The Effect Of Substrate Concentration On The Activity Of The Enzyme Catalase A Level Biology Project Aims This is an experiment to examine how the concentration of the substrate hydrogen peroxide affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase. Introduction This is a real A-level school project and as such is intended for educational or research purposes only. Extracts of this project must not be included in any projects that you submit for marking. Doing this could lead to being disqualified from all the subjects that you are taking. You have been warned. If you want more help with doing your biology practicals then have a look at 'Advanced Level Practical Work for Biology' by Sally Morgan. If you want more detailed biology information then I'd recommend the book 'Advanced Biology' by M. Kent. Aims Background Information Aparatus Method Prediction Results Interpretation Limitations Anomolies Extension Work Background Information Enzymes such as Catalase are protein molecules which are found in living cells. They are used to speed up specific reactions in the cells. They are all very specific as each enzyme just performs one particular reaction. Catalase is an enzyme found in food such as potato and liver. It is used for removing Hydrogen Peroxide from the cells. Hydrogen Peroxide is the poisonous by-product of metabolism. Catalase speeds up the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide into water and oxygen as shown in the equations below. Formula: Catalase Hydrogen Peroxide---------------------->Water + Oxygen Catalase 2H2O2------------------->2H2O+O2 It is able to speed up the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide because the ... ... middle of paper ... ...ental error involving one of the factors mentioned above. Extension Work This experiment could be improved in a number of ways. It could be repeated more times to help get rid of any anomalies. A better overall result would be obtained by repeating the experiment more times because any errors in one experiment should be compensated for by the other experiments. Using more concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide would have produced a better looking graph and I would have liked to use concentrations higher than 20% to extend the graph so that the maximum possible rate of reaction could be reached. The problem of the delay between pouring in the Hydrogen Peroxide, bunging the test tube and starting the stopwatch could have been limited by getting another person to start the stopwatch when the hydrogen peroxide was poured into the tube. Other Biology Projects
In this experiment the enzyme peroxidase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide were not mixed initially, instead they were both placed in separate tubes and were incubated at a specific temperature, to prevent hydrogen peroxide from undergoing any reaction with peroxidase until they both acquire the required temperature.
Living organisms undergo chemical reactions with the help of unique proteins known as enzymes. Enzymes significantly assist in these processes by accelerating the rate of reaction in order to maintain life in the organism. Without enzymes, an organism would not be able to survive as long, because its chemical reactions would be too slow to prolong life. The properties and functions of enzymes during chemical reactions can help analyze the activity of the specific enzyme catalase, which can be found in bovine liver and yeast. Our hypothesis regarding enzyme activity is that the aspects of biology and environmental factors contribute to the different enzyme activities between bovine liver and yeast.
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
Catecholase is an enzyme formed by catechol and oxygen used to interlock oxygen at relative settings, and it is present in plants and crustaceans (Sanyal et. al, 2014). For example, in most fruits and vegetables, the bruised or exposed area of the pant becomes brown due to the reaction of catechol becoming oxidized and oxygen becoming reduced by gaining hydrogen to form water, which then creates a chain that is is the structural backbone of dark melanoid pigments (Helms et al., 1998). However, not all fruits and plants darken at the same rate. This leads to question the enzymatic strength of catecholase and how nearby surroundings affect its activity. The catecholase enzyme has an optimal temperature of approximately 40°C (Helms et al., 1998). Anything above that level would denature the tertiary or primary structure of the protein and cause it to be inoperable. At low temperatures, enzymes have a slower catalyzing rate. Enzymes also function under optimal pH level or else they will also denature, so an average quantity of ions, not too high or low, present within a solution could determine the efficiency of an enzyme (Helms et al., 1998). Also, if more enzymes were added to the concentration, the solution would have a more active sites available for substrates and allow the reaction rate to increase if excess substrate is present (Helms et al., 1998). However, if more
(H O ) Catalase is an enzyme mainly found in the liver of our body. One of its functions is to break down Hydrogen Peroxide, a compound almost the same as water, containing Hydrogen (2 atoms) and Oxygen (2 atoms). Its chemical formula is H ) . In our body we produce Hydrogen Peroxide. Sometimes people may get small patches of white in the skin
This is a type of reaction where a molecule is broken down into smaller pieces. It is called an anabolic reaction. This experiment is the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen in the air. Catalase is found in a cell organelle called the peroxisome. Peroxisomes in animal cells are occupied in the decomposition of
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
Background information:. Enzyme Enzymes are protein molecules that act as the biological catalysts. A Catalyst is a molecule which can speed up chemical reactions but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. Enzymes catalyze most of the metabolic reactions that take place within a living organism. They speed up the metabolic reactions by lowering the amount of energy.
Investigating Factors that Affect the Rate of Catalase Action Investigation into the factors which affect the rate of catalase action. Planning Aim: To investigate the affect of concentration of the enzyme catalase on the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme: Catalase is an enzyme found within the cells of many different plants and animals. In this case, it is found in celery.
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Introduction: The catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide (H²0²), a vigorous reaction occurs and oxygen gas is evolved. This experiment investigates the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme works by measuring the amount of oxygen evolved over a period of time. The experiment was carried out varying the temperature and recording the results. It was then repeated but we removed the catalase (potato) and added Lead Nitrate in its place, we again tested this experiment at two different temperatures and recorded the results. Once all the experiments were calculated, comparisons against two other groups were recorded.
How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells Introduction Enzymes are made of proteins and they speed up reactions, this means that they act as catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of our cell's activities and is very toxic. The enzymes in our bodies break down the hydrogen peroxide at certain temperatures they work best at body temperature, which is approximately 37 degrees. At high temperatures, the cells begin to denature. This means that the hydrogen peroxide is prevented from being broken down because they will not 'fit' into the enzyme.[IMAGE] Objective I am going to find out how the concentration of the substrate, hydrogen peroxide affects the reaction in the catalase inside the potato cells.
Many factors, for example, pH and temperature affects the way enzymes work by either increasing the rate or determining the type of product produced (). The report, therefore, analyses the effects of the enzyme peroxidase in metabolic reactions and determining its optimum temperature in the reactions.
Enzymes in general are very interesting to learn from and are fundamental in carrying out processes in various organisms. Enzymes are proteins that control the speed of reactions, they help quicken the rate of the reaction and also help cells to communicate with each other. There are 3 main groups of enzymes, first are the metabolic enzymes that control breathing, thinking, talking, moving, and immunity. Next are the digestive enzymes that digest food and normally end with –ase, there are 22 known digestive enzymes and examples of these are Amylase, Protease, and Lipase. The final group are the Food or plant enzymes which is what my enzyme that I’m studying falls under. Papain gets its name because it comes from papaya fruit, its main purpose is to break down proteins and break peptide bonds however it is not only used in the Papaya fruit and has many external uses. It was also very helpful in the 1950s when scientists were trying to understand enzymes. It also helps us to this day understand Protein structural studies and peptide mapping. Without enzymes, reactions in the body would not happen fast enough and would tarnish our way of life which is why it is vital that we study and learn from them.
To make the test fair, the following parameters must remain constant during the experiment. These parameters must remain constant during the experiment. These parameters are water, Hydrogen Peroxide, Catalyse and the duration of the reactions. By insuring the test is fair, we will gain accurate results. Variables Dependant Variable: Time, Size of 5cm piece of Potato Independent Variable: Amount of Oxygen released Control Variable: Volume of Hydrogen peroxide, size of Potato, concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Hypothesis I predict that the breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide will be quicker when the surface area is increased.
The aim of this investigation is to: 1) find the rate equation for the reaction between hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodide and sulphuric acid by using the iodine stop clock method and plotting graphs of 1/time against concentration for each variable. Then to find the activation energy by carrying out the experiment at different temperatures using constant amounts of each reactant and then by plotting a graph of in 1/t against I/T, 3) to deduce as much information about the mechanism as possible from the rate equation.