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Ethics and responsibility today
Why ethical decisions are important
Why ethical decisions are important
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Even if it hadn’t been illegal, it still would have been unethical for Lupo to order the dumping of the waste. Ethics are the morals that guide a person’s actions. People have different morals that guide their behaviors, which makes ethics a subjective area. By looking at some ethical frameworks, we can see that Lupo’s order was unethical. First, consequentialism looks at the result of an action in determining if a decision is ethical (Lightle, Susan). By dumping the toxic waste, the creek became void of life (Hardrock Case). That area can no longer support wildlife, including any fish that lived in that creek. The creek also spills into the Mahoning River so the toxic waste also affects any areas along the river’s path. Since the action leads to a negative result, the dumping of the waste was an unethical decision. Second, deontology states that behavior is dictated by rules based on a duty to do what is right (Lightle, Susan). Lupo had a duty to the people, the wildlife, and the environment to not pollute the environment with toxic waste. The right thing to do would have been to dump the waste responsibly. As a result of dumping the waste, people, …show more content…
By looking at the same ethical frameworks (consequentialism and deontology), it can be determined that their behavior was unethical. First, the employees dumped the toxic waste, and the creek became void of life. Since this was a negative end result, their action was unethical. Second, the employees had a duty to do what was right. The right thing to do was to not comply with the order so that they could protect the environment. Since they failed in their duty to protect the environment, their action was unethical. Finally, the employees knew that dumping the waste was the wrong thing to do as evidenced by them trying to talk Lupo out of dumping the waste. Hiding behind the fact that they were ordered to dump the waste is not a defense for their
The method of ethical decision making which was developed by Dr. Cathryn A. Baird presented two components contained in all ethical decisions which are; The Four ethical Lenses and the 4+1 Decision process. The Four Ethical Lenses issue claims that different ethical theories and the means in which we tend to approach the situations which form part of our ethical traditions are looked at in four different perspectives. From each perspective there are different values on which to decide whether the action taken is either ethical or not and each lens also lays emphasis on determining whether the decision made is of ethical requirement. In the 4+1 Decision Process, people who are responsible for making final decisions in an organization do it using four specific decision making steps and eventually will end up with one extra decision which gives a chance to reflect. The 4+1 decision process allows the decision makers to give solutions when faced with complicated ethical issues (John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, 2000).
Ethical issues in this case are the impact on tourism industry of Gulf of Mexico and its beaches, unemployment around area because of closure of business, wildlife and the environment destruction and concerned with human health and post incident trauma. It has been almost year but world is still recovering from the devastation of disastrous oil spill. It destroyed the environment and wildlife all over the place and its total impact is still unknown. Environmental impacts may be noticeable for years to come.
There are many ethical issues in the movie Erin Brockovich. This movie is about a mother of three who uncovers a water poisoning case by Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) in southern California. Once it was proved that the company had knowingly dumped hexavalent chromium into the ground water, the utility company was found liable for a $330 million dollar verdict.
...d, thus being moral is a matter of following God rules. In the case of the disposal, withholding information in order to preserve their profits and minimizing their costs was lying, which was a violation of the rights of the people living on the community. The companies benefited from the people living at Woburn not only by using them to produce their goods, but also to hide the evidence of their illicit acts, clearly violating the Kantianism principles of telling the true and taking advantages of others. In the case of the plaintiff’s lawyer was also observable that money mattered more than the truth this was exemplified by Jan words: “the whole idea of a law suit is to settle or compel the other side to settle. You do that by spending more money than you should obligating them to spend more money than they should……” fact that also violated the deontology approach.
According to deontology, people have an obligation that is imposed upon them by the duty to perform certain actions without due consideration on their consequential outcomes, (Braswell, McCarthy & McCarthy, 2011). This explains the instances where it is morally justified to perform a certain action whose pain is greater than the collective pleasures that can be derived from it, (Braswell, McCarthy & McCarthy, 2011). One of the major contributors to the deontological ethical theory is Emmanuel Kant. Deontologists include other ideologies that are inherently lacking among the consequentialist theories, particularly the utilitarianism. These aspects include the duty to act as well as a consideration of the intention to do what is right against what is wrong, (Braswell, McCarthy & McCarthy, 2011). Deontological theorists argue that good intentions or good will is what informs the moral worth of an action and not just a consideration of the
The Chesapeake Bay is polluted with agricultural waste. We see things like 1.5 billion pounds of chicken waste that no one wants to take responsibility for. Ignoring standards, a waterway was tested for E. coli; the standard is 125 FCU/100ml of water. Yet this waterway’s level was at 48392 FCU/100ml. An industry that will go to great lengths to make sure that Congress doesn’t impose sanction against them.
German philosopher Immanuel Kant popularized the philosophy of deontology, which is described as actions that are based on obligation rather than personal gain or happiness (Rich & Butts, 2014). While developing his theory, Kant deemed two qualities that are essential for an action to be deemed an ethical. First, he believed it was never acceptable to sacrifice freedom of others to achieve a desired goal. In other words, he believed in equal respect for all humans. Each human has a right for freedom and justice, and if an action takes away the freedom of another, it is no longer ethical or morally correct. Secondly, he held that good will is most important, and that what is good is not determined by the outcome of the situation but by the action made (Johnson, 2008). In short, he simply meant that the consequences of a situation do not matter, only the intention of an action. Kant also declared that for an act to be considered morally correct, the act must be driven by duty alone. By extension, there could be no other motivation such as lo...
Deontology is an ethical theory concerned with duties and rights. The founder of deontological ethics was a German philosopher named Immanuel Kant. Kant’s deontological perspective implies people are sensitive to moral duties that require or prohibit certain behaviors, irrespective of the consequences (Tanner, Medin, & Iliev, 2008). The main focus of deontology is duty: deontology is derived from the Greek word deon, meaning duty. A duty is morally mandated action, for instance, the duty never to lie and always to keep your word. Based on Kant, even when individuals do not want to act on duty they are ethically obligated to do so (Rich, 2008).
When discussing how criminal intent relates to the enforcement of environmental laws first you must know what criminal intent means. USLEGAL.COM defines criminal intent as “the intent to do something wrong or forbidden by law.” (Criminal Intent Law & Legal Definition) To help one understand the meaning of intent, it is when a person make the conscious decision to break the law. (What is CRIMINAL INTENT) With environmental laws and regulations, it states that one must knowingly commit an environmental crime in order to prosecute as a criminal. As discussed in the week three lecture notes we learned that under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, if a person is knowingly transporting hazardous waste without a warrant than that person could be prosecuted criminally and face up to two years in prison and up to a $50,000 a day fine.( Week Three Lecture Notes)
In looking at the ten primary traps from the Hoyk and Hersey book , seven of the ten traps were cause for the ethical failure. The first trap is obedience to authority. In this case if Chantale chooses not to call her friend who works for the newspaper, for fear of repercussions at work, she is then listening to her supervisors’ directions and keeping quite about the situation. Chantale may hold indirect responsibility for what could happen if some of the medical waste was to threaten public safety say by polluting a local water source. Another trap that goes along with indirect responsibility would be faceless victims, in were the company does not see one specific person or group of persons being affected rather as the trap states a faceless person were no feelings of guilt or remorse are attached.
According to the Deontology method ethical behavior can be measured to an absolute set of standards. So, according to deontology the answer is almost a simple “yes” or “no.” This method is guided by morals. Therefore, any illegal action would not be approved of. The Kantian method is based around the principle of “What if everyone acted in the same way?” If every executive showed compassion towards the lower level employees, the employees may have made it out of this situation unscathed. The Utilitarianism method is consequence oriented. It is based on “The greatest happiness for the greatest number.” Again, there were more employees than executives. Making a couple times the amount that employees make, the executives could have spared
Importantly, when thinking about the cost-benefit approach, it should be borne in mind that its proponents are not strictly motivated to act ethically, unless the cost of not doing so is sufficiently high, or if acting ethically will result in economic profit. For example, a industrial company may know that dumping chemical waste into a nearby river is harmful to the environment, and by extension, human and non-human animals, although still decide to dispose of their waste in such a manner, as it is economically cheaper to do so, than to dispose of the waste in a safe but more costly manner. In coming to such a decision, they may have also weighed the potential fines and loss of business if they are exposed, although determined that such costs are not sufficiently high compared to the economic savings of cheaper, inappropriate dumping, so will maintain the current method of disposal.
Deontological ethics would have us look at the situation based on the best efforts for the future. Based on the procedure of three formulations (tests) that help us make moral decisions. The first formulation is comprised of four steps; being self-aware of your actions, putting information from step one into a maxim, testing the universality of the maxim you have created, and
* Shirk, Evelyn. “New Dimensions in Ethics: Ethics and the Environment.” Ethics and the Environment. Proc. of Conf. on Ethics and the Environment, April 1985, Long Island University. Ed. Richard E. Hart. Lanham: University Press of America, 1992. 1-10.
A deontologist asserts that you should do your duty even if you or others suffer as a consequence. Deontology is seen as an obligation to protect regardless of the impact it has on others, whether it be people, animals, and/or the environment and so on. “Deontology focuses on the duties and obligations one has in carrying out actions rather than on the consequences of those actions” (Mosser, 2013). According to deontologist Immanuel Kant, when doing your duty as a deontologist there are “categorical imperatives” that should be followed. In other words there are exceptions for why one is not taking action. “All imperatives command either hypothetically or categorically” (Kant,