Jews during WWII (Rensmann 179). It comes out they were not mainly members of the Nazi Party, other than entirely common Germans (Rensmann 182). These normal citizens conveyed merely as much pain along with anguish as whichever Nazi associate, and have to be exposed on behalf of everyone who was killed in consequence of Hitler’s ultimate solution. Even though she was in agreement with the final judgment of the court, that is, that Surname Eichmann is supposed to be predestined to loss, she argued with the reasoning suggested at the court-trial as well as with the display of the court-trial itself (Arendt 201).
...h Himmler. In this way an odd system of insulation was created. These crimes, these murders of millions, were all carried out in absentia, as if by no one in particular" (Griffin 435).
If you have been in a History class you have probably heard of an event that happened after World War Two called the Nuremberg Trials. These trials were conducted by the United States. Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson was appointed to lead the trials (Berenbaum). During these trials they charged with Crimes against the Peace, War crimes and Crimes against Humanity (Berenbaum). Many major Nazi leaders committed suicide before officials could hang them or before even being caught. The famous Doctor Goebbels killed his children then him and his wife committed suicide (Berenbaum). Only twelve out of the twenty-two who stood trial were hanged, twelve, while the rest just got prison time. Besides major Nazi officials, Physicians were put on trial, the people who were part of the mobile killing squads, Concentration camp officials, Judges and Executives who sold concentration camps Zyklon B. You can expect that they had many excuses, but m...
Synopsis – Hitler’s Willing Executioners is a work that may change our understanding of the Holocaust and of Germany during the Nazi period. Daniel Goldhagen has revisited a question that history has come to treat as settled, and his researches have led him to the inescapable conclusion that none of the established answers holds true. Drawing on materials either unexplored or neglected by previous scholars, Goldhagen presents new evidence to show that many beliefs about the killers are fallacies. They were not primarily SS men or Nazi Party members, but perfectly ordinary Germans from all walks of life, men who brutalized and murdered Jews both willingly and zealously. “They acted as they did because of a widespread, profound, unquestioned, and virulent anti-Semitism that led them to regard the Jews as a demonic enemy whose extermination was not only necessary but also just.”1 The author proposes to show that the phenomenon of German anti-Semitism was already deep-rooted and pervasive in German society before Hitler came to power, and that there was a widely shared view that the Jews ought to be eliminated in some way from German society. When Hitler chose mass extermination as the only final solution, he was easily able to enlist vast numbers of Germans to carry it out.
However, these people were guilty for failing to protest Hitler’s murderous intentions and policies while there was still time, and for this, they should be ashamed. Bibliography: Bibliography Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah. Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996 Pagination Complete Pagination: 622 pages Map Pagination: 8 maps appear throughout the text.
"While fighting for victory the German soldier will observe the rules for chivalrous warfare. Cruelties and senseless destruction are below his standard" , or so the commandment printed in every German Soldiers paybook would have us believe. Yet during the Second World War thousands of Jews were victims of war crimes committed by Nazi's, whose actions subverted the code of conduct they claimed to uphold and contravened legislation outlined in the Geneva Convention. It is this legislature that has paved the way for the Jewish community and political leaders to attempt to redress the Nazi's violation, by prosecuting individuals allegedly responsible. Convicting Nazi criminals is an implicit declaration by post-World War II society that the Nazi regime's extermination of over five million Jews won't go unnoticed.
The Holocaust began in 1933 when the Nazis instigated their first action against the Jews by announcing a boycott of all Jewish-run businesses. The Nuremberg Laws went into place on September 15, 1935 which began to exclude the Jews from public life. These laws went to the extent of stripping German Jews of the citizenship and then implemented a prohibition of marriage between the Jewish and the Germans. These laws set the legal precedent for further anti-Jewish legislation. Over the next several years, even more laws would be introduced. Jews would be excluded from parks, fired from civil service jobs, required to register all property and restricted Jewish doctors from practicing medicine on any person other than Jewish patients.
The Nazi regime, beginning in 1924 and moving through till 1945, accomplished the perversion of an entire peoples’ principle through the sustained and all-encompassing use of propaganda. Without outside influence the German people were exposed to an influx of Nazi co-ordinated information that perpetrated no views but their own; the acceptance of views by those around them prevented free-will through a semi-national belief in the ideology of one party.
Ordinary men have the capacity to commit extraordinary crimes and on April 11, 1961, Adolf Eichmann, an ordinary looking man, faced trial for the murder of five million Jews. Adolf Eichmann served in the Nazi party as their expert on Jewish matters. During the Nuremberg trials that took place years before Eichmann’s trial, many witnesses testified to the control Eichmann had over the implementation of the final solution. SS Captain Wisliceny worked under Eichmann in Hungary in 1944 and he proclaimed that Eichmann said, “he would jump into his grave laughing, because of the feeling that he had five million people on his conscience, gave him extraordinary satisfaction’” (48). Also, Eichmann worked with the members of Jewish councils, and they claimed in earlier trials that he had a direct hand in the “Jewish Question” (49).
Adolf Hitler’s power was at its’ apex, and everyone was too intimidated by his violence to speak up. In Hitler’s Nazi Germany, and Mussolini’s Fascist Italy, doing anything that could be remotely interpreted as treasonous, from buying from a Jewish vendor, to openly protesting, could have you killed. Many citizens knew that what their “leader” was doing was immoral and wrong. However, they had no other choice but to openly obey, and quietly discuss what to do to escape. These manipulative leaders knew exactly what to do to discourage their citizens from acting out, and inveighing against them. As a final assertion of his absolute, but ephemeral power, Hitler organized Kristallnacht, or “The Night of Broken Glass”, where his Nazi soldiers destroyed Jewish stores, ransacked and pilfered the shops’ goods, burned synagogues to the ground, and killed over 100 German Jewish citizens. After Kristallnacht, more Jewish aides began to surface, non-Jewish Germans willing to secretly risk their lives to defend the innocent. The Germans did not go as far as the Italians,
During World War II, Germans responded to conflict negatively, which only resulted in destruction and death. Adolf Hitler encouraged the Germans to respond to their troubled times in negative ways. The Germans learned to point their fingers at Jews and blamed them for their problems. They began to treat them in inhumane ways. The result of Germany’s actions was severe but well deserved. Those who were responsible for the brutal war crimes were sentenced to death.
Hans Kelsen, Collective and Individual Responsibility in International Law with Particular Regard to the Punishment of War Criminals, 31 Cal. L. Rev. 530 (1943); http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol31/iss5/3; accessed on 19-03-1014
The Nuremberg Trials was unethically run and violated the rights of the Nazi leaders who were convicted of committing crimes against humanity. Primarily because the Allies sought to use the trials as a way to remind the Germans, who won the war ‘again’. Thus making it similar to the Treaty of Versailles in (19- ), through implying this notion of “Victors’ Justice”. Nevertheless, the Allies did to an extent ‘try’ to make the tribunal as ethical as possible,