Summary of evidence:
The evidence in all three sources discusses the Women’s Movement, the Anti-Vietnam War Movement and The Montgomery Bus Boycott that changed the equality, democracy and racial segregation in western countries during the 1950s to 1970s.
Source 1 shows how women fought for equality.
Source 2 shows how the Anti-Vietnam War Movement changed the democracy.
Source 3 shows that Rosa Parks refused to move for a white male and how the Montgomery Bus Boycott started to end racial segregation.
Evaluation of sources:
Source 1:
This source is very accurate. It is a reliable source as it was an extract from a book written by Anna Coote and Beatrix Campbell, Sweet Freedom: The Struggle for Women’s Liberation, London, 1982, page 15. This source clearly shows the position that women were in and how inferior they were treated in the workplace.
Source 2:
Source 2 is a reliable source to use. It was prepared as a history lesson; therefore the facts are very accurate. It shows all the mass protests that happened in different cities to show how the people felt about the U.S government getting involved in the Vietnam War. It also provides all the dates that the mass protests to do with the Vietnam War happened. This source is not biased. It only states the facts.
Source 3:
This source is an excellent source. It is an extract from the biography of Rosa Parks. It is a primary source, therefore it is reliable. It is about Rosa Parks, who was physically part of the boycott. It is very accurate and reliable, because it states exactly what happened to her when she refused to move for a white male. It also clearly shows how the Montgomery Bus Boycott started and what an impact it had on the segregation laws.
Introduction:
To what exte...
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...ct was passed by congress. Black mayors were elected and the number of black voters increased.
Passive resistance was shown by many people as Anti-Vietnam War protests continued. All of these acts that were passed by Congress were due to mass protests.
Conclusion:
All the sources provide clear evidence of how mass protests changed the equality, racial segregation and democracy of western countries during the 1950s to 1970s. All of these mass protests definitely to a great extent changed equality, racial segregation and the democracy of western countries. Mass protests have a massive effect on the government.
Reflection:
I am personally amazed to see what great impact mass protests have on the government. It was interesting to see how mass protests were able to change the equality, democracy and racial segregation in western countries during the 1950s to 1970s.
James A. Baldwin once said, “The most dangerous creation of any society is the man who has nothing to lose” (BrainyQuote.com). In the 1960s, “the man” was youth across the country. The Vietnam war was in full force, and students across the country were in an outrage. Society needed an excuse to rebel against the boring and safe way of life they were used to; Vietnam gave them the excuse they needed. Teenagers from different universities came together and formed various organizations that protested the Vietnam war for many reasons. These reasons included protesting weapons and different tactics used in the war, and the reason the U.S. entered the war in the first place. These get-togethers had such a monumental impact on their way of life that it was famously named the Anti-War Movement. When the Vietnam War ended, The United States did not have a real concrete reason why; there were a bunch of theories about why the war ended. Through negative media attention and rebellious youth culture, the Anti-War Movement made a monumental impact in the ending of the Vietnam War.
In the book, Colaiaco presents the successes that Dr. King achieves throughout his work for Civil Rights. The beginning of Dr. King’s nonviolent civil rights movements started in Montgomery, Alabama when Rosa Parks refused to move for a white person, violating city’s transportation rules. After Parks was convicted Dr. King, who was 26 at the time, was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). “For 381 days, thousands of blacks walked to work, some as many as 12 miles a day, rather than continue to submit to segregated public transportation” (18). This boycott ended up costing the bus company more than $250,000 in revenue. The bus boycott in Montgomery made King a symbol of racial justice overnight. This boycott helped organize others in Birmingham, Mobile, and Tallahassee. During the 1940s and 1950s the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) won a series of cases that helped put it ahead in the civil rights movement. One of these advancements was achieved in 1944, when the United States Supreme Court banned all-white primaries. Other achievements made were the banning of interstate bus seating segregating, the outlawing of racially restraining covenants in housing, and publicly supporting the advancement of black’s education Even though these advancements meant quite a lot to the African Americans of this time, the NAACP’s greatest accomplishment came in 1954 with the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Brown vs. Board of Education case, which overturned the Plessy vs.
As a rule, the United States is associated with the American dream and the freedom that belongs to every human being regardless of gender, color, and even sexual orientation. However, the true face of the state built on democratic and liberal values is far from being perfect. The Movement for Civil Rights and civilian protests against the Vietnam War are the results of a discriminatory policy of the USA. Both movements had a common mechanism of beginning. Over time, people's discontent was growing gradually and finally exploded in a series of protests. Both movements have been successful using similar methods. In addition, a key role in achieving success were the highly motivated activists.
One of the most significant societal movements during the 1960s was the Civil Rights movement, a coalition lead by many that voiced strong opposition to the war in Vietnam. Martin Luther King Jr was a huge voice for civil liberties, and according critic Mark Barringer, “Martin Luther King Jr openly expressed support for the antiwar movement on moral grounds…asserting that the war was draining much-needed resources from domestic programs”(Barringer 3). Martin Luther King Jr had a profound effect on the 1960s civil rights movement. He was eventually assassinated for his invo...
(3) Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955): After the supreme court decided to end segregation, African Americans started to speak out more about their racial opinions. In Montgomery, Alabama, a bus boycott ended with a victory for the African Americans. The Supreme Court ruled that the Alabama segregation laws were unconstitutional. During the boycott a young African American Baptist minister, Martin Luther King, Jr. became well known. Throughout the long contest he advised African Americans to avoid violence no matter had badly provoked by whites. Rosa Parks tired of sitting in the back of the bus, and giving up her seat to white men. One weary day she refused to move from the front of the bus, and she became one of history's heroes in the Civil Rights Act movement.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott can be viewed as a symbol of the Civil Rights Movement as a whole, as neither one’s success was due solely to the work of the political system; a transformation in the consciousness of America was the most impactful success of both. Passionate racism ran in the veins of 1950s America, primarily in the south, and no integration law would influence the widespread belief that African Americans were the same level of human as Caucasians. The abolition of racism as a political norm had to start with a unanimous belief among blacks that they had power as American citizens; once they believed that to be true, there was no limit to the successes they could see.
The 1960s was a period well remembered for all the civil rights movements that occurred during that time frame and the impact these movements had on the social and political dynamics of the United States. The three largest movements that were striving in the 1960s were the African American civil rights movement, the New Left movement and the feminist movement. These three movements were in a lot of ways influenced by each other and were very similar in terms of their goals and strategies. However, within each of these movements there were divisions in the way they tried to approach the issues they were fighting against. Looking at each of these movements individually will reveal the relationship they all share as well as the changes that were brought forth as a result of each groups actions.
understand is that the systems put in place in that era still effect black Americans, and racial issues were
...he South were. This became an international embarrassment, which urged the President to act immediately. In 1958, the Supreme Court declared that separate wasn't equal, and that school were to be desegregated. This is a prime example of how peaceful protest got things done. The kids who tried to go to school were acting very passive and didn't show aggression towards the crowd that threatened them.
Rosa Parks was a member of the NAACP, lived in Montgomery Alabama, and rode the public bus system. In the south, during this time the buses were segregated which meant that black people had to ride in the back of the bus behind a painted line. White people entered the front of the bus and were compelled to sit in front of the painted line. Most buses at the time had more room for white riders who used the service less than the black ridership. Yet, they could not cross the line even if the seats in the front were empty (Brown-Rose, 2008). Rosa Parks made a bold statement when she sat in the “white section” of a Montgomery bus. She was asked to surrender her seat to a white man, but she did not move and was soon arrested. Her brave action started the Montgomery bus Boycott, with the help of the NAACP, none other than Dr. Martin Luther King’s leadership as part of the Montgomery Improvement Association. As its President, he was able spread the word quickly which brought national attention to the small town of Montgomery’s bus Boycott. The boycott was televised and brought so much attention that the United States Supreme Court ruled that segregation on public transportation was unconstitutional; a success spurring a more
Success was a big part of the Civil Rights Movement. Starting with the year 1954, there were some major victories in favor of African Americans. In 1954, the landmark trial Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka Kansas ruled that segregation in public education was unfair. This unanimous Supreme Court decision overturned the prior Plessy vs. Ferguson case during which the “separate but equal” doctrine was created and abused. One year later, Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. launched a bus boycott in Montgomery Alabama after Ms. Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat in the “colored section”. This boycott, which lasted more than a year, led to the desegregation of buses in 1956. Group efforts greatly contributed to the success of the movement. This is not only shown by the successful nature of the bus boycott, but it is shown through the success of Martin Luther King’s SCLC or Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The conference was notable for peacefully protesting, nonviolence, and civil disobedience. Thanks to the SCLC, sit-ins and boycotts became popular during this time, adding to the movement’s accomplishments. The effective nature of the sit-in was shown during 1960 when a group of four black college students sat down at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in hopes of being served. While they were not served the first time they commenced their sit-in, they were not forced to leave the establishment; their lack of response to the heckling...
Therefore, minorities led protests I attempts to win their rights. For example, The Seattle School Boycott of 1966 was a protest led by parents, civil-rights groups, and community organizations, against racial segregation in the Seattle Public Schools, they protested issues of racial segregation and unequal school achievement, which after years of complaints, resulted in the city improving the public education system, making Seattle schools equitable for all children. The information on the site is referenced in other researchers’ works, on the Seattle civil right and labor
The movement changed the landscape of American society and opened it up to excluded groups and gave these groups a model for protest and change. It demonstrated that nonviolent protests and struggle was a viable method of social and cultural change.
Rosa Parks and others organized the Committee for Equal Justice to raise money to fight for fair justice and prosecution of Recy Taylor’s attackers. The Taylor situation set a platform for rape and sexual violence to become the fight for which African Americans looked to destroy white supremacy. The book points out very clearly that the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 was successful because of the women activists fighting for equality. McGuire doesn’t waste anytime in her research of the civil rights movements, she identifies unknown names, and suppressed stories of women who challenged the white power movement of the time.
Montgomery Bus Boycotts: Role of Women in the Civil Rights Movement. During the Civil Rights movement of the 1950's and 60's, women played an undeniably significant role in forging the path against discrimination and oppression. Rosa Parks and Jo Ann Robinson were individual women whose efforts deserve recognition for instigating and coordinating the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycotts that would lay precedent for years to come that all people deserve equal treatment despite the color of their skin. The WPC, NAACP, and the Montgomery Churches provided the channels to organize the black public into a group that could not be ignored as well supported the black community throughout the difficult time of the boycott.