The Counter-Reformation also known as the Catholic Reformation took place in Italy during the 1500’s. The Counter-Reformation was an event that happen within the Roman Catholic which tried to abolish the mistreatment of regulations within the church. The Counter-Reformation was essentially the attempt to reform the Catholic Church ideals, so they wouldn’t lose anymore citizens to the Protestant religion at the time. The Counter-Reformation arose largely due to the effects of the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century where there was a religious, intellectual, political, and culture uproar that divided South Europe. The Protestant Reformation was were the citizens started to question the Catholic religion
practices and beliefs. Most importantly the Protestant Reformation was a movement of Christian reformers who had the mindset of changing the Roman Catholic Church for the better and to do away with the teaching and the promoting of selling of indulgences.
The Reformation occurred all over Western Europe. It was mostly set in Germany where various parts of corruption in the Church happened. Martin Luther started the process of the Reformation, he was German so he understood how the Catholic Church took advantage and didn't think this was fair. The Catholic Reformation took place between 1450-1650 which was the biggest revolution in Germany, although the understanding of Luther's actions weren't taken notice of until he put the 95 Theses on the Church's door. Luther felt that Bishops and Priests didn't understand the bible correctly. Luther wanted the Reformation to help fix this by helping the uneducated and powerless. Some of the movement of this was
The Protestant Reformation was a period of time (1500-1700) where there became a change in Western Christendom. This reformation was caused by the resentment from the people because the Catholic Church abusing their powers for political and economic advances. In this time the church was selling pardons for sin and indulgences to forgive sins, decrease days spent in purgatory and save the dead from damnation. The reformation was when people became more aware with the back hand dealings with the church and men like Martin Luther and John Calvin created their own churches to what they believed was not corrupt unlike the church. Unfortunately there many consequences as far at the Roman Catholic church attempting to bring people back to the church,
The protestant reformation, Protestants, and the Counter Reformation were all contributors. The Protestant Reformation was the want of changes from the people of the Roman Catholic Church. People wanted an end to the corruption, and some people like Martin Luther died for what they believed. After the needs of the people weren’t acted upon they started their own protestant church. Keep in mind that was not the initial plan but they were eventually forced into doing it. According to……. The Protestants also had an important role because they started everything. They started the reformation and kept going until they got their want. Some of the people were Martin Luther, John Calvin, King Henry VIII of England, Charles I of Spain, John Wyclif, and Jan Hus. Everyone had great contributions to the western worldview. According to…………. Last but not least the Counter Reformation also contributed to the worldview. It was a group of people against the protestant reformation. They fought the Protestants and were sometimes working for the Roman Catholic Church. These people believed that the church was fine as it is. Still due to the splitting of the churches and giving choice in faith gave people more understanding. This also lowered the selling of indulgences and other money making ideas from church officials. Less corruptions was seen which was
“Baroque: Dominant style in western European art and architecture from late 16thC [entury] to mid- 18thC [entury]. Started in Rome, with the reassertion of Roman Catholicism in the Counter-Reformation. and then spread to northern Italy and other parts of Europe” as defined by a website containing nothing but art terms, is the time period that I chose to analyze how religion was used through paintings as ammunition for the Counter-Reformation. The Counter Reformation was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself in the midst of the Protestant Reformation.
The protestant reformation of 16th century had both: immediate and long term effects. Thus, we can see that it was a revolution of understanding the essence of religion, and of what God is. The protestant reformation is said to a religious movement. However, it also influenced the economical, political and social life of people. The most global, short term effect of the reformation was the reevaluation of beliefs, and, as a result, the loss of authority of the Holy Roman Empire. The long term effects were: the emergence of new heretical movements, the declining of papacy, thus the reevaluation of people’s view on the church and life values.
The period immediately following the Protestant reformation and the Catholic counter reformation, was full of conflict and war. The entire continent of Europe and all of it's classes of society were affected by the destruction and flaring tempers of the period. In the Netherlands, the Protestants and the Catholics were at eachother’s throats. In France it was the Guise family versus the Bourbons. In Bohemia, the religious and political structures caused total havoc for over thirty years; and in England, the Presbyterians thought that the English Anglican Church too closely resembled the Roman Catholic Church. Religion was the major cause of the widespread turmoil that took place throughout Europe between 1560 and 1660.
The scene that would forever change the world took place on October 31, 1517 in Wittenburg, Germany. An Augustinian monk named Martin Luther, in an act of fury toward the corruptions of the Catholic Church, nailed his famous Ninety-five theses on a cathedral door. (1) The Catholic Church was caught off guard and never imagined the force of what was to become the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic Church realized that in order to combat and prevent the spread of Protestantism, they not only needed major reform from within but also needed its influence to extend out onto the world. This period of retaliation was called the Counter or Catholic Reformation. The soldiers selected to carry out this mission were the Jesuits, affectionately known as “ God’s Soldiers,” and for good reason.
All of Europe used to be united under one religion, Catholicism. Europe started inching away from Catholicism during the 13th - 15th centuries. The church leaders started to only think about money and the power they held, instead of the real reason they were supposed to be there, God. This caused an uprising of people who no longer wanted to be a part of the Catholic church, nicknamed Protestants because they protested the ways of the catholic church. The Protestant Reformation was caused by corruption in the church, Martin Luther and John Calvin’s ideas, and the clergy and their preachings.
What happens when people start to break away from the entity that bound an entire civilization together for over a thousand years? How does one go from unparalleled devotion to God to the exploration of what man could do? From absolute acceptance to intense scrutiny? Sheeple to independent thinkers? Like all revolutions preceding it, the Protestant Reformation did not happen overnight. Catholics had begun to lose faith in the once infallible Church ever since the Great Schism, when there were two popes, each declaring that the other was the antichrist. Two things in particular can be identified as the final catalyst: a new philosophy and simple disgust. The expanding influence of humanism and the corruption of the Catholic Church led to the Protestant Reformation, which in turn launched the Catholic Reformation and religious warfare.
A picture is worth a thousand words. In the 17th century, the Baroque period became one of the most prominent art styles in the Western world (Sayre 309). The Baroque is stylistically complex, and even contradictory, as an example would be using both light and darkness to add more drama to the artwork. The term itself is complex and contradictory as well, as Baroque derived from the Portuguese “Barocco”, which means misshapen pearl (Baroque Passions). The reason why the Baroque style developed was due to the Catholic Church trying to regain its followers and believers from the Protestant Reformation. This movement against the Protestant Reformation is called the Counter-Reformation (Sayre 310). One method that the Catholic Church used to tempt people into its religion was art. According to Sayre, art is a sensual appeal not just intellectually, but emotionally as well; the Church believed that using emotional appeal was the key to the Church’s success. One artwork in particular that relate to the Baroque and the Counter-Reformation was the Triumph of St. Ignatius of Loyola by Andrea Pozzo. Andrea Pozzo created the art piece around 1691-94 in the Church of St. Ignatius in Rome, Italy (Sayre 317). The painting in the ceiling is a magnificent artwork that was created in the Baroque period, but what exactly makes it a Baroque artwork? Claiming that it was painted in the time era is not sufficient evidence as to why it’s Baroque, so there are two points to evaluate in order to ascertain the painting’s relation to the Baroque era: The styles and characteristics used in the painting and how the content of the painting relates to the Counter-Reformation. Let’s start with the characteristics of the artwork.
Having a religion change, many times, takes a toll on those who follow. This would include the hardships of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation. Religious tensions were spreading throughout Europe, starting from the Protestant Reformation. Some of those who followed the Catholic church began to question how much was true and how many lies they were told to believe in. Many important Leaders of the Reformation stated their opinions about that Catholic church. These opinions would then be evaluated in the Catholic Reformation, The Council of Trent. Beliefs would be revised and practices would be evaluated. The core beliefs would still be Catholic, thus still different from a protestant beliefs. This led to officials of states
The council of Trent took place because over previous years within the Catholic Church there was corruption with different issues/beliefs. The Reformation was influenced by 3 main men; Martin Luther, Henry VIII and John Calvin.
with his 95 Theses. A strict father who most likely did not accept “no” as an
The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century is one of the most complex movements in European history since the fall of the Roman Empire. The Reformation truly ends the Middle Ages and begins a new era in the history of Western Civilization. The Reformation ended the religious unity of Europe and ushered in 150 years of religious warfare. By the time the conflicts had ended, the political and social geography in the west had fundamentally changed. The Reformation would have been revolutionary enough of itself, but it coincided in time with the opening of the Western Hemisphere to the Europeans and the development of firearms as effective field weapons. It coincided, too, with the spread of Renaissance ideals from Italy and the first stirrings of the Scientific Revolution. Taken together, these developments transformed Europe.
...such as Italy and Germany. Italy and Germany's economy went bankrupt, causing an increase of famine and disease to spread throughout the populace. The main effect the Reformation had on Europe was the religious thinkings. The Churches now taught the importance of the individual conscience and gained new purity and strength through counter Reformation. The counter Reformation was created by the Catholic Churches as an answer to the Protestant Reformation.