The Great Pyramid: Largest Pyramid in the World

The Great Pyramid: Largest Pyramid in the World

The great pyramid was built during the reign of Khufu, 2nd king of the

fourth dynasty (2,720-2,560 BC). It stands on the Giza plateau nearby

Cairo and is the biggest pyramid in the world. It measures 230 m (756 ft)

on each side of its base and originally measured 147 m (482 ft) high.

Beginning in the 10th century AD the entire Giza complex served as a

source of building materials for the construction of Cairo; as a result,

all three pyramids were stripped of their original smooth outer facing of

limestone.

The core masonry consists of large blocks of local limestone taken from

the nearby quarries and built around and over a rocky knoll. The size of

the knoll cannot be determined, since it is completely covered by the

pyramid. The entrance to the pyramid is in the center of the northern face.

It is located in the thirteenth course of masonry from the base. This

entrance has a pointed roof formed of massive slabs of local limestone and

opens into a long steeply descending passage. From there a 36 meters long

ascending passage leads to a 35 meters long horizontal passage that leads

to the so called 'Queen's chamber'. This chamber measures 5.2 by 5.7

meters and the maximum height of its pointed roof is about 15 meters. The

north and south walls each have a small hole a few centimeters square

about 1 meter from the floor. These lead into narrow channels that

originally opened on the exterior of the pyramid. At the juncture of the

ascending and horizontal passage is an opening of a shaft which descends

to a depth of 60 meters. It opens into the lower part of the descending

passage, close to the unfinished, underground chamber, and is believed to

have been an escape shaft for the workmen who filed the ascending passage

with huge stones after the king's funeral.

From the horizontal passage the Grand Gallery, which leads to the king's

chamber, starts. It is 47 meters long and 8.5 meters high, and has a

corbelled roof. In the center of the floor is a sunken ramp about 60

centimeters deep. The Grand Gallery ends in a horizontal granite passage

which serves as an antechamber. It measures 8.4 meters long and 3.1 meters

high, and has slots for three portcullises. Beyond the antechamber is the

so-called 'King's Chamber' which is lined, roofed and paved with red

granite. It measures 5.2 by 10.8 meters and is 5.8 meters high.