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English language evolution
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In "The Case against Banning the Word ‘Retard’" a professor of law at Moritz College of Law at Ohio State University named Christopher M. Fairman, writes those who are under the power of “word fetish” are not satisfied until they stop the use of the word from others. In today’s society, an approximate of 60,000 people had pledged to support to ban the word retard also known as "R-Word" on a website called www.r-word.org because they believed this words use was "derogatory." Fairman believes that we should not ban words because of two reasons, one being that banning words leads to government language control which institutionalized word taboos, and two being that the words themselves are not the problem due to the evolutions of the meanings and uses.
Fairman also fear that the banning of any word would lead to an up rise of government language control. In New Zealand the Special Olympics had already attacked the Broadcasting Standards of Authority to forbid the use of the word retard from being able to be broadcasted to the public. This is significant because the Broadcasting Standards of Authority is known to be quite similar to the Federal Communication Commission which regulates interstate and international communication such as radio, cable and television. Overtime idea of banning any certain word has evolved and has spread to be censored in private organizations. For this reason, the idea of banning words or censoring word has already spread.
Through the 1980s to the 1990s many colleges and universities has developed speech codes which was a set of not to do rules for decreasing discrimination. The key idea that is being conveyed here is that even the biggest of any federal departments such as education have already been ce...
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...ociety has changed over time and the meanings of the word retard depends on where the word is being used either professionally or just in general. This idea is significant because Fairman is giving a historical background about how the word retard was first used and reveals how the words meaning have evolved. Last but not least, Fairman’s suggestion on how the meanings and uses of a word changes over time is shown to be credible so there is no use of "censoring" the word retard.
In conclusion, Fairman concludes his article by saying that the Special Olympics’ plan of banning the word retard and protecting intellectual disabled people from the use of the word will not succeed because new words will form to replace old words, he also concludes by saying the freedom of expressing words is very important and precious so as a result, banning a word is not worth it.
With the growing support to ban the word “retard” more and more people have come to the defence of both sides. Patricia Bauer’s “A Movie, a Word and My Family’s Battle” and Christopher Fairman’s “The Case Against Banning the Word ‘Retard’ ” are 2 such examples. Patricia Bauer, a mother of a mentally disabled child, and Christopher Fairman, a professor at the Moritz College of Law at the Ohio State University, have two completely different ideas on weather is should be banned. Bauer argues to ban it, while Fairman is against banning it. Thanks to Christopher Fairman’s good reasoning and convincing evidence, trustworthy tone, and use of background information, his points come across stronger and lead to a better argument.
Bird, Caroline. "The Case Against College." 1975 Power of Language;Language of Power. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2009. 15-18. Print.
Throughout history society has created many stereotypes and assumptions based on race and nationality to confine us into categories. The reality is, not every individual fits a specific category because we are unique even within the same ethnic group. In “On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black person” Allison Joseph illustrates some speech stereotypes that come hand in hand with her racial background and how even people from the same racial background and house hold don’t all sound alike. The author portrays that race and linguistic has such a huge impact on our daily life and how society sees her differently to others when they see she does not fit in the stereotype of sounding “like a black person” and feels frustration to being compared
It is true that retard people will feel uncomfortable and insulting when they hear the word “retard” because retard people deem that the word “retard” contains mock, disdain and discrimination from others. However, actually most of people only see “retard” as a word to describe a kind of mental sickness. Fairman, the author of “saying it is hurtful, banning it is worse” also argues that some bad words such as “retard” mostly are used as an academic word, he says that “he found nothing wrong with ‘calling a bunch of people who are retards, retards”(168). R-word is used to describe an academic mental illness most of time, and people do need a word like “retard” to functions as the name of this kind of mental disability. Before the appearance of “retard”, “idiot”,a word with worse meaning, did the same job and after the death of “retard” there must be a new word which also may be attached similar insulting meaning, accepting the same duty. Not only academic functions, some bad languages also can bring people senses of belonging. Although using new language more often instead of people’s original language can assist people more easily integrate into the new country, only motherland language contains an intimate feeling because original language
Charles R. Lawrence intended audience in his article “On Racist Speech” is college students and universities. His sense of tone is forthcoming. Lawerence word choice sets the tone by using the words conspicuous,dissenter, and bigot. The article gives examples of how universities do not protect minority college students. Lawrence states that universities should protect their students He also gives an example of how universities have tried to have rules to ban racist speech yet they have proven ineffective in stopping racial slurs. The regulations have not stopped the verbal brutality yet it has stopped the occurrences of physical fights. He mentions how students do not have any need to be hurt verbally.
Discrimination is still a chronic global issue, and drastic inequalities still exist at the present time. Thus, the Affirmative Action Law is an important tool to many minorities most especially to women, and people of color, for the reason that this program provides an equality on educational, and professional opportunities for every qualified individual living in the United States. Without this program, a higher education would have been impossible for a “minority students” to attain. Additionally, without the Affirmative Action, a fair opportunity to have a higher-level career...
The Special Olympics date back all the way to the year 1968. Many see these Games as a time to honor someone who is able to “overcome” a task, but author William Peace sees this as an insulting portrayal of people with disabilities. Peace is a multidisciplinary school teacher and scholar that uses a wheel chair and writes about the science behind disabilities and handicaps. As a physically handicapped individual, Peace is able to observe a negative portrayal of disabled persons. In his article titled, “Slippery Slopes: Media, Disability, and Adaptive Sports,” William Peace offers his own personal insight, utilizes several statistics regarding handicaps, as well as numerous rhetorical appeals in order to communicate to the “common man”
In “A Movie, A Word, and My Family’s Battle,” by Patricia Bauer makes an emotional argument that you cannot use the word “retard”, no matter how you mean it, without offending a large group of people while also setting back years of progress.
These messages may be sent verbally.... ... middle of paper ... ... The Species of the Species. The continuing significance of racism: Discrimination against Black students in White colleges.
It is thus distressing to read in David Bernstein’s excellent book how anti-discrimination laws are being used to undermine civil liberties, such as the freedom of speech, in the very home of liberty itself. The US courts have in the past upheld freedom of speech, even where it might seem to encourage crime or subversion, but they have allowed anti-discrimination laws to over-rule freedom of speech. Once again the drive for equality is revealed as the greatest enemy of individual freedom.
The two essays “On Being a Cripple” by Nancy Mairs and “A Plague of Tics” by David Sedaris are excellent pieces of work that share many similarities. This paper would reflect on these similarities particularly in terms of the author, message and the targeted audience. On an everyday basis, people view those with disabilities in a different light and make them conscious at every step. This may be done without a conscious realisation but then it is probably human nature to observe and notice things that deviate from the normal in a society. In a way people are conditioned to look negatively at those individuals who are different in the conventional
...s restricting author’s freedom of expression. By practicing tolerance and self-censorship we can help lower the amount of censored books in the upcoming decade.
Ultimately, censorship is a major controversial topic that affects people’s political and moral views. Because our current culture is full of explicit and inappropriate material it is society’s “responsibility to ensure everyone is granted access to the best education” and future, but at the same time keep up with the world’s evolution. (Wilson para.10).
Hence, censorship is essential in society to eliminate discrimination on basis of race and gender, protect children, maintain stability and restore what censor sees as lost moral values. Censorship occurs when expressive materials like books, magazines, movies, videos, music or works of art are restricted to particular audiences based on their age or other characteristics. http://www.ala.org/oif/intellectualfreedeomandcensorship.html) Censorship is not a recent development. It wasn’t imposed properly or there weren’t strict regulations before.
In modern times, censorship refers to the inspection of books, periodicals, plays, films, television and radio programs, news reports, and other communication media for the purpose of changing, altering or suppressing parts thought to be objectionable or offensive. The objectionable material may be considered immoral or obscene, heretical or blasphemous, subversive or rebellious, or damaging to the national security. Thus, the rationale for censorship is that it is necessary for the protection of three basic social institutions: the family, the church, and the state.