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About morality play
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Throughout the morality play the dramaturge does a worthy job of teaching the communitas the Christian way of living and more importantly, dying or the Ars moriendi. The “Ars moriendi…seek to instruct the Christian in the practical technique of ding “well and surely”-…” (Beaty 2). This was the goal of the dramaturge in bringing the morality play for all of the communitas to see. It was common during the Middle Ages to teach both inside and outside of the church however, focusing on the same overall goal of teaching the Christian individuals how to live both in life and in death. The character, of Everyman representative of each member of the communitas, teaches the audience the important lesson of how they live their lives on earth will directly
Despite the change in contexts, the values presented in Shakespeare’s play are wholly relevant to a twentieth century audience. The idea of ambition overriding the values of integrity and honesty, the struggle of the composer to attract a mainstream audience and the religious beliefs of the audience are all made evident in both texts. By comparing the two texts, the shift in context can be distinguished and the different representations of values are illustrated and an insight into the lifestyle of people past is
The Greek Plays including ‘Antigone,' ‘Oedipus Rex’ and ‘Libation Bearers’ (Orestia) are generally viewed and praised as works of fine literature, written by renounced playwrights during the 5th century. The plays themselves are ample with hamartia, catharsis, irony and enriched faculties of composition. Notwithstanding its great value in literature, the Greek plays possess a unique, different dimension that is not often brought to light. The plays hold lavish significance in justice, ethics and morality. These plays articulate on these aspects by questioning the readers in forms of moral dilemmas installed in the platys. These plays prompt us with questions of strong perplexity that still intrigue and ignite debates even with our advanced contemporary political justice, and better established sense of ethics and morality. Moral dilemmas that we, as individuals, are left to ponder, and compelled to weigh our own virtues against laws, social norms and justice. Thus, not only did the Greek playwrights bestow alluring masterpieces of plays, in hindsight, they also prompted all of us with morally conflicting questions that arose alongside their development of democracy. Likewise, the life in democratic societies is rife with countless political disputes over right and wrong, justice and injustice, which are all explicitly manifested in the plays ‘Antigone,'’Oedipus Rex’ and Libation Bearers’. This essay will introduce one moral dilemma from each of the three plays and contemplate on the justice of each of the circumstances. Moreover, this essay does not aspire to present an ‘absolute’ justice to all these moral dilemmas, and to provide jurisdiction, yet, inst...
Morality is a particular system of values concerning the distribution between right and wrong or good or bad behavior. Macbeth morality of an action is committing the evil deed, he deliberately thinks the treacherous nature. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the moral of a play is identified through personal ambition and its disastrous results. Macbeth ends up killing his loyal King believing the witches prophecy. He kills his only best friend, assuming that his best friend might have been suspicious of King Murder.
When one looks closely at the story of Romeo and Juliet, one will see that it is a story with many ethical aspects. The first ethical concern was the two feuding families. How moral is it to hate someone only because they have a certain family name? This all come from a time period when people were fairly focused on religion, which teaches us not to hate. I also question this because I think it is ironic that both Romeo and Juliet seem to be fairly religious, since the first person Romeo went to for help was Friar Lawrence, and a few scenes in the play took place in or around the church. I think that this hatred is especially bad in the case of the Capulets and the Montagues, because I was always under the impression that the families had been feuding for so long that no one really knew why they hated each other anymore. This was the beginning of the problems for Romeo and Juliet. They had a moral decision to make. Should they stay true to their families, and deny their love, or should they stay true to their feelings and disgrace their families? In order to resolve this dilemma, Romeo turns to Friar Lawrence, who perhaps could be seen as the most moral character, to begin with. Because he was a holy man, he was the most logical confidant of anyone in the play. People see men of the cloth as reliable and a good source of advice. Of course, Friar Lawrence has every intention of helping the two lovers, also hoping that he could reunite the feuding families. However, unbeknownst to him, everything he will do throughout the play will have an unnerving consequence. No matter what he did to correct what he had done wrong, it only drug him deeper into trouble. Who ever would have thought that by marrying the two young lovers, he would have caused all of this heartache for the families, and really for all of Verona? No one ever considered the fact that two young people wanting to get married would have affected the entire city. Friar Lawrence was only trying to be a good friend and ally, but everything he did just ended up backfiring for him.
“All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” William Shakespeare may have written these words in As You Like It in 1600, but Erving Goffman truly defined the phrase with his dramaturgical theory. Dramaturgical analysis is the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance. Unlike actors though, who use a script telling them how to behave in every scene, real life human interactions change depending upon the social situation they are in. We may have an idea of how we want to be perceived, and may have the foundation to make that happen. But we cannot be sure of every interaction we will have throughout the day, having to ebb and flow with the conversations and situations as they happen.
In Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, people can see many dramatic foils. Providing contrast for the other characters, dramatic foils are essential to Shakespeare drama. An example of two foils are Benvolio and Tybalt. Benvolio is seen as peacemaker, a Montague, and calm, while Tybalt is seen as aggressive, a Capulet, and furious. Therefore, Benvolio and Tybalt are foils for each other in their temperament, families, and behavior.
Sophocles, one of Athens great ancient writers lived through the fifth century B. C. (496-406). In such period of time, theater was considered to be both a religious and civic event. Religious because it happened only twice a year in the honor of the god of wine and crops, Dionysus; civic because every Athenian citizen was invited to take part in the famous three days of drama. Each day, during those days, a tragic play was presented for the audience’s edification. Those plays featured some important mythical or legendary event the audience is familiar with. The main character and the overall story being acted out are also known by every spectator. With that said, the play writer had some expectations to meet and some criterias to follow. Sophocles, in Oedipus the King, had to meet the standard schematic of a tragic play. He needed the base of a traditional plague, lead with a prologue followed by a parados. Many episodes would be added to the parados, as well as many odes. He would close the play with an exodos. There are also some more meaningful details the audience is expecting to see. Those details are included in the great greek philosophe Aristotle’s concept of tragedy. In this essay I will discuss the traditional schematic of a tragic play as well as the particular facts one is expecting to encounter. With Aritstotle’s concept of tragedy, the analysis of Scodel Ruth and Michelakis Pantelis, a scholar and a cultural critique, I will draw on how Oedipus the King fits within the popular theater of the fifth century.
In Shakespearean drama, a dynamic and explosive fusion of jealousy, pride, anger and ambition is characteristic for heroes’ behaviour. The tragedy was caused by the excessive flaw in character - self-respect and dignity combined with the feelings of hate and revenge. A disaster usually occurred to lead to destruction of the protagonist. Due to divine justice, punishment is inevitable and therefore no happy ending is possible. Therefore, time is the hero’s main enemy, mercilessly working against him. The mystery of tragedy is that once the protagonist has learnt a lesson of how to renew the order in himself, death is the only outcome /no memento mori, however/.
Everyman is a classic play written in the 15th century whose subject is the struggle of the soul. This is a morality play and a good example of transition play linking liturgical drama and the secular drama that came at the end of English medieval period. In the play, death is perceived as tragic and is intensely feared. The protagonist; Everyman, is a person who enjoys the pleasures of life and good company. When he is unexpectedly called by death to account to God for his actions on earth, he is thunderstruck. He is filled with sorrow and self-pity. He pleads with death to give him more time, but death informs him it is impossible and that man cannot escape the reality of death. Faced with this eventuality, Everyman desperately turns to his friends for help. As Scott states, “Everyman’s friends in the play are personifications of his qualities and possessions” (Scott 15). He has friends like Fellowship, good deeds, knowledge, and later in the play he meets Beauty, Strength, Discretion and Five Wits.
middle of paper ... ... akespeare’s poetic language to colloquialism creates a new form of communication reflecting that the fear of death that claimed for so many by world wars, the influenza epidemic and the Depression, was pointless and unnecessary as life means nothing and as a result death means nothing either. Context essentially is the base for all transformation and it influences the values of a society and how these values are expressed and interpreted. R and G… highlights the shift of the purposeless uncertainties of the contemporary context from the religious and social hierarchical certainties of Shakespeare’s social, cultural and historical contexts. The transformation processes evident demonstrate the concept that everyone questions and desires to know what is either reality or unknown, the meaning and certainty of death and the afterlife and ultimately the purpose of life.
The play is so well written and the unknown author is given a unique name to its main lead Everyman to symbolize the simple human being. In this play the death is personified in a way which grabs the attention of the audiences and it attracts them to think it’s real instead of being fiction and the superb writing of the unknown author. The author talks about God’s (Jesus) death and g...
..., however by the use of tragic conventions, a playwright may enhance how the audience reacts in response to the purification of the protagonists emotions. If the protagonist is viewed as an idol by the audience and the characters within the play, a link may be formed between character and audience in order to create a larger response for the protagonist’s experiences. With the use of a hamartia of the protagonist, the audience may consider the flaws of the protagonist’s personality. An anagnorisis is utilised in order to make the audience assess what is justifiable, and what is not. The punishment of the protagonist via pain or suffering causes the audience to realise that the crime committed was iniquitous. These conventions of tragedy each cause the audience to respond more passionately in their response to the catharsis, while triggering a catharsis of their own.
Othello questions the egocentric, narcissistic honor that is shown by the men in the play. For the sake of this paper, “honor” will be used as a synonym for reputation. Honor is not necessarily a bad thing, but it should not be a justification for misconduct. In history, a lot of actions were justified if they were committed to defend one’s honor. A man is justified in murdering his wife’s lover in order to protect his honor (Klene 140). Thousands of people died in duels to defend honor.
The Chorus, in this play, guides the audience. In the end, it is up to the individual as to what reaction they have to the play, but the Chorus is there to, in a way makes this reaction more complicated. One could leave the play totally condemning Medea, but the Chorus display’s Medea in a way that makes the audience sympathise with her, and so the moral conclusions that need to be come to side, become more complex. The audience has to base their reaction to Medea on what crimes they have seen her commit, and on what they have heard of her through the Chorus. Their integral part in the play acts in many ways, to follow, revise, and extend the plot of the play, and to influence the opinions and sympathies of the audience. It is a literary, and dramatic device that Euripedes uses, and uses well, to help portray a tragedy, and also a moralistic play, in which the Chorus is the voice that provides the morals.
Marlowe's tragedy stands in a uniquely transformative relationship to the tradition of England's morality plays; more than simply an evolution, the play assimilates, incorporates, and creates new uses for the conventional elements of the morality play. The morality play, the most popular examples of which include Everyman and Mankind, was rooted in the didacticism of medieval Christian theology and developed as a means for the conveyance of Biblical truth to the masses. Its basis, as a literary work, was "an archetypal human perception: the fall out of innocence into experience" (Potter 9).