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Growth and development of child
Growth and development of child
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“Anatomically and functionally, the brain is the most complex structure in the body. It controls our ability to think, our awareness of things around us, and our interactions with the outside world” (Mattson Porth, 2007, p. 823). Carol Mattson Porth described it the best; the brain is the control room in our body. The brain is the organ in our skull that tells the rest of our body what to do; our lungs to breath, our eyelids to blink, and our heart to pump blood are just a couple examples of bodily functions our brain controls. And although those controls stay constant throughout life, the brain matures and develops new tricks. Many might not know much about the brain, and many may not know what the difference is between a child’s brain and a fully developed brain especially. But this is one subject that is important and relevant; it is one of the biggest developments of the human body. The brain develops and grows immensely between being …show more content…
The children now experience different phases of cognitive development. Again, Belsky explains, “Preoperational thinking is Piaget’s theory, the type of cognition characteristic of children ages two to seven, marked by an inability to step back from one’s immediate perceptions and think conceptually” (Belsky, 2016, p. 142). At this stage of cognitive thinking the children see the world and believe it as it is, they think that what they see is what is real. But then once they get closer to preadolescence they advance they cognition stage, Belsky clarifies, “Concrete operational thinking in Piaget’s framework, the type of cognition characteristic of children aged right to eleven, marked by the ability to reason about the world in more logical, adult way” (Belsky, 2016, p. 142). At this stage in life the child now has a realistic understanding of the world; they think like an adult. So, in all, as the brain develops so does the way the children
Theorists such as Piaget looked at the cognitive development of children. Piaget believed that children developed thoughts as a result of their experiences. He also suggested that childrenâ€TMs thinking and learning is different to adults. Children have four stages of cognitive development. Stage 1 is Sensori-motor, from 0-2 years babies learn through their senses and interaction with their environment and understand the world through actions. Stage 2 is Pre-operations, from2-7 years, children learn through experiences with real objects and use words to make sense of the world around them. Stage 3 is Concrete operations, from 7-11 years, children continue to learn through real objects and gain extra information from using language. Stage 4 is Formal operations, from 11 years to adult, children and adults learn to use abstract thinking to understand the world. An example of this theory linking to practice is in school, milk is served in blue cups, but if the milk is served in a pink cup one day they wonâ€TMt believe itâ€TMs milk because of past experiences. Freud has helped influence current practise by making us understand that there is a conflict between our unconscious and conscious thoughts and
The human brain is one of the body’s most complex organs. It enables us to think, move, feel, see, hear, taste, and smell. It controls the functioning of our body, receives sensory information, evaluates informationThe human brain is one of the body’s most complex organs. It enables us to think, move, feel, see, hear, taste, and smell. It controls the functioning of our body, receives sensory information, evaluates information, and stores information.
From ages seven to eleven is the Concrete Operational stage, where children develop logical or operational thought (Hoffnung et al. 2016, p. 48), and as McLeod (2009) explains this means they can solve logical problems internally rather than through the use of physical object. Children also acquire the ability to organise objects based on physical characteristics like size, shape and colour (Lilienfeld et al. 2015, p. 411). They still lack abstract thought, which defines the transition into the next stage as it begins to develop (Hoffnung et al. 2016, p.
Piaget’s theory is developed from the idea that the child constructs their knowledge individually whereas Vygotsky argued that children develop tools of learning by communicating with more knowledgeable others (O. Lourenco 2012). Piaget suggested that children develop through a series of four stages in their thinking – the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational stages each of which causes broad changes in the child’s intelligence structure and their logic (reference). These four structures are mental operations which are applied to anything in the child’s world these mental operations are referred to as schemas which grow and change from one stage to the next (book). Vygotsky had very different idea on this subject although they both agreed that the child is the active constructor of their own knowledge
Both Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that children's cognitive development took place in stages. (Jarvis, Chandler 2001 P.149). However they were distinguished by different styles of thinking. Piaget was the first t reveal that children reason and think differently at different periods in their lives. He believed that all children progress through four different and very distinct stages of cognitive development. This theory is known as Piaget’s Stage Theory because it deals with four stages of development, which are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. (Ginsburg, Opper 1979 P. 26).
The brain is an amazing thing, but it’s also such a weird thing. We just have this 3 pound ball of nervous tissue inside of our skull that helps us walk, talk, move, solve problems, write, read, imagine impossible situations that will stress you out at 4 AM , feel emotions, stores memories, and so many other incredible things.
Piaget believed that language development is associated with cognitive development or one’s own thought processes. Children ages 2-7 years old classify in Piaget’s preoperational cognitive stage. In this stage children use their well-developed ability to symbolize events or objects that are absent. Although children can represent the absent objects, they do not permit the child to think about the reversible cost of actions. According to Piaget, comprehending at this stage is based on appearances rather than main beliefs (Gray, 1991). For instance, one child playing with a ball of play dough may say they have less than the child playing with a flat piece of play dough simply because it is shaped differently. Also during the preoperational stage children are able to expand their vocabulary from 3,000 words to 8,000 words. Their sentences grow in length and complexity. They commonly use grammatically correct sentences and learn the basics of writing and reading (Cooter & Reutzel, 2008).
The brain is one of the most interesting yet the most complex part of the body. Since no one can really see what’s inside, it’s a big question for most people on how it works. The brain is made up of more than 100 billion neurons that communicate through the synapse. It controls all the function of the body, receive and interprets information and process thoughts and emotions (Hines, 2016). It is one of the most important part of the body. How we remember, how we think, do and etc. is made possible because of the brain. The brain is divided into three main parts: cerebellum, cerebrum and brainstem. Each part has its own specialised area on the body in order to function well (Hines, 2016).
The brain is the control center of the human body. It sends and receives millions of signals every second, day and night, in the form of hormones, nerve impulses, and chemical messengers. This exchange of information makes us move, eat, sleep, and think.
Piaget believed that children in this stage experience two kinds of phenomena: pretend play and Egocentrism. Pretend play is the ability to perform mental operations using symbols. Egocentrism is the inability to perceive things from a different point of view. For example, a child covering his own eyes, because he believes that if he can’t see someone, then they can’t see him as well. When a child is seven to eleven years old, it is in the concrete operational stage. At this point, Piaget believed that children are able to grasp the concept of conservation. Conservation is the principle that mass and volume remain the same despite the change in forms of objects. For example, children at this age are mentally capable of pouring a liquid in different types of containers. Piaget also believed that at this age a child is capable of understanding different mathematical transformations. At the age of 12, children reach the Formal Operation stage, the final stage in Piaget’s stages of Cognitive Development. This is the
Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory states that a child goes through many set stages in his or her cognitive development. It is through these stages that the child is able to develop into an adult. The first of these stages is called the sensorimotor period in which the child’s age ranges from 0-2 years old. During this sensorimotor period of a child’s development, the child’s main objective is to master the mechanics of his or her own body. Towards the end of this period, the child begins to recognize himself as a separate individual, and that people and objects around him or her have their own existence. The child, however, does not have a sense of object permanence meaning that when an object is taken away, the child no longer believes that that object actually exists. As the child nears the end of this period of development, he may seek an item that has been hidden in the location where he or she last saw it, but does not look elsewhere (Smith). During the preoperational period, which lasts from age 2-7, the child has come a long way in his or her cognitive development since his or her birth. In this period, the child has a very basic understanding of the inner workings of his or her mind and is ready to interact with their environment in a more symbolic way. A limitation during this period is known as egocentrism. The child has a hard time realizing that though there are many other people and things in their world, none of them are more important that the child himself. The child believes that his point of view is the only point of view of the world. This is caused by his inability to put himself in someone’s else’s shoes (Smith). The concrete operational period, spanning between the ages of 7 and 11, is marked by the onset of logic to the young mind. The child is able to mentally manipulate objects and events. In other words, he or she can imagine squashing a clay ball ...
Piaget theorised that children’s thinking goes through changes at each of four stages (sensory, motor, concrete operations and formal operations) of development until they can think and reason as an adult. The stages represent qualitatively different ways of thinking, are universal, and children go through each stage in the same order. According to Piaget each stage must be completed before they can move into the next one and involving increasing levels of organisation and increasingly logical underlying structures. Piaget stated that the ‘lower stages never disappear; they become inte... ...
The theory of cognitive development also happens in stages. Piaget believes that children create schemata to categorize and interpret information. As new information is learned, schemata are adjusted through assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is when information is compared to what is already known and understand it in that context. Accommodation is when schemata is changed based on new information. This process is carried out when children interact with their environment. Piaget’s four stages include sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.Sensorimotor happens between the ages of 0-2, the preoperational stage happens between the ages of 2-6. The concrete operational stage happens between the ages of 7-11, the formal operational stage happens between ages 12 and up. During the first stage, children develop object permanence and stranger anxiety, the second stage includes pretend play and egocentrism language development. The third stage includes conservation and mathematical transformations, the last stage includes abstract logic and moral
Piaget’s Cognitive theory represents concepts that children learn from interactions within the world around them. He believed that children think and reason at different stages in their development. His stages of cognitive development outline the importance of the process rather the final product. The main concept of this theory reflects the view th...
The brain is an astonishing product of evolution. This can be seen by our numerous technological developments and society structure. The brain has always been the most important organ for species that had developed past the cellular stage and has always performed the same functions that it does now but has developed constantly to where it is now through growth and a reorganization of its’ primary functions and gained the ability to learn has been something that the human brain does better than other brains. Our brains have not always been like this and many social and biological factors have led us to where they are now.