On the morning of November 4, 1791, Major General Arthur St. Clair, along with an estimated 1400 soldiers, came under a coordinated attack by Chief Little Turtle and over 1000 Native American warriors. By the end of the day, the casualties on the American side were well above nine hundred. The Native Americans casualties were fewer than one hundred and fifty. St. Clair’s defeat, or the Battle of the Wabash, resulted in America’s largest defeat in any one battle against Native Americans. President George Washington demanded and received St. Clair’s resignation from the army. St. Clair faced the first Congressional Special Committee investigation and the course of the United States military changed.
The defeat of St. Clair came at a time when the newly formed United States experienced economic and organizational issues. Hoping for a quick victory and control over newly acquired territory, the defeat of St. Clair exemplified the lack of training, procedure, and discipline of the United States Military. Instead of victory, the young United States recognized the need for training, organizing, and equipping a national military. After St. Clair’s defeat, the founding fathers who were leery of any free standing military, understood the need for a well trained, organized, and well funded national army. St. Clair’s defeat proved that a militia failed in properly protecting the country.
After the American Revolution, there was little public interest in entering into the western conflict with the Native Americans. The British, reluctant to release control of forts at Detroit, Mackinaw and Niagara, enjoyed the support of local tribes. The main interest of the British was to preserve lucrative trade along the Great Lakes. The Native America...
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