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Common sense, the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution
Common sense and the fight for independence
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The topic(s) that will be discussed in this paper include Laws and Federal Policies during early American history. The material discussed in this paper comes exclusively from Exploring American Histories by Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson. This paper will cover documents within the text that pertain to the topic. The aim of this paper is to argue that from even the earliest points in American history, there was an opposing and supporting standpoint to each law and federal policy. Since its start, the United States has been a two-sided coin of support and opposition. Issues such as Independence, Slavery, and Succession are three of the many that show the United States to be a country that does not always come to a consensus. From the beginning, the United States has been a country at least somewhat divided by political differences. Even in the late 1700s when the Colonists began to consider becoming an independent nation, there were many citizens who were vehemently aghast at the idea of breaking away from their mother country. These two opposing forces were known as the Colonists and the Loyalists. Colonists, such as Thomas Paine, were massive supporters of American independence. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense used biblical references to appeal to the common people and convince them that becoming independent of Britain was the right choice. Paine wrote that the King of Britain was a “brute” and there should be no such leader of a free country such as America. Paine also wrote that in free countries such as America, the Law should be the ultimate King, and no other ruler should go before the Law. Paine also stated that it is a natural right for the colonists to create and uphold their own government. Finally, Paine implored h... ... middle of paper ... ...tes to be a country that does not always come to a consensus. Works Cited Notes 1Thomas Dew. “The Proslavery Argument, 1832.” Exploring American Histories: A Brief Survey with Sources. Volume 1: To 1877. ed. Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson. (Boston, Bedford St. Martin’s, 2013), page 305. 2Dew, Exploring American History, page 305. 3Robert Toombs, “Debating Secession in Georgia: Two Views.” Exploring American Histories: A Brief Survey with Sources. Volume I: To 1877. ed. Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson. (Boston, Bedford St. Martin’s, 2013), page 396. 4Toombs, Exploring American History, page 396 5Ibid. 6Ibid. 7Alexander Stephens, “Against Secession, 1860.” Exploring American Histories: A Brief Survey with Sources. Volume 1: To 1877. ed. Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson. (Boston, Bedford St. Martin’s, 2013), page 397
The archives show how Augusta, Virginia and Franklin, Pennsylvania, and the South and North, shared many characteristics before the war, which Ayers points out well. One main point he makes when writing about their similarities is noting that both counties had people who supported slavery. Augusta, in the South, had slavery as their main economic system, and Franklin, in the North, had whites who believed in and supported slavery. There was also an abundance of racial discrimination still in the Franklin. These similarities didn’t matter much when it came to the issue of secession.
Holton, W. (2008). Unruly americans and the origins of the constitution (1 pbk ed.). New York: Hill and Wang.
On the question as to whether states’ rights was the cause of the Civil War, Dew references a speech made by Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America, during his inaugural address as one that “remains a classic articulation of the Southern position that resistance to Northern tyranny and a defense of states’ rights were the sole reason for secession. Constitutional differences alone lay at the heart of the sectional controversy, he insisted. ‘Our present condition…illustrates the American idea that governments rest upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of the people to alter or abolish governments whenever they become destructive of the ends for which they were established’”(13).
In the beginning of the 1860s, there were constitutional developments that arose to a radical extent because it suffices the beliefs of American citizens with the issue over slavery. For instance, Abraham Lincoln taking hold of the presidency was an impacting ...
Thomas Paine wrote the Common Sense and in this pamphlet he wrote about America’s separation and independence from Great Britain. His argument stated that America is a large continent and we are in charge of our own fate and direction (Paine 107). Paine further explained that people migrated to America to escape the control of the King and his laws. Paine introduced a theory when comparing America to a small island, that it is possible if separated we can come together and make our own laws and run the country as we see fit (Paine 109). Paine believes that we are no longer in need of Britain’s help and that we can eventually form alliances with other countries as we stand alone outside of Britain’s control.
Edward, Rebecca and Henretta, James and Self, Robert. America A Concise History. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2012.
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson appeals to patriotism. Jefferson ensures this by persuading the colonists to become self-governing. He tries to let all of the people of the New World understand that they have protested and defended themselves against the British for all of the corrupt acts the British have committed upon the colonists. Jefferson’s tone in the Declaration of Independence portrays how tiresome he has grown of the British rule after all of the deception towards Americans. Included within the idea of patriotism, is the idea of loyalty to the fundamental values and principles underlying American democracy. Thomas Paine also provides patriotism to get advocates for the movement to separate from the British forces. Correspondingly, Paine persuades Americans that they will prosper in numerous areas without the control of the British saying, “Is the power who is jealous of our prosperity, a proper power to govern us? Whoever says No to this question is an independent, for independency means no more, than, whether we shall make our own laws…” (Paine). Paine uses a demanding tone to convince Americans that if they should accept the ties with Britain, it will bring ruin and distress to the
Paine had not entertained the idea of independence from Britain when he arrived in America. He thought it was “a kind of treason” to break away from Britain. It was not until the Battle of Lexington in 1775 that he considered “the compact between Britain and America to be broken” (Claeys). This idea of a broken compact allowed Thomas Paine to write a political pamphlet.
3. Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, Williams, eds., America Past and Present Volume II: since 1865 sixth edition (New York: Longman 2002).
Nullification is a precursor to secession in the United States as it is also for civil wars. However, in contrast, the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions did not suggest that states should secede from the union. Under the direct vigilance and radical views of Calhoun, he suggested that states should and could secede from the union if they deem a law was unconstitutional. Calhoun’s reputation as a “Cast Iron” proved fittingly as compromises were reached for the proposed Tariffs. The southern states contribution to the financial welfare of the union as a result of slavery was undoubtedly substantial, but as history unfolded, it was not a just means to financial stability. His views of constitutional propriety was for the “privileges of minority” rather than for the “rights of the minority.” [2]
Beginning in the 1850’s, Southern states of the United States began to demand their rights as slave owners and felt as though the institution of slavery was being threatened. The secession of the Southern states began in the year of 1860. Each state which wanted to secede from the Federal Union wrote documents declaring their secession and the reasons which prompted their decision to secede. Within these written documents, it is made clear that the South was unhappy and believed the North was not protecting their rights associated with slavery. They stated their disapproval towards the anti-slavery actions and attitudes of the North. The South’s reasons for seceding were centered around the protection of slavery, which they felt was being threatened
Christopher, J. Political Culture and Secession in Mississippi: Masculinity, Honor, and the Antiparty Tradition, 1830–1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Roark, J.L., Johnson, M.P., Cohen, P.C., Stage, S., Lawson, A., Hartmann, S.M. (2009). The american promise: A history of the united states (4th ed.), The New West and Free North 1840-1860, The slave south, 1820-1860, The house divided 1846-1861 (Vol. 1, pp. 279-354).
The Staunton Spectator is a pro-Union newspaper. An article appearing in the January 17, 1860 editorial argues that war would be foolish and preserving the Union is the manly thing to do. The article called southern “fire-eating” gentlemen insane, and argued that abandoning rights granted by the constitution would be inglorious. It takes the position that they should fight to stay in the Union and that war is a foolish way to solve grievances.
Minkema, Kenneth P., Stout, Harry S.. "The Edwardsean Tradition and the Antislavery Debate, 1740-1865." Journal of American History 1(2005):47. eLibrary. Web. 17 Jan. 2012.