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Contemporary African Witchcraft
Transition from childhood to adulthood
Transition from childhood to adulthood
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Those of us that have celebrated those magical birthdays between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one can all share our “coming-of-age” stories; the tales of how we defined ourselves to be grown-ups and independent of our parents or guardians’ care. The transition from adolescence into adulthood varies all around the world. If you were like me and born in the United States, adulthood is recognized by the government once you turn eighteen years old. Although, in this culture, once you turn eighteen perhaps your parents recognized it for you and sent you to college or go into the world and find your own way. Elsewhere in the world, different cultures and religions around the world set their own mark to when they believe this metamorphosis takes place. This can be heavily influenced by one’s parents, religion or through traditional ceremonies or rituals. I recently explored two coming-of-age stories of William Kamkwamba and James Baldwin. The first memoir I read, “The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind…” written by William Kamkwamba tells the story of being raised during the 1990s and early 2000s in the country of Malawi, a small country in southeast Africa. Malawi is a place where luxuries or opportunities are scarce and where people still rely on magic or witchcraft. Kamkwamba’s father, a maize and tobacco farmer, taught him from an early age the importance of providing for one’s self and one’s family. Kamkwamba was close to his father who was also a devout Christian and he always served as a source of guidance and inspiration for his entire family which also consisted of Kamkwamba’s mother and six sisters. In Malawi, farming is the primary means of survival, and as a male it is customary for fathers to pass down the practices of farming t... ... middle of paper ... ...ade in my life as well as how I view authority. I also, without reason, have resented those who have attempted to get close to me and play the role of a father figure. I feel that my transition into adulthood was more drawn out over time through various experiences on my own instead of one defining moment. Because of this I found myself having a special relationship of compassion and understanding with these two texts as it has given me insight to what I think, a fatherly relationship should be. Works Cited Kamkwamba, William, and Bryan Mealer. The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope. New York: HarperCollins, 2009. Print. Baldwin, James. “Notes of a Native Son.” (1955): Rpt. In The Writer’s Presence: A pool of Readings. 6th ed. Ed. McQuade, Donald, and Robert Atwan. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 33-49. Print.
Baldwin, James. ?Notes of a Native Son.? 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.
“Notes of a Native Son.” 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.
Tanner, Laura E. "Uncovering the Magical Disguise of Language: The Narrative Presence in Richard Wright's Native Son." Appiah 132-146.
Narrative is a form of writing used by writers to convey their experiences to an audience. James Baldwin is a renowned author for bringing his experience to literature. He grew up Harlem in the 1940’s and 1950’s, a crucial point in history for America due to the escalading conflict between people of different races marked by the race riots of Harlem and Detroit. This environment that Baldwin grew up in inspires and influences him to write the narrative “Notes of a Native Son,” which is based on his experience with racism and the Jim-Crow Laws. The narrative is about his father and his influence on Baldwin’s life, which he analyzes and compares to his own experiences. When Baldwin comes into contact with the harshness of America, he realizes the problems and conflicts he runs into are the same his father faced, and that they will have the same affect on him as they did his father.
Baldwin, James. “Notes of a Native Son.” 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.
Baldwin, James. “Notes of a Native Son.” 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.
Baldwin, James. “Down at the Cross.” 1995. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998:296-347.
For it is our surroundings that often influence the way we react, depending on the situation. After Wright's death, many other novelists and authors were inspired by him and continued the fight for equality, among them James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, Ann Petry, and Chester Himes. Although the final chapters of his life closed many years ago, Richard's hopes and dreams today remain an open book. Works Cited:.. Native Son by
In the essay “Stranger in the Village”, by James Baldwin, printed in The Arlington Reader, the author, a black African-American, narrates a personal history of the few times he visited Leukerbad, Switzerland. During his stay there he observes the Swiss culture and the reactions of their encounters with not only an American, but a black African-American. He compares this in contrary to the way White Americans react to his presence. He uses bona fide and particularized description and narration early in the essay. He transitions into comparing and contrasting, traveling, in his thoughts, back and forth from Switzerland to America. His tone is gradually growing more powerful as he progresses into argumentation and exemplification as
Margolies, Edward. “History as Blues: Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man.” Native Sons: A Critical Study of Twentieth-Century Negro American Authors. J.B. Lippincott Company, 1968. 127-148. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski and Roger Matuz. Vol. 54. Detroit: Gale, 1989. 115-119. Print.
Adulthood has often been associated with independence. It serves as a turning point in life where one has to take responsibility for oneself and no longer being dependent on his or her family. Early adulthood, usually begins from late teens or early twenties and will last until the thirties (Santrock, 2013). Early adulthood revolves around changes and exploration while middle and late adulthood are more of stability. The transition from adolescence and adulthood differs among every individual. The onset of the transition is determined by many factors such as culture, family background, and the personality of the individual. Emerging adulthood (as cited in Santrock, 2014) is the term to describe the transition period from adolescence to adulthood.
Everyone that have ever lived to adulthood, understand that difficulty of the transition to it from childhood. As of right now, I am in the prime of the “coming of age “transition. The overwhelming pressure of our society that forces the adolescence to assimilate the social norms is felt by many. Just as in our first steps, our first words or anything that is expected in our human milestones, coming of age is one of them. It may variety from different societies, religious responsibility or modern legal convention; everyone had to reach this point eventually.
Adolescence refers to the transition period experienced by children that occur between childhood and adulthood (Shefer, 2011). Identity is first confronted in adolescence between the ages 12 – 19 years old, because of physical and hormonal changes in the body. It is also due to the introduction of formal operations in cognitive development and societal expectation that this contributes to an individual’s identity to be explored and established (McAdams, 2009). The forces within and outside (family, community) the individual that promote identity development usually create a sense of tension. The basic task is, in Erikson’s terms, “fidelity or truthfulness and consistency to one’s core self or faith in one’s ideology” (Fleming, 2004: 9), in a nutshell: "Who am I and where am I
Childhood and adulthood are two different periods of one’s lifetime but equally important. Childhood is the time in everybody’s life when they are growing up to be an adult. This is when they are being considered babies because of their youthfulness and innocence. Adulthood is the period of time where everybody is considered “grown up,” usually they begin to grow up around the ages of eighteen or twenty-one years old but they do remain to develop during this time. However, in some different backgrounds, not everybody is not fully adults until they become independent with freedom, responsible for their own actions, and able to participate as an adult within society. Although childhood and adulthood are both beneficial to our lives, both periods share some attributes such as independence, responsibility, and innocence that play distinctive roles in our development.
Becoming an adult, also known as young adulthood, is a very crucial stage in one’s life. This is the climax of physical and health processes. This is the point in life when we make plans of our futures. It is the time when we think of what life will be like as an adult and make plans for the future. Most importantly, it is when we lay the starting point for developmental changes that we will undergo throughout our lives. An adult is a person who is fully grown or developed. Some people believe that you become an adult when you are 18 years old, other believe you are an adult when you can legally buy and consume alcohol, that is, at age 21 in the United States. Others believe that you are an adult when you are supporting yourself