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David Cutcliffe’s Pre Game Speech Applying Cicero’s Five Cannons of Rhetoric
The five canons of rhetoric, first introduced in Cicero’s, “De Oratore,” are important in the organization and prowess of oral or written forms of rhetoric, along with being demanding for the success of speeches and presentations. Cicero’s five cannons can be applied to the rhetorical situation surrounding the pre game speech given by Duke’s Head football coach, David Cutcliffe. Coach Cutcliffe was inspiring his team with an arousing speech before they took the field against the University of the Cincinnati Bearcats in the Belk Bowl of 2012 (ACC Digital Network, 2012). Cutcliffe’s use of the five cannons of rhetoric, presented by Cicero: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery are crucial to the make-up and impact the speech had for his players. According to the reading, “De Oratore,” good speakers need to have a grasp of knowledge in order to pass on what they are saying to their audience or listeners. Essentially, the five cannons of rhetoric bring an understanding and knowledge to every speech or presentation. They allow this text, “De Oratore,” to use an individual’s perspective to determine the value of whether Coach Cutcliffe’s speech uses all five of Cicero’s cannons while utilizing ethos, pathos, or logos.
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Duke is not formally known for its football, but rather its exceptional basketball team. After a long road of rebuilding the program’s football team, the players, along with Coach Cutcliffe get a chance to, after a winning season, represent their school in the Belk Bowl vs. the University of the Cincinnati Bearcats (ACC Digital Network, 2012). It is custom for the head football coach of a team to give an inspiring pre g...
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...effective usage of rhetoric (Mckay & Mckay, 2011). Therefore, Cicero and his implication of the five cannons of rhetoric in making a good speech can still be used today to make a speech worthy of persuading, informing, or listening too.
References
ACC Digital Network (2012, December 27). Duke Coach Cutcliffe's Rousing Speech.
Retrieved March 25, 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHYJpt7EF4g Cicero. In (1971). P. Bizzel & B. Herzberg (Eds.), The Rhetorical Tradition
(2nd ed., pp. 283-343). Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martins.
McKay, B., & McKay, K. (2011, May 04). Classical rhetoric 101: The five canons of rhetoric.
Retrieved from http://www.artofmanliness.com/2011/05/04/canon-of-delivery/
Olson, Annie. “An Introduction to Rhetoric.” Le Tourneau U, May 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2011.
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Rhetoric is the use of words, through speech or writings, for the sake of persuasion and argument. The name Aristotle is known around the world. He is one of the most famous philosophers throughout history. Aristotle introduced to us the concept of the Rhetorical Triangle and three Rhetorical Appeals in order to apply structure to persuasion and argument. The Rhetorical Triangle, consists of the audience, the author, and the text, or message. Each Rhetorical Appeal corresponds to a point of the triangle. Logos, which is Greek for words, follows logic and applies to the text. The Greek word for character is ethos, it refers to credibility applies to the authority of the author to speak on the given subject.
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In Plato’s Gorgias, Socrates discusses the nature and uses of rhetoric with Gorgias, while raising moral and philosophical perspective of rhetoric. Socrates believes that rhetoric is a kind of false knowledge whose purpose is to produce conviction, and not to educate people about the true extent of knowledge (Plato 15). On the other hand, Gorgias argues that the study of rhetoric is essential in any other professional fields, in order to provide an effective communication (Plato 19). After their discussion of rhetoric, Socrates seems to understand the true extent of rhetoric better as compared to Gorgias, as he is able to use rhetoric appeals as a device to dominate the conversation. During their discussion, Socrates seems to have use rhetorical appeals, such as ethos appeal and pathos appeal to connect and convince the crowd of audiences, and logos appeal to support his claims. His speeches seems to have shown sarcastic aspects and constantly asking questions in order to keep Gorgias busy, at the same time preparing an ambush. Since rhetoric is the art of effective communication through the form of speaking and writing, with the appropriate knowledge and virtue, it can be used for good purposes. On the other hand, rhetoric also can be used as an act of conviction because rhetorical appeals can be defined as an act of persuasion as well. Learning the true extent of rhetoric can help an individual strengthen their verbal communication skills. Socrates uses rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos and logos appeal to win his argument against Gorgias, as he is able to get the audiences’ attention through rhetoric and cornered Gorgias into revealing the true extent of rhetoric.
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In this chapter, Heinrichs explains Cicero’s five canons of persuasion: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. These techniques should be used in any speech or presentation and are very applicable in varied parts of my life: social, academic, team environments. I believe that the most important are invention; the materials for the speech, and style; proper language, clearness, vividness, decorum. Personally, I consider style and delivery to be my strengths, but on the other hand, these two techniques can be so enhanced by effective invention and arrangement. The author creates an essential rule of thumb of “Ethos first. Then Logos. Then Pathos.” that was mentioned in the first chapter. I am going to strive to remember this ordering as an underlying outline in my speech and writing: Introduction, Narration, Division, Proof, Refutation, and Conclusion. The author also mentions the ideal voice has volume, stability and flexibility, which I interpret as a tone that can be used in my future writing. Overall, the chapter, Give a Persuasive Talk, provides realistic and understandable tools for successful