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Columbian exchange and native Americans
Columbian exchange and native Americans
A paper on Christopher Columbus: The Discovery
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Running Head: The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exhange
The Columbian Exchange
Hieu Le
Columbia Southern University
The Columbian Exchange
Considering Christopher Columbus?s exploration in the Americas, this exploration has benefited to the Europeans to enrich their commodities and fulfilled the labor forces in this continent. By utilizing Columbus? exploration as a leading indicator, many Europeans have sailed to the Americas again in the fifteen centuries, which called the Columbian Exchange. Besides, the motive for the European to sail to the new world was the shortage of food supplies, commodities, and overpopulation. Although this exchange has benefitted the European greatly, especially in Spanish, it also brought many negative impacts to the native Americans? culture, millions of native have killed. The exchange also created the slavery exchange, where the middle and west Africa took place. Equally, this exchange also created the problem of mutual culture in different regions, particular in the Americas and later, the Asia, where it had the least impact of the Europeans.
In order to concord the Americas, the Spaniards realized they need to defeat the two longtime Empires in the Americas, the Aztec, and later, the Incan
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Empire. Despite for having fewer troops compare to hundred thousand troops to native Americans, Hernan Cortes, one of the best Spanish warriors, implemented superior fighting strategies to capture Aztec capital in 1522 (Levack, Muir, & Veldman, 2011). Furthermore, to eliminate the last resistant force, the Incan Empire, Francisco Pizarro, also a longtime Spanish fighter, and his troops landed in Peru to capture Incan Emperor Atahuallapa and executed him in 1533 (Levack et al., 2011). The death of Incan Emperor led to the surrender of this empire and authorized the Spanish completely control Lima, and the entire of Peru. Also, the Europeans performed another wrongful tactic by request the natives converted to Christian. This requirement has been opposed by the local people and the publics. In order to complete this goal, the Europeans killed millions of native or vanished them (Levack et al., 2011). Thus, most of the remained survivors became Christian and erased majority the traditional culture, which the Aztec and Incan have built up for many years. Moreover, The Spaniards continued to intrude their unethical movement by disposed different deadly viruses to the natives. The motive was to vanish majority native Americans and replaced them by Europeans people. In the result, millions of native Americans have been suffering by deadly symptoms and killed by following days (Levack et al., 2011). Eventually, the European discovered Peru and their neighborhood contained richly of gold and silver. Therefore, they forced the local labors, mostly the natives, to mine these valuable resources and transported them back to Spain to satisfy their king?s demand. Following the Spanish?s movement in the Americas, the Portuguese made their moves by invaded Brazil. In 1500, Pedro Cabral successfully commanded Brazil?s government to sign the Treaty Tordesillas. This agreement allowed the Portuguese to manage the whole country (Levack et al., 2011). Because Brazil?s climate perfectly to grow cane trees, the Portuguese utilized the local labor forces to produce sugar, and exported to the European region, where the demand of sugar was surging. However, the process to make sugar required intensive amount of labors, therefore, the shortage of labor occurred. To increase the labors, Portuguese imposed the slavery exchange policy. They transported many people in the west Africa and transported them to Brazil to work for. Because Brazil did not have much of rare commodities, the Portuguese looked to Asia, where they believed that the region would provide gold, silver, and other great resources (Levack et al., 2011). By contrast to Americas, Asian continent was totally different aspects and the Europeans acknowledged the difficulties, include the travel distance was too long for this region. One of the notable resistance that the Europeans have noticed, the Asian territory mostly well defended by the Ming dynasty, which included well-trained military and intellectual Emperor. Admitting the difficulties, the Europeans adapted a democratic policy with China. This policy allowed the free trade in the Asian continent, included commodities, food supplies, and other durable goods to satisfy both parties? demand (Levack et al., 2011). In conclusion, Columbian Exchange considered mostly a negative occurrence to the people and society.
This exchange impacted to million native Americans, who suffered in the offensive deployment by the Europeans. Thus the South America experienced the most encounters due to lack of intelligence and weak military. The most criticized exchange was the slavery policy, where the Europeans were able to buy and sell Africans freely in order to profit themselves. The only bright sight in the Columbia Exchange was the trading agreement between the Europeans and the Ming dynasty. This agreement later, expanded to other regions to satisfy the goods and needed services of human and helping the world?s economy grows
dramatically. Reference Levack, B. Muir, J. & Veldman, M. (2011). The west. Encounters & Transformations. (Custom ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Published by Longman.
In Alfred J. Crosby’s book, The Columbian Exchange, the author examines the impact of the New World on the Old World, but also the impact the Old World had on the New World. One key distinction Crosby notes is how the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus challenged the intellectual systems of Christianity and Aristotelianism. Most notably, the discovery of a world that was, in fact, “new” was so contradictory to scholarly work of the past, such as Aristotle or found in the Bible, that assumptions were made on where to fit the New World into a Christian and Aristotelian world. For example, previous findings under Aristotle, which were still utilized into the 15th Century, had “quite logically supposed the equatorial zone of
As we all know from the memorable song, in 1492 Columbus sailed to find the New World, commonly known as the Americas. Many idolize Columbus for his accomplishment in colonizing the Americas and starting the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange is the sharing of plants, animals, diseases, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres as a direct result of Columbus’ arrival to the Americas. However, we often oversee the downfalls of the Columbian Exchange. Some consequences of the exchange are the spread of disease to the Native people and settlers, the destruction of the Native population, and the disappearance of the Natives custom’s, beliefs, and way of life.
Christopher Columbus is a mythical hero or in other words, not a true hero. The story of Christopher Columbus is part of the many myths of Western civilization. Also the story of Christopher Columbus represents the power of those that are privileged and in most cases white European men that have written this mythical history. Zinn (2009 exposes the truth about Columbus through eyes of the people who were there when he had arrived which were the Native Indians (p.481). Columbus had kept a personal journal for his voyage to describe the people and the journey. What was evident throughout his journal was the Native Americans were very nice, gentle and kind hearted people (Zinn, 2009, 481). As Zinn suggests Columbus spoke of the Native Americans as” they are the best people in the world and
The Columbian Exchange is a global exchange of goods and ideas between the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) and the New World (America). When Columbus first discovered America, Spain wanted to set up colonies. Columbus found some people that he named “Indians.” They colonies started to trade with each other, and by doing do, they started the Columbian Exchange. Many countries were involved in this trade, including China, Africa and Italy. This exchange of new ideas, traditions, food, religion and diet changed cultures everywhere.
Christopher Columbus is profoundly known to be the key asset to advance European culture across seas. The Columbian Exchange, colonization, and the growth of slave usage throughout the usage of the Triangular Trade, all conveyed foreign practices to the American Continent while also interrupting, but at the same time joining with the lifestyles of the inhabitants of these lands. A mixture of processes and voyagers transformed America into a “new world”, catching the world by surprise. America would not have developed to the period in existence today, if it was not for this growing period of the “old” and “new” worlds. A global world is in continuation through today as nations continue to share cultural
World History Wiki." Welcome to CDA's World History Wiki Updates - CDA's World History Wiki. http://cdaworldhistory.wikidot.com/the-columbian-exchange-and-global-trade (accessed April 3, 2012).
The Columbian exchange was the widespread transfer of various products such as animals, plants, and culture between the Americas and Europe. Though most likely unintentional, the byproduct that had the largest impact from this exchange between the old and new world was communicable diseases. Europeans and other immigrants brought a host of diseases with them to America, which killed as much as ninety percent of the native population. Epidemics ravaged both native and nonnative populations of the new world destroying civilizations. The source of these epidemics were due to low resistance, poor sanitation, and inadequate medical knowledge- “more die of the practitioner than of the natural course of the disease (Duffy).” These diseases of the new world posed a serious
What are the most common things associated with the exchange and how did they influence cultures on both sides of the Atlantic?
Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the New World in 1492 sparked an era known as the Columbian Exchange, in which the exchange of plants, animals, technology, ideas, and diseases occurred. It also marked the migration of many European settlers into the Americas, where they implemented their Eurocentric ideology on the First Nations who were residing there. A large amount of Latin Native Americans were taken as slaves back to Europe, or forced to commit rigorous labour and chores on sugar and coffee plantations in the Caribbean or South America. European monarchs utilized such resources through a mercantilist policy, giving Europe an economic boost. Based on the profits they were making through colonialism, they decided to set out and go imperialize more territory around the world. These events reinforce the idea that Europe could only flourish through the marginalization of Aboriginal
Labor shortage and certainly did make room for immigrant newcomers. Combinations of indigenous, European and African people created a new society in the Americas. Europeans and Africans brought not only germs and their people but also their plants and animals. They also changed the environment. Even more innovative were their animals: horses, pigs, cattle, goat, and sheep. New domesticated animals made possible the ranching economy and cowboy cultures, hunting bison by horseback. American food crops spread widely in the Eastern Hemisphere. The American crops later provided cheap and reasonably nutritious food for millions of industrial workers. Exchange with the Americas reshaped the world economy because of the silver mines of Mexico and Peru and the millions of African slaves to the Americas. The plantation owners of the tropical lowland regions needed workers and found them by millions in Africa. The slave trade which bought these workers to the colonies, and the sugar, and cotton trade, which spread the fruits of their labor abroad, created a lasting link among Africa. The Columbian was enormous network of communication, migration, trade, disease, and the transfer of plants and animals, all made by European colonial empires in the
Many years ago, continental drift took the Old and New Worlds apart, dividing North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That disconnection lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for example, the growth of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic. Subsequently 1492, human travelers in part altered this propensity. Their reestablishment of relationships through the merge of Old and New World plants, creatures, and diseases, frequently known as the Columbian Exchange. It’s one of the most spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium.
The Exchange brought about many changes in the world, both good and bad. Although it is true that it was a direct result of Christopher Columbus' voyages to America, we must realize that if it hadn't been Columbus who started it, then it would have been another explorer, returning from their journeys wishing to show the wonders they found in foreign places.
Concluding, the significance of the Columbian exchange greatly impacted what we know of life today. The major impacts that have shaped what we know of the world today happened during the Colombian exchange. The major impacts of the Colombian exchange was Christianity that led to the rise of the Catholic Church, new food crops and domesticated animals that improved the Europeans and American living, new military technology such as weapons and horses, slavery of the natives and Africans and diseases that drastically harmed the different ethnic groups. Colombian Exchange between the old world and the new world still holds a drastic impact on the world today. If we didn’t have these influences then the world would be completely changed. Trading still continues today and has made an impact all over the world.
The Columbian exchange was the exchange of slaves, animals, crops, and resources. The Columbian exchange was not as serene and hygienic as explorers and Native American would have liked it. The first reason the Columbian exchange is a significant impact to the European exploration is crops. The east part of the word was growing wheat, barely, rice, and fruit (1). The west of the world was growing potatoes, tomatoes, and fruits (1). The two worlds would trade crops which each other giving the other something they didn’t have. This was not the only things they trade, livestock was also traded. The west part of the world didn’t have a lot of animals and the animals they had weren’t agriculture animals. The animals that Europe sent were horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep (1).The lifestyle of the Native American change when the horses were introduced into their life. The European didn’t send crops and livestock to the new world, they also sent disease. The Europeans sent disease that were nasty, harmful, and very contagious. The European sent disease such as smallpox, Malaria, Diphtheria, and others (1). These diseases were sent to the new world by the ships, people, and especially the pigs. These diseases killed lots of Native American in the New World and was devastating. The Columbian exchange was a great lift for the Europeans because of trade, but not so good for the Native Americans.