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Native American culture
Native Americans overcoming assimilation and colonization
Native American culture
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"It was called the Earthboy place, although no one by that name (or any other) had lived in it for twenty years."(166)James Welch in his fictitious allegory, "The Earthboy Place," presents the idea of how assimilation has caused many Indians to stop continuing with their lives as a native. Consequently, they leave their homelands to earn a living in another "world" which shows adaptation to the Westerners' culture; likewise to the writing of McNickle's. "He wore a blue suit and a white shirt and his tan shoes were new and polished."(113) In "A Different World" as depicted by D'Arcy McNickle, Archilde loses his freedom of native life and has now followed the rules of a White man's way of life to survive. These authors have portrayed in their fictions how assimilations have changed the way of a native's life into a White's. Assimilations have separated today's Native Americans from their tribal cultures and traditions, learning a lifestyle that has stolen them off their freedom, customs, backgrounds and leaving them an outcast of their society. Back to the American history, "assimilation" policy was introduced to the Native Americans during the earliest colonial times. During that time, all American Indians must either adopt the White's lifestyles or perish. With the declaration of the Dawes Act, a goal of destroying all tribal structure and their communal life were summoned. Tribal lands were divided among natives and the Westerners, leaving the natives, a land surrounded by the foreigners. With such acts, the American Indians were slowly assimilated into the White's culture and without their own people around them, they will have to communicate with the Westerners with their language instead of their indigenous languages; they ... ... middle of paper ... ...tories as to how assimilations were done in an effective manner that caused Indians to change their lifestyles. The incorporation of religions, customs and communal lives has caused a great deal of alienation among Indians from their own people. The changed attitudes can no longer be accepted as part of the ancestral cultures and thus, have to be set ahead into the White's world, leading into "A Different World", leaving behind "The Earthboy Place". Works Cited McNickle, D'Arcy. "A Different World." Native American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology. Ed. Vizenor, Gerald. United States of America: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 1995, 111-119. Welch, James. "The Earthboy Place." Native American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology. Ed. Vizenor, Gerald. United States of America: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 1995, 165-174.
Pages one to sixty- nine in Indian From The Inside: Native American Philosophy and Cultural Renewal by Dennis McPherson and J. Douglas Rabb, provides the beginning of an in-depth analysis of Native American cultural philosophy. It also states the ways in which western perspective has played a role in our understanding of Native American culture and similarities between Western culture and Native American culture. The section of reading can be divided into three lenses. The first section focus is on the theoretical understanding of self in respect to the space around us. The second section provides a historical background into the relationship between Native Americans and British colonial power. The last section focus is on the affiliation of otherworldliness that exist between
The American Indians were promised change with the American Indian policy, but as time went on no change was seen. “Indian reform” was easy to promise, but it was not an easy promise to keep as many white people were threatened by Indians being given these rights. The Indian people wanted freedom and it was not being given to them. Arthur C. Parker even went as far as to indict the government for its actions. He brought the charges of: robbing a race of men of their intellectual life, of social organization, of native freedom, of economic independence, of moral standards and racial ideals, of his good name, and of definite civic status (Hoxie 97). These are essentially what the American peoples did to the natives, their whole lives and way of life was taken away,
In a social setting the feeling of belongingness to a group is very important. If one is different and does not belong to a group that person is outcasted. The first story, “The Box” written by Riel Nason is about a character named Jeff who goes to a long time friends wedding and faces a number of obstacles. The second story is called “One, Two, Three Little Indians” written by Hugh Garner and focuses on the obstacles a native-canadian faces. Characters Jeff and Big Tom experience alienation and the difference in values which restrict them from achieving belongingness. Ultimately, it is seen that acceptance to the environment is the key to either success into integrating or failure to do so in certain circumstances.
of Native American Culture as a Means of Reform,” American Indian Quarterly 26, no. 1
D'Arcy McNickle, through his classic novel, Runner in the Sun, is able to articulate a clear and well informed account of the historic cultures and lifestyles of Native Americans, document the struggles of these groups as they adapt to changing environmental and social circumstances, propose solutions to these struggles in the form of new crops, knowledge, and leadership, critique modern culture through the activities of his characters, and support an engaging and well-constructed storyline. The primary struggles demonstrated in this work seem to be those between Native Americans and Nature and those within Native American society. The story documents these people as they work to reconcile these struggles. Solutions are proposed and adopted
The first is that from the unlearned ahistorical view, the Indians lived and moved around America without hardly leaving a trace, they left it “natural”, a very European way at looking at it. But William Cronon and Richard White pointed out how this, in a way, demeans the Indians and makes them seem more like an animal species and thus, deprives them of their culture. And this also makes it seem that changes to nature are negative, and the “ideal” world is to not look live we were even there. Again, this is and was a very European way at looking at it. But the Indians did in fact affect their
“Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective” an essay written by Leslie Marmon Silko brings to life the diversified facets of the Pueblo Indian culture, sharing with readers the infrastructure of Puebloan dialect and folklore. Likewise, Amy Tan’s essay “Mother Tongue” details a series of prominent reflections of the nurturing voice responsible for constructing the author’s perceptions of the world. Both of these essays share a corresponding theme of the influence one’s culture can have on can have on individual styles of communication. The implication of the nonfiction elements plot and setting throughout the piece allows the author to adequately reinforce the theme of each piece. Each essay embodies commonalities, as well as, differences in the nonfiction elements used to depict the common theme.
Kugel, Rebecca, and Lucy Eldersveld Murphy. Native women's history in eastern North America before 1900: a guide to research and writing. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
Owens, Louis. Other Destinies: Understanding the American Indian Novel. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 1992,1994
Vizenor, Gerald. "Measuring My Blood." Native American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology. Ed. Gerald Vizenor. New York: Harper Collins, 1996. 69-74.
In a desperate attempt to discover his true identity, the narrator decides to go back to Wisconsin. He was finally breaking free from captivity. The narrator was filling excitement and joy on his journey back home. He remembers every town and every stop. Additionally, he admires the natural beauty that fills the scenery. In contrast to the “beauty of captivity” (320), he felt on campus, this felt like freedom. No doubt, that the narrator is more in touch with nature and his Native American roots than the white civilized culture. Nevertheless, as he gets closer to home he feels afraid of not being accepted, he says “… afraid of being looked on as a stranger by my own people” (323). He felt like he would have to prove himself all over again, only this time it was to his own people. The closer the narrator got to his home, the happier he was feeling. “Everything seems to say, “Be happy! You are home now—you are free” (323). Although he felt as though he had found his true identity, he questioned it once more on the way to the lodge. The narrator thought, “If I am white I will not believe that story; if I am Indian, I will know that there is an old woman under the ice” (323). The moment he believed, there was a woman under the ice; He realized he had found his true identity, it was Native American. At that moment nothing but that night mattered, “[he], try hard to forget school and white people, and be one of these—my people.” (323). He
Kidwell, Clara S. Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History - - Native American Cultures. Houghton Mifflin Company 2003:13 pars. Online. Internet. 17 Feb. 2004. Available http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/women/html/wh_026300_nativeameri2.htm
The Euro- Canadian majority wanted to assimilate the aboriginal culture by taking away a tradition. A more intense form of assimilation was seen through Residential Schools as this system used the process of assimilation to systematically strip aboriginal peoples of their culture while forcing Euro- Canadian culture upon them. This was the “most draconian assimilation scheme [that] the government imposed” (Ray 235) on the Aboriginal community. The concept of civilization and assimilation work parallel to each other. The process of assimilation works under the concept of civilization. The overruling majority felt as though their way of life would be much preferred by the rest of society and as a result led to the Native community to be aggressively forced to practice the more preferred Euro- Canadian
In the beginning of the sixteenth century, Europeans made the voyage to a “new world” to achieve their dreams of opportunity and riches. In this other world, the Europeans stumbled upon another race, which naturally led to a cultural exchange between different groups of people. In the novel, Tribe, Junger voices the unstated relationship between the Colonists and Native Americans. Junger discusses the extraordinary lifestyle, freedom and skills that Native Americans culture possess which enticed the colonists. Meanwhile, the foreign Colonists obtained no survival skills in the “new world” which forced them to become dependent on the Native Americans for simple resources and food. The colonists were being exposed to the customs the Native Americans
D 'Arcy McNickle, through his classic novel, The Surrounded, is able to articulate a clear and well informed account of the historic Salish culture and lifestyle while documenting the jarring transition of Native Americans from their traditional practices to an imposed legal system, conveying interesting characteristics of his personhood, and supporting an engaging and well-constructed plot. Through the incorporation of storytelling and the depiction of events, McNickle is able to highlight the tense interaction involving historic Native American traditions and the harsh reception they receive from the new American social and legislative systems. He is also able to incorporate his personality into the text, giving us a better sense of his character