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Strengths and weaknesses of personality theories
Strengths and weaknesses of personality theories
Strengths and weaknesses of personality theories
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"Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristics behavior and though" (Allport, 1961, p. 28).There is an entire field of study is dedicated to understanding the genetic components of personality. This field of study is called behavioral genetics. The goal of behavioral genetics is to discover the genes that affect our behavior. It is a slow and complex process because these genes have to be identified. The interactions that take place between these genes must be understood and environmental effects must be taken into account. There are three common research methods in behavioral genetics and these are family studies, twin studies and adoption studies. Family studies …show more content…
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McCrae RR, Costa PT., Jr . Toward a new generation of personality theories: Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In: Wiggins JS, editor. The five-factor model of personality. New York: Guilford; 1996. pp. 51–87.
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McCrae RR, Costa PT., Jr . The Five-Factor theory of personality. In: John OP, Robins RW, Pervin LA, editors. Handbook of personality: Theory and Research. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2008. pp. 159–181.
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Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth.
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five factor theory is a fairly recent proposal and has its basis in earlier work,
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Personality can be defined as an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. Many personality theorists have put forward claims as to where personality is derived from and how it develops throughout an individual’s life. The two main personality theories this essay will be focusing on is the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986) and the Trait Theory – Five Factor Theory (FFT) (McCrae and Costa, 1995). The SCT allocates a central role to cognitive, observational learning and self-regulatory processes (Bandura, 1986). An individual’s personality develops through experiences with their sociocultural environment. Whereas the Trait Theory proposes that all individuals are predisposed with five traits (Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) which determines our personality. This theory also puts forward that personality is stable and cannot change as it’s biologically determined.
Later research attempted to reduce Cattell’s sixteen “source traits” to five universal personality dimensions resulting in what is now known as “The Big Five Personality Factors.” (Costa & McCrae, 2006; Noftle & Fleeson, 2010)
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2005). Theories of Personality. Thomson Wadsworth: California, US.
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009). Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
There are four major theories that attempt to describe personality: the psychoanalytic theory, the five-factor model, the humanistic theory, and the social learning theory. The psychoanalytic and social learning model theories both dominated personality psychology throughout the first half of the 1900’s. Later, the humanistic and big five theories arose and brought about new ideas. Each theory is important to analyze, as each has its advantages and disadvantages.
The purpose of this report is to provide answers to the questions presented in the research project in the Rasmussen general psychology class. The first question ask was what are the five personality traits according to the prominent five factor model. According to the psychology.suite101 website (Pawlik-Kienlen, 2007) the big five personality traits are as follows:
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Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed). Boston , MA, USA: Pearson
Personality is the study of an individual’s unique and relatively stable patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving over time and across situations and it is what distinguishes one individual from another. In the past changes in personality were thought to have only occurred in the developmental stages of childhood and solidifies in adolescence. After the teenage years it was thought to be set like plaster or the change seen to be inconsequential or absent( Srivastava, John, Gosling, and Potter, 2003). However, recent studies have suggested that changes in personality traits continue to occur throughout an individual’s lifespan due to multiple reasons.