The Battle of Nanjing, also known as the Rape of Nanjing was a particularly horrific battle during World War II from December 9, 1937 to January 31, 1938. After World War I, Japan was suffering crucial economic complications. Due to the fact that America was experiencing the Stock Market crash, they were not purchasing any goods from the Japanese and business was deteriorating. They started to demand more territory, and they were bothered by the fact that countries were investing more in China. The Japanese viewed China as a threat, and they assassinated Chang Esolin, and blew up one of their own railways that was located in southern Manchuria on September 18, 1931. Not only did they blow up the railway, but also they then murdered Chinese guards and contrived a story that made the Chinese look atrocious. This then gave the Japanese a justification to obtain Manchuria, and rename it Manchukuo. Chinese were maddened by this action, and a group of Japanese Buddhist Priests was besieged by a Shanghai mob. One of the priests was murdered, and Japanese immediately reciprocated this action by bombing the city of Shanghai. The bombing killed thousands of civilians, and exasperated the Chinese so deeply that it provoked a full-blown war with the Japanese. When the Japanese came to their destination of Nanjing, the Chinese were apathetic to their demands of surrender. General Iwane Matsui along with Lieutenant General prince Asaka instructed the Japanese 36th Infantry Regiment of the 9th division to bombard the Chinese at Guanghua Gate. Their technologically advanced weaponry absolutely devastated the Chinese troops, and they gained entrance to Nanjing through the demolished gate. Tang Shengzhi, the leader of the Chinese troops fundamenta... ... middle of paper ... ...Matsui had said, “Both Prince Asaka and Lieutenant General Yanagawa... were there. I told them everything had been lost in one moment through the brutalities of the soldiers. And can you imagine it, even after that, those soldiers laughed at me.” Tang Shengzhi was the First Commander for the Chinese during the battle, due to the fact that Chiang Kai-Shek did not want the burden. Works Cited n.a., . "Nanjing Massacre." New World Encyclopedia. n.p., 5 Sept. 2008. Web. 8 Mar 2014. C. Peter Chen, . "Battle of Nanjing and the Rape of Nanjing." World War II Database. Lava Development. Web. 8 Mar 2014. n.a., . "Rape of Nanking." Constitutional Rights Foundation. Consitutional Rights Foundation. Web. 8 Mar 2014. C. Peter Chen, . "Iwane Matsui." World War II Database. Lava Development. Web. 8 Mar 2014. Chang, Iris. Rape of Nanking. New York: Basic Books, 1997. Print.
In 1937, Japan started a war against China, in search of more resources to expand its empire. In 1941, during World War II, Japan attacked America which is when the Allies (Australia, Britain etc.) then declared war on Japan. Before long the Japanese started extending their territory closer and closer to Australia and started taking surrendering troops into concentration camps where they were starved, diseased and beaten. When they were captured, one survivor reports that they were told
Kelman, Herbert C., Hamilton, V. Lee. “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience”. Writing & Reading for ACP Composition. Ed. Thomas E. Leahey and Christine R. Farris. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2009. 266-277. Print.
The war itself was filled with many battles, deaths, and decisions. Although the state of Japan in 1945 was a defeated nation, they refused to surrender, which was a key reason why Truman dropped the Atomic bombs. There are many important events and reasons as to why President Truman decided to drop the Atomic bombs on Japan. Japan's actions from 1852 to 1945 were stimulated by an extensive aspiration to elude the providence of 19th-century China and also to overtake it as a great power. When Japanese soldiers stormed into Manchuria in 1931, Japan commenced the first in the succession of annexations and conquest throughout the 1930’s that positioned the phase of the war.
Hann-Shuin, Yew. "The Rape Of Nanking: A Quest For Peace." Chinese American Forum 22.3 (2007): 3. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 2 Apr. 2014.
When most American people think of Germany, they think of sports cars made for the autobahn, sauerkraut, Adolf Hitler, and the Holocaust. Compared to Germany, when most American people think of Japan they think of sushi, Godzilla movies, Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. World War II was such a significant event in history that almost 70 years after it came to an end, today’s younger generations often associate former Axis controlled countries with the war. People around the world are filled with disgust and immense hate when they hear the name Hitler, mainly because of his leadership under the Holocaust; which was the discriminatory mass genocide of 11-17 million people, the vast majority of which were European Jews. Hirohito, former Emperor of Japan, should strike a similar bell with people when they hear his name because Japan carried out genocide on Chinese civilians and soldiers in World War II. Japan’s attack on the Chinese city of Nanking, was one of the most atrocious events in history. This event has been named both the Nanking Massacre and the Rape of Nanking. The torturous, violent techniques used by the Japanese army upon Chinese civilians and soldiers including dehumanizing them, addicting them to drugs, and other perverse and violent acts, are some of the most grosteque methods ever recorded that could only be thought of by sadistic Japanese soldiers. The events committed by the Japanese army in Nanking, are equally as disgusting as the acts that Nazi Germany committed and should become a major topic involved with World War II in the future, despite the lack of light shed on it in the past for various reasons.
Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1941–1945). US Naval Institute Press.
Retrieved from http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/chapter1.htm
[18] Smith, Craig S. “China, in Harsh Crackdown, Executes Muslim Separatists.” New York Times, Dec. 16, 2001, p. A1.
Williams, Sarah. "Genocide: The Cambodian Experience." International Criminal Law Review 5.3 (2005): 447-461. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.
At the end of the Opium War, China was left defeated. While the loss severely undermined the Qing Dynasty's power, little did they know that their loss would have serious repercussions. The emperor signed a treaty with the British that would later be known as one of the “Unequal Treaties” made in China during this period. The treaty in question was named the treaty of Nanjing (also known as the treaty of Nanking). This treaty would have lasting effects even into recent history.
The Rape of Nanking, also known as the Nanking Massacre was a six week period when mass numbers of Chinese men and woman were killed by the Japanese. Embarrassed by the lack of effort in the war with China in Shanghai, the Japanese looked for revenge and finally were able to win the battle. The Japanese moved toward the city of Nanjing also known as Nanking and invaded it for approximately six months. Even though the people of Nanjing outnumbered the 50,000 Japanese, they were not as masterful in warfare as their opponents. Chinese soldiers were forced to surrender to the Japanese and the massacre began in which around 300,000 people died and 20,000 women were raped. The Japanese leaders had different methods of killing that were instructed to the soldiers. However, the prisoners of this “City of Blood” soon found their liberation and their justice was served.
Slowly, though, the Allies gained ground and continued to push back the defensive lines of General Ushijima and his troops. The Japanese tried to use kamikaze air and land attacks as successful offensive measures, but these continued to produce little effect and failed each time. Finally, the Allies started to gain ground quite quickly. The Japanese had to move their defensive lines several times because the Americans were boxing them in. At last, General Ushijima ordered every man to fight to the death, and the fighting became very disorganized.
...he Chinese knew that they could not fight the Japanese until they worked together, however Chiang did not stop fighting the communists. According to Ebrey, “In 1936 troops that had been driven out of Manchuria by the Japanese were ordered by Chaing to blockade the Communists in Yan’an. When Chiang came to Xi’an, they kidnapped him and refused to release him until he agreed to form a united front with the communists against Japan.” (Ebrey, 450). Now working together, Chiang started to defend China against Japan. However, the Japanese forces still could not be stopped and on December 1937, Japan, “went on a rampage, massacring somewhere between 40,000 and 300,000 civilians and fugitive soldiers, raping perhaps 20,000 women, and laying the city waste.” (Ebrey, 450) Japan absolutely destroys the city of Nanking and this period becomes known as the Rape of Nanking.
Japan surrendered in several places from September 7th to September 16th. Works Cited O’Neill, William L. World War II Student Companion. 1 ed. of the book. William H. Chafe, b. 1875.
The 1911 Revolution kicked out the Qing Dynasty and broke the barriers to different developments in China. However, the 1911 Revolution has only provided a framework of a republic and made changes in some particular aspects related to immediate problems and difficulties in society. Hence, the relationship between the revolution and the subsequent development of China was very weak. On one hand, I do not agree with the latter part of the statement that the 1911 Revolution brought new problems to China. The conflicts and problems that China suffered in the early/ mid 1910s were mainly due to the weakness of the military force, conflicting political organizations and disorder in society. On the other hand, I agree with the first part of the statement that the 1911 Revolution did not bring peace to China afterwards. In the following paragraphs, I am going to focus on explaining the reasons of emerging new problems in China and also illustrate my points on the factors of the 1911 Revolution which could not bring in peace to China related to the conditions of the country.