Globalisation is a broad term that is often defined in economic factors alone. The Dictionary at merriam-webster.com describes globalisation as “the process of enabling financial markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communication.” Also due to deregulation on the financial market, multi-national companies are free to trade and move their businesses to areas where a higher return or profit can be achieved. New technology also enables companies to relocate to areas where labour costs are lower, for instance movement of call centre jobs from the UK to India.
Lyons (2006) suggests that globalisation creates push and pull factors. Pull factors may include the recruitment drive of highly skilled migrants to developed countries, in return for better pay and working conditions. Push factors may force individuals to migrate due to poor living and working conditions in their native country. Political factors which infringe human rights and fear of persecution may cause individuals to flee also.
Globalisation has increased modern technology all over the world enabling more people, such as globally separated families, to maintain contact. Increased media coverage also draws the attention of the world to human rights violation which can lead to an improvement in human rights. This is not a reflection of all marginalised groups. In Australia, the detention of unaccompanied asylum seeking children (UASC) contravenes the United Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), however the media are prohibited to enter detention centres and report on this issue (Cemlyn and Briskman, 2003).
Globalisation often affects the structurally oppressed within society, including women and m...
... middle of paper ...
... Home Office (2007) Glossary- National Refugee Integration. http://nrif.homeoffice.gov.uk/Glossary/index.asp?letter=u. Accessed on 6th November 2010.
The Scottish Government (2003) Asylum Seekers in Scotland. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/02/16400/18349. Accessed on 9th November 2010.
The Scottish Government (2007) Refugees and asylum seekers. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/People/Equality/Refugees-asylum. Accessed on 5th November 2010.
The Scottish Government (2003) Refugee Integration Forum: action plan. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/02/16364/18141. Accessed on 10th November 2010.
The United Nations Refugee Agency (2010) Definitions and Obligations. http://www.unhcr.org.au/basicdef.shtml. Accessed on 9th November 2010.
United Convention of Human Rights (1951)
United Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
Push Factors are negative aspects or conditions that motivate one to leave. In one's country, region, organization, religion, etc. Overall, push factors are those that encourage a population to leave their home. A pull factor is an economic, social, political or environmental condition that entices people to immigrate or move to a new location. In this case, British North America.
...2009): 8-9. United Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review. Web. 8 Apr. 2014. .
Although, asylum seekers and refugees are given a few options if they feel as though their rights are being breached, like they can apply to tribunals and courts to view their visa related decisions, they can also make a complaint to the Australian Human Rights Commission about their human rights being breached in immigration detention centres, yet they do not have control over who enters the country, the government is not obliged to comply with the recommendations that are made. Although the government has made few attempts to comply with the human rights obligations towards asylum seekers and refugees by introducing new policies and prioritising the safety of the children in these detention camps, there are currently still many breaches towards their rights that the government continues to adapt, therefore they are still constituting a breach of international law.
The conditions of Australia’s immigration detention policies have also been cause for concern for probable contraventions of Articles 7 and 10 of the ICCPR. Whilst in Sweden, asylum seekers are afforded free housing whilst their applications are being processed, Australia’s methods are much more callous. Under the Pacific Solution, maritime asylum seekers are sent to impoverished tropical islands with no monitoring by human rights organisations allowed (Hyndman and Mountz, 2008). The UNHCR criticised Australia’s offshore processing centres stating that “significant overcrowding, cramped living quarters, unhygienic conditions, little privacy and harsh tropical climate contribute to the poor conditions of… Nauru and Papua New Guinea” (Morales
According to the 1951 Refugee Convention, refugee is a term applied to anyone who is outside his/her own country and cannot return due to the fear of being persecuted on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership of a group or political opinion. Many “refugees” that the media and the general public refer to today are known as internally displaced persons, which are people forced to flee their homes to avoid things such as armed conflict, generalized violations of human rights or natural and non-natural disasters. These two groups are distinctly different but fall ...
All of the major terms in this definition are legal terms, which had been studied based on law by various courts and by the UNHCR. Lister does not argue the well-established meanings of these terms, but he argues the terms can be read in a broad way. By this, we can understand much of the traditional jurisprudence, which is important to ensure refugees get the protection they
Refugees have two basic choices. They can return to their home country, or they can try to settle in another country. Most refugees, however, cannot return home because conditions in their native country have not changed sufficiently to eliminate the problems from whi...
Jordan has witnessed many waves of refugees since its inception in 1946, with some waves coming even before independence. Despite its very limited natural and financial resources, Jordan has hosted refugees from the Palestinian territories, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Somalia, and Sudan. The status of various ethnic groups that have settled in Jordan range from full integration into Jordanian society to no or very little integration. For example, Circassian and Chechens are full members of Jordanian society while Sudanese and Somali refugees are widely treated as outcasts. Therefore, it is imperative that NGOs focus their limited financial resources on those refugees who have very little integration in society and who are therefore more vulnerable. In addition, it is important these organizations are aware of the demographics of the refugee population in Jordan and what services are most needed.
It is a common misconception that asylum seekers pose a threat to the welfare of Australia, however, these beings just wish to seek a life that includes their right to life and freedom. Many of the countries from which these individuals originate inflict a constant fear, completely unbearable. Hence, they seek refuge in a location renowned for it’s just and fair environment, however, the detention centres these asylum seekers are placed in while awaiting resettlement rights, exhibit completely unethical practises, only then to be resettled and become subject to stereotypical prejudice. There are multiple laws and sanctions in place to protect the rights of these refugees, however, authority is often exploited and these ‘unlawful non-citizens’ are not regarded as human in the slightest.
Refugee arrivals on Australian shores, particularly those arriving irregularly by sea, have over the past years been a matter of significant political and public concern. Australia has a long history of accepting refugees for resettlement, however despite this the Australian Government has recognised the magnitude of these global trends, noting that the number of asylum seekers and refugees in Australia are small, at its peak only receiving eighteen thousand people illegally by sea, compared to those seeking asylum in other parts of the world. There is still a large debate on the global stage as to whether the current Australian laws relating to the acceptance and resettlement of refugees and asylum seekers, as a party of the CRC (Convention on the Rights of Children), the ICCPR and the Refugee Convention, is fulfilling
This is felt even more so by migrant children whose situation is normally exasperated by “weak legal protection”, language and communication problems, and lack of documentation. This unfortunate situation leads to unaccompanied and separated children, because there is no support system waiting for them at their destination, being harassed by authorities, drug abuse and/or physical abuse, as well as trafficking. Not only are these risks faced by migrant children in obvious violation of the general right to human dignity, but also violates the rights set out in the CRC, such as the right not to be subjected to sexual abuse , or the right to not be subjected to “inhumane or degrading treatment”. It is disheartening that the rights set out in the CRC are still not protected by the states that find that their boarders are being crossed by migrant children, leaving them open to abuse, when children are “entitled to special care and
The concept and prevelance of a greatly increasing refugee population globaly is having a widely felt impact on a global level. The concept of Refugee really plays into discourse on the impact that conflict and war has on everyday civilians, those that are not an active part in the conflict but are merely passive victims. Anthropologists look at the agency of those Civilians and the way that the term refugee both can take and give agency, it plays into debates about human rights; who has them and who doesn’t, what rights are absolutely paramount and which rights can come second (Zamfir, 2015). Having been given refugee status is meant to allow at least the first tier of rights however when are 51.2 million people are trying to escape persecution it becomes problematic. The concept of refugee allows those who most
The first chapter of the book provides a highly informative background and history to the concept of refugees, as well as their relevance to the modern international political system. The authors importantly point out that defining a refugee is not simply a matter of academic concern because resulting definitions may mean the difference between life and death for people in conflict zones. Defining a refugee involves political and ethical considerations, inevitably creating disagreement regarding the issue. For example, when refugees are defined in a certain way by the United Nations, research will consequently revolve around such definitions and will help support the status quo of the institut...
The global community faces the important and essential task of assisting refugees, but not forcibly imposing refugees on a nation which can compromise national interests. In order to sustain a nation, a strong system of sovereign states becomes essential. Maintaining that bond is essential to the sustainability of these nations. States have a duty to protect and support their own best interests first, and there is no international body with a right to interfere with those interests. Kept
Globalisation is a very complex term with various definitions, in business terms, “globalization describes the increasingly global nature of markets, the tendency for transnational businesses to configure their business activities on a worldwide basis, and to co-ordinate and integrate their strategies and operations across national boundaries” (Stonehouse, Campbell, Hamill and Purdie, 2004, p. 5).