letter to William Swift in Chicago in regards to John Stewart’s ranch 71, just a few short months later his firm would sue Stewart. It is very likely that John Clay, made indication to Swift that A. H. Swan was not accurately counting his cattle as well and that another law suit was in the future for their company again. James Wilson, owner of the Swan Land and Cattle, who later accused Swan of cheating him out of nearly 30,000 cattle in the deal, from the premise had already hired a man named Thomas Lawson to come to Cheyenne to report Swan and his associates. On June 11, 1882, the Cheyenne Daily Leader disclosed those lodging at the Inter-Ocean hotel in downtown Cheyenne. Among the guest, that day was Thomas Lawson of Scotland. …show more content…
Was Lawson’s visit to Cheyenne six months prior to the closing sale between Wilson and Swan merely coincidence or had this deplorable plan been in the plans for months prior? According to an April 5, 1883, Laramie Bloomerang newspaper this was nothing more than a report Lawson was giving Wilson and in accordance to what the paper said Lawson and Wilson visited once more in November prior to the purchase in December. The two in fact did visit Cheyenne that November and the purchase was made the follow December. The following April, Mr. Lawson visits yet now a third time and with this visit this seems from all aspects an informal wrap up of everything before A. W. Swan takes over the reins once again. The April 5, 1883, Laramie Bloomerang, gives glowing reviews of the cattle to include the great work Swan and his partners are doing with this newly organized cattle cooperation. The paper said that Mr. Lawson “spoke highly of Mr. Swan’s systematic, judicious, and economical management”. A. W. Swan was considered one of the best cattleman in the region, however on this particular day he should have had a lawyer present prior to signing the documents that read: “The agreement provides for the appointment by the board of an inspector, who shall verify the representations in the inventories as to the property described therein, other than the livestock and whose report shall be conclusive; and the vendors agree to make good any deficiencies, which such report, shall declare to exist. They further, as to the livestock, guarantee that the herd books of the vendors, showing the acquisitions, increase, disposition of, and number of cattle on hand at the date of the purchase have been truly correctly kept. In addition, the directors have received information from various independent sources regarding the quality of the range, the numbers of the cattle, and the status of the vendors, and have satisfied themselves that the representations made to them on these points are substantially correct. Copies of the herd books have been examined and the case of the two older companies has also been compared with the business books by Messrs. Howden and Molleson, chartered accountants, Edinburgh. who certify that the books have been well kept and that the attested copies of the herd books substantially agree with the business books”. It is hard to imagine A. W. Swan did not realize when he signed these papers seven years later the cattle empire he once knew would come crashing down around him. Throughout 1884-1886 A. W Swan and his brothers did quite well for themselves as they continued to work for the bigger corporate company and continue to manage the three small companies underneath the larger company umbrella. Things were going great for Swan with the sale of his companies. The life of a cattle baron was outstanding and the dividends were paying off. That same year, he collaborated with F. E. Warren, M. E. Post, W. C. Irvine, and C. E. Anthony in starting another railway in the region, the Cheyenne, Blackhills & Montana Railway. This railway lasted less than a year, and from an article in the Cheyenne Daily Sun, company was established for the sole purpose of getting railway placed in the direction they were seeking, not so much in having a new railroad company. Swan and other contributors were merely putting up money to establish as F. E. Warren stated, “It only asked for the bonds that it might have practical inducement to present and secure the construction of a road (railway)”. Swan continued to invest with some of the wealthiest of cattle barons as the years past. His dealings with F. E. Warren, W. C. Irvine and A. R. Converse, is so interesting because they so influential in the cattle industry. Swan’s success is apparent through 1885 and 1886 as he bought a large amount of shares in the Ogalalla Land Office and Cattle Company, and later became the Vice-President of the company. Then in 1886, he struck big at Carbonate Bell Crown Mine he co-owned with two others. Swan’s successes continued to mount financially, while still serving as the Vice-President of the First National Bank of Cheyenne, and member of the executive committee of the Wyoming Stock Growers Committee, life was good. However, the stories of power and wealth of the Wyoming cattle barons that are told, A. W. Swan’s story does not end as glamorous as his baron colleagues. Thomas Lawson, the Scottish appraiser hired by James Wilson, appeared back in the life of A.
W. Swan, 1887, with a lawsuit from the Swan Land & Cattle Company of Edinburg, Scotland through Swift and Campbell acting as their attorney. The company was suing Swan and his associates for $800,000. This lawsuit stemmed from the agreement Swan signed back in 1883, stating; “vendors agree to make good any deficiencies which such report shall declare to exist”. The Cheyenne Daily Sun, reported accusations were presented by the Swan Land and Cattle Company which stated Swan had indicated in this herd book that 81,675 cattle were shipped but there were not quite 60,000 delivered, and then 22,826 calves where supposed to be delivered when only 16,000 were in the final shipment. Wilson the owner believed $800,000 would cover his losses for the cattle and the calves combined. Between the losses suffered by A. W. Swan during the Blizzard of 1887 and then the lawsuit, he was now in a downward spiral that we know he never recovered. His other endeavors may have assisted him in digging out of this vast financial hole he found himself in. Sadly, Swan was so indebted he was unable to pull together the resources to settle his outstanding obligations. The situation for Swan had become so bad that the First National Bank where he was Vice President sued him. A. H. Swan and his other associates were being sued for not paying back a loan of $25,000 they loaned from the bank …show more content…
back in the summer of 1887 ; the court awarded the First National $27,591 in damages, which of course added to the predicament Swan, was in. A. H. Swan had other investments such as the mining company, however, they were liquid assets that had not paid out yet, and now was a point he need cash to pay for the debt he owed. Not one of the baron’s that knew Swan came to his aide during this crisis. Nevertheless, this author is of the opinion there was a clear reason why much of this happen. The influence of the cattle baron was behind the scenes in what was happening to Swan and his company, someone did not want this cattle baron to succeed. In 1892, the cattle baron no longer played a secondary role. Their influence and power had far exceeded anything that Swan and his partners encountered just a decade before. Now, the barons wanted just more than to bankrupt any threat, but to annihilate them all together. By the cover of night fifty-two armed men boarded a secret train in North Cheyenne, Wyoming headed for Casper, The mission of this throng was to hang seventy men on a “dead list “or “daisy list” in the town of Buffalo, Wyoming located in Johnson County which, at that time was considered to be a haven and hideout for numerous cattle thieves in Wyoming Territory.
T. A. Larson, a historian and authority on Wyoming history ranked this event as “the most notorious event in the history of Wyoming”. Prominent men of the Wyoming Stock Growers Association, their employees and hired guns from Texas, Idaho and other parts of the United States, made of this troop of men. The group of invaders disembarked the train in Casper and continued by horseback to Buffalo, Wyoming. This historic event focuses on Johnson County and the city of Buffalo. However, Cheyenne the capital city of Wyoming played a major role in the “range war” where the Johnson County War originated and concluded when the invaders were arrested and brought back for trial. Many of those who left with the mob were residences of Cheyenne; others who prevented the soldiers from pursuing them were also residence of Cheyenne. Even those who brought them and detained them and those who told the story of the Johnson County War called Cheyenne home. There were three key groups within Cheyenne heavily involved with the Johnson County War. These groups not only participated in this event, but also were accessories to the
alleged murders of least five men and one woman. These participants were the Wyoming Stock Growers Associations (W.S.G.A) or (Association), local and state government officials and local business owners within the city of Cheyenne. It is amazing to see the influence the cattle industry had on those within Cheyenne and the depth of deceit and deception they went to in order to keep the money and lifestyle they were living. Many within state government and even federal government were members or former members of the W.S.G.A. Amos W. Barber, who was acting Wyoming Governor during the raid on Johnson County, was a strong ally to the stockman, which seems strange when you look at Barber’s background. Born in Pennsylvania, Barber went to college graduating with a literary and medical degree. He served in the Civil War as a surgeon and continued his practice as a surgeon Douglas Wyoming and eventually Cheyenne. Later in his career, he was nominated by the Republican Party to run for Wyoming’s Secretary of State on the same ticket as Governor Francis E. Warren. Eleven short months later after his win, Warren resigned as governor to take a position as a Wyoming Senator placing Barber into the governor’s seat. This might not be unusual to have happen, unless you look at those Barber knew. Governor Barber happened to be classmates and friends with Dr. Charles Penrose from the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania; Penrose was the physician who accompanied the raiders to Johnson County. Barber, was aware of the plan that was taking place in Cheyenne and what was about to be executed by the invaders. In Bill O’Neil’s book The Johnson County War, he brings up a great point about the acting governor. In taking the position of the governor, he was well aware of certain laws and regulations, which prohibited such events from taking place. Therefore, as governor, he (Barber) had to ensure that no harm came to these invaders nor interference from outside sources to break up what was already in motion. Governor Barber had to keep federal troops from engaging with the invaders and had to keep them at bay when they breached Johnson County. Orders were sent down to the Wyoming National Guard that read, “GENERAL ORDER NO. 4 Colonel DeForrest Richards, Commanding First Regiment Infantry Wyoming National Guard, is hereby directed to instruct his company commanders that they shall obey only such orders to assemble their commands as may be received from these headquarters, to assist the civil authorities in the preservation or enforcement of the laws of the State of Wyoming. By the order of the Governor and Commander and Chief – Frank Stitzer Adjutant General . With this order, Barber halted any ground forces that could come to the aid of Johnson County residence if indeed these “rustlers” were in fact not, what the W.S.G.A. had accused them of being. Many questioned Governor Barber's actions in having the invaders now prisoners brought from Buffalo (Johnson County) back to Cheyenne (Laramie County). These prisoners were
1. Case name: Geringer v. Wildhorn Ranch, Inc., 706 F. Supp. 1442 - Dist. Court, D. Colorado 1988
Her little boy wasn't expected to make it through the night, the voice on the line said (“Determined to be heard”). Joshua Deshaney had been hospitalized in a life threatening coma after being brutally beat up by his father, Randy Deshaney. Randy had a history of abuse to his son prior to this event and had been working with the Department of Social Services to keep custody over his son. The court case was filed by Joshua's mother, Melody Deshaney, who was suing the DSS employees on behalf of failing to protect her son from his father. To understand the Deshaney v. Winnebago County Court case and the Supreme courts ruling, it's important to analyze the background, the court's decision, and how this case has impacted our society.
On September 4, 1958, Dollree Mapp’s was convicted in the Cuyahoga County Ohio Court of Common Pleas (Mapp v. Ohio - 367 U.S. 643 (1961)). On March 29, 1961, Dollree Mapp v. Ohio was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States after an incident with local Ohio law enforcement and a search of Dollree Mapp 's home (Mapp v. Ohio 367 U.S. 643 (1961)). In the Bill of Rights, the Fourth Amendment protects and prohibits all persons from unreasonable searches and seizures. However, can evidence obtained through a search that was in violation of a person’s Fourth Amendment rights still be admitted in a state criminal proceeding? This is the issue that will be thoroughly examined in the landmark case of Dollree Mapp v. the State of Ohio (henceforth
Even though, the U.S. had been treating them unfairly, Dull Knife says in the story, "we are sickly and dying here, if we die in battle our names will be remembered and cherished by all our people.”, which in short explains why the Dull Knifes, despite not being too fond of the U.S. government, volunteer to fight for the U.S. Army in every war of the 20th century. They wanted to leave a legacy and become immoral in a sense. By having an impact on U.S. history through warfare they would always be remember for years to come. Furthermore, they became homesick and heartsick and leave Oklahoma on September 9, 1878. The chiefs lead, sixty warriors to protect the women, children, elderly men, and young boys. There were also dog soldiers in the rear, which ensured that they would be well protected. In total during this journey were three hundred Cheyenne people. This was a daring and courageous spring towards freedom. Through a six hundred mile journey of battle there were four major battles with seven companies of infantry that had to be
On June 25, 1876, The Battle of Little Bighorn took place near the Black Hills in Montana. This was one of the most controversial battles of the 20th century and the line between good guys and bad guys was grey at best. Gen. George Armstrong Custer (reduced to LTC after the civil war) had 366 men of the 7thU.S. Cavalry under his command that day. Sitting Bull (A Medicine Man) led 2000 braves of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes (Klos, 2013). At the conclusion of the battle, the stories of the Indians savagery were used to demonize their culture and there were no survivors from the 7thcavalry to tell what really happened.
Army in 1874, when General George A Custer said that gold had been discovered in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory. This was a sacred area to many tribes and had always been off-limits to white settlement since the signing of the Fort Laramie Treaty. The government tried to purchase this land, but failed, so the Fort Laramie Treaty was set aside and ordered that all Lakota were to leave their land by January 31, 1867. Sitting Bull refused to leave so he and his tribe stood their ground. They later realized that there were more army men than Lakota, so they joined forces with other
This essay is about the land rights of of Australia and how Eddie Marbo was not happy about his land been taken away from him. In May 1982 Eddie Marbo and four other people of the Murray Islands began to take action in the high court of Australia and confirming their land rights. Eddie Marbo was a torres islander who thought that the Australian laws were wrong and who went to fight and try and change them. He was born in 1936 on Mer which is known as Murray Island. The British Crown in the form of the colony of Queensland became of the sovereign of the islands when they were annexed in1978. They claimed continued enjoyment of there land rights and that had not been validly extinguished by the sovereign. (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012)
However, in 1863, after about a year of leading his bushwhackers, Anderson combined his forces with a larger militia organization, led by William C. Quantrill. Anderson was soon promoted to lieutenant, achieving a co-command, and partook in raids in Westport, the state of Kansas, and Lafayette County, Missouri (Stanley). On August 14th, 1863, a sister of Anderson, who was believed to act as a Confederate spy, died after a Federal prison collapsed (“”Bloody Bill” Anderson Killed”). This conflict enraged Anderson. Anderson and Quantrill assembled over four hundred men, and attacked Lawrence, Kansas, where the incident had taken place.
4.)"Rodeo Facts: The Case Against Rodeos." Winning the Case Against Cruelty. Animal Legal Defense Fund, 1979. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. .
In 1916 the Stockraising Homestead Act was implemented. This act granted stockmen 640 acres to raise fifty cows which resulted in extensive range destruction due to overgrazing.
Terra Nullius was once apparent in Australian society, but has now been nullified with the turn of the century and the changes of societal attitudes. With the political changes in our society, and the apology to Indigenous Australians, society is now witnessing an increase in aboriginals gaining a voice in today’s society. Kevin Rudd’s apology as described by Pat Dodson (2006) as a seminal moment in Australia’s history, expressed the true spirit of reconciliation opening a new chapter in the history of Australia. Although from this reconciliation, considerable debate has arisen within society as to whether Aboriginals have a right to land of cultural significance. Thus, causing concern for current land owners, as to whether they will be entitled to their land.
A number of factors led to the military's campaign against the Indians. Westward-bound settlers came into conflict with the nomadic tribes that claimed the buffalo plains as their homeland during the nineteenth century. To provide a measure of protection for these settlers, the Army established a series of frontier forts. The outbreak of the Civil War resulted in a withdrawal of the military from the western frontier. The Indians took advantage of the situation and aggressively exerted control over the Southern Plains. There was an outcry for the government to take action.
As white settlers poured across the mountains, the Cherokee tried once again to compensate themselves with territory taken by war with a neighboring tribe. This time their intended victim was the Chickasaw, but this was a mistake. Anyone who tried to take something from the Chickasaw regretted it, if he survived. After eleven years of sporadic warfare ended with a major defeat at Chickasaw Oldfields (1769), the Cherokee gave up and began to explore the possibility of new alliances to resist the whites. Both the Cherokee and Creek attended the 1770 and 1771 meetings with the Ohio tribes at Sciota but did not participate in Lord Dunnmore's War (1773-74) because the disputed territory was not theirs.
At first, this tribe moved from the Great Lakes region to the North Dakota area. This happened in the 1600-1700s. Also at this time, the Cheyenne were a sedentary tribe who relied on agriculture and pottery. Though, in the 1800s, they decided to abandon this lifestyle and become nomadic and move to South Dakota (Black Hills), Wyoming, and Colorado areas. No matter where the Cheyenne lived, they always kept their natural language, which was part of the Algonquin language family (Lewis). The Cheyenne tribe, like other tribes, had their own lifestyle, beliefs, and customs and also had conflicts with the whites. Even today, the Cheyenne Indians exist and are living well.
Many people may ask, “What the heck is the Cattleman’s Association?” Normally, the first thoughts that fill people’s minds when they hear “Cattleman’s Association” are: farmers, cows, farms, rednecks, dairy, beef, steaks, hamburger, milk, and so on. Many of these “stereotypes” prove true and many not so much. My experience with the KCA (Kentucky Cattleman’s Association) may be limited, but its roots run deep in my hometown and my family. Although a great number of my family members are in the KCA, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about them, which inspired me to “get to know” them.