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Essays on gender equality in the 1900s
Essays on gender equality in the 1900s
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The Double Helix
"The discovery of the structure by Crick and Watson, with all its biological implications, has been one of the major scientific events of this century." (Bragg, The Double Helix, p1) In the story of The Double Helix, James Watson tells of the road that led to the discovery of life's basic building block-DNA. This autobiography gives insight into science and the workings within a professional research laboratory that few members of society will ever be able to experience. It also gives the reader an idea of the reality of life for one scientist and how he struggled with the problem of DNA. However, the author's style is marked by his lack of objectivity and inclusion of many biased opinions and personal prejudices.
One example of this ongoing subjective style can be seen in Watson's writing on women, particularly in his dealings with Rosalind Franklin. The fact that Watson believes that all women are good for is pleasure and keeping house can be seen in the word choice and style of several passages throughout The Double Helix. These passages' subjects include Rosalind Franklin's appearance, appeal, and acceptance of the double helix model and concept.
In the first several chapters of The Double Helix, James Watson gives detailed descriptions of the places and people who were of some importance in this charade of science. Watson wrote of his personal history and of how he arrived at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. In this laboratory was a yet-unknown thirty-five year old man named Frances Crick . When Watson joined the team at Cavendish it was to help continue studies on the structure of proteins. Some of the people in the lab that Watson mentioned were Sir Lawr...
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...be shed. In comparing several passages written about Rosalind Franklin, it can be seen that Watson carried a certain style and pre-determined opinion of women and their place in society. In the first passage written about Rosy's appearance, Watson criticizes her choice of dress and then tries to blame her family for the way she turned out. The second passage dealt with Rosy as a presenter and her appeal to the audience, particularly Watson. In the final passage, Watson is shocked to find that Rosy can be rational and was not always being outrageous. By examining the amount of objective and subjective material in three of Watson's passages, it is viable that his style can be fingerprinted by his lack of objectivity and by his splashing of personal opinions.
Works Cited
Watson, James. The Double Helix. WW Norton & Company, New York London. 1980.
Less than two-thirds of those who start college in America finish. The almost fifty percent that don’t finish college drop out for various reasons such as financial issues, family issues, maturity, lack of self-motivation and distractions. Some even feel as though college is scam, making us rack up debt to try and get a well-paying job just to pay off their accumulated debt.
Francis Crick: He does the same research with Watson and they are both teammates. He is also eager to know what is in DNA and the relationship of it with the double-helix, but at the same time is disorganised, and expected Watson to do a majority of work.
Ted Bieler’s Helix of Life (1971) that is located outside the Medical Sciences building at University of Toronto is a sculpture made from a light grey concrete material. Its color appears to be plain which happens to match the exterior of the Medical Sciences building as well. Due to the age of the sculpture, it shows lighter and darker gray dents and streaks near the top and bottom and where it bends. Some of the markings have been made from the material and texture of the sculpture. The material used, which was said previously, is cast concrete. Using concrete without any smooth surface tools creates a rougher and coarse texture which is why it has dents and holes when viewing it up close. As the viewer looks at the sculpture from afar, its
Originally published in 1747, Benjamin Franklin wrote the speech of Miss Polly Baker as a work of fiction, this work indicates Franklin’s usually progressive views of women for his time period. Although for many years some did believe the story and speech to be true, the character of Miss Polly Baker, and anything that concerned her was completely made up. While some praised the speech, acclaiming its message and welcoming it into the canon of modern American Literature, others saw it as it would question the traditional life as so many people of this time knew. Despite these objections, the speech of Miss Polly Baker remains widely read today by reason
With a competitive spirit, people are driven to act in ways that they would not otherwise and the results can be drastic. In the case of James D. Watson and Francis Crick, in Watson’s novel the Double Helix, this sensation of competition leads to one of the greatest discoveries in biology. But the actions of Watson, Crick, and their competitors may or may not be justified for the results that they yield; the powerful conflict of rivalry has beneficial, detrimental, and questionably moral consequences that shaped the pathway to DNA’s structure.
The book Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of Rosalind Franklin written by a British journalist and close friend of hers, Anne Sayre to reveal the true personality of Rosalind Franklin in contradiction to the fallacious character portrayed by James Watson in his personal account of The Double Helix. This book was undertaken to refute Franklin’s distorted portrait from abnormal feminist into rational, perfectionist and talented ‘women’ scientist. She begins by introducing her strong background, curious childhood, dedicated education, generous nature and most importantly how she was brought up in a favorable environment of distinctive Angelo-Jewish family, who identified and cultivated her talents and developed her in a person with full capacity for commitment. In this book, despite admiring the geniuses of Watson in depicting and picking out small information, connecting points and the kind of abilities he possessed was perfectly factitive with Crick that Rosalind and Gosling lacked however, she constantly tries to put the Rosalind’s side of story in picture which she believes was minimized in The Double Helix by Watson and correct her character that distorted in public eye.
How Watson and Crick’s Discovery of the Structure of DNA Influenced American Industries and Scientific Development in the United States
	X-ray crystallography helped determined the three dimensional structure of DNA when Franklin returned to England. She became the first person to find the molecule¡¯s sugar-phosphate backbone while working with a team of scientists at King¡¯s College in London. Unfortunately, leadership misunderstandings and personality conflicts depreciated Franklin¡¯s effectivness in the laboratory. Maurice Wilkins, the laboratory¡¯s second in command, returned from a vacation expecting Franklin to work under him. Franklin came to the laboratory with the understanding that she would be researching alone. While Franklin was direct and decisive, Wilkins tended to be alluding and passive-aggressive. As Franklin made further advances in DNA research, Wilkins secretly shared her findings with the famous duo of Watson and Crick, who were then working at Cambridge. Franklin¡¯s discoveries fueled their research machine, allowing them to advance beyond others in the field. They would eventually publish on DNA structure in 1953. Due to discriminatory procedures at King¡¯s College, Franklin eventually left to become the lead researcher at London¡¯s Birbeck College--upon agreeing not to work on DNA. She furthered her studies in coal and made significant advances in virology. Franklin died in 1958 of ovarian cancer. She lived 37 monumentally significant years.
The skills explained in this book are locomotor and manipulative. Locomotor skills involve movement of the whole body, such as while leaping or skipping. Manipulative skills involve using equipment, such as ...
His two major breakthroughs paved the way for the world of science to come. His first breakthrough was protein sequencing. Before Sanger’s experiments, it was known that proteins had different physical properties, biological functions, and amino acid compositions, and most of it controlled by genes. However, it was widely questioned how large molecules, such as proteins could be created, and many believed that proteins were formed randomly. That was the common belief, which was taken seriously until Sanger forever changed this belief. Through his experiments Sanger proved that proteins were made up of a sequence of amino acids. To do this, he developed various methods of sequencing proteins, but the method that was successful, was the one using what is a chemical, now called “Sanger’s Reagent.” In this case, Sanger used this chemical, and Bovine Insulin, to sequence the first protein, a discovery for which diabetics are forever grateful. His discovery was groundbreaking and founded the modern study of enzymology, and ultimately earned him the nobel prize in 1958. However, Sanger did not stop here, later in 1962, he joined the Medical Research Council’s Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC-LMB). Although he was the head of protein chemistry, he joined the MRC-LMB, shifting his focus from protein chemistry to nucleic acids and began developing new methods of sequencing RNA. Later, these methods translated into DNA, where he and his team used various methods to approach DNA sequencing. The first method they used was called the “plus and minus” method, followed by a new method developed by Sanger and his team. This new method was the process of using chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase, called dideoxynucleotides, to sequence DNA. Ultimately, this newly developed process was called “Sanger sequencing.” Using this method, Sanger and his team
Although Watson and Crick were the ones who came out on top, discovering the double helix, it would not have been possible without the assistance of many other scientists; Rosalind Franklin in particular. Rosalind Franklin’s outstanding pictures of DNA and research on the matter of the location of the phosphate groups were what allowed Watson and Crick to finish their model. She was a brilliant scientist and unfortunately she was not recognized for her remarkable discovery. Rosalind Franklin died at age 37 of ovarian cancer which is thought to be an effect of the work she dedicated her life to. Working with x-ray crystallography exposed her to the excessive radiation that brought on the cancer.
He finds comfort away from the eccentricities of Francis Crick and “took great delight in soap bubble models,” illustrating a love of science transcending the need for recognition, which permeated the story. Despite being depicted as a man of with more old-fashioned ideologies, he is still given sufficient credit and pleasure at “the fact that the X-Ray method he had developed… was as the heart of a profound insight into the nature of life…” Maurice Wilkins was the mediator between the scientific genius and the unimpeded excitement and need for recognition which possessed Watson and Crick. Much to Watson’s surprise, upon hearing about their success, “there was not a hint of bitterness in [Wilkins’] voice.” His dedication to biology was untouched by the incessant need for recognition which plagued the minds of Francis Crick and James
Simply put, DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce. The discovery and use of DNA has seen many changes and made great progress over many years. James Watson was a pioneer molecular biologist who is credited, along with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, with discovering the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. The three won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962 for their work (Bagley, 2013). Scientists use the term “double helix” to describe DNA’s winding, two-stranded chemical structure.
DNA is important because it is found in all living things like plants and animals. It is located in the nucleus of a cell. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid which is what contains our genetic code. Many scientist contributed to the discovery of DNA and it’s structure. Like Frederick Griffith, Oswald Avery, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase. Also Erwin Chargaff, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Francis Crick.
“Education is a social process; education is growth; education is not preparation for life but is life itself.” John Dewey describes and supports progressivism, an education philosophy that I professionally identify with. Progressivism is a student centered philosophy that focuses on experiences, opportunities, and values that enhance a student 's learning and life. The role of the teacher is to act primarily as a facilitator of learning, they encourage and guide students to explore and promote individual development. As a future educator I believe it is important to involve students and allow them to take responsibility for their own learning and achieving their goals. The role of the student is to discover, engage, and express themselves.