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Last and biggest of the Pacific island battles of World War II, the Okinawa campaign (April 1—June 22, 1945) involved the 287,000 troops of the U.S. Tenth Army against 130,000 soldiers of the Japanese Thirty-second Army. At stake were air bases vital to the projected invasion of Japan ("Battle of Okinawa," 1996). The Battle of Okinawa remembered more for its iconic photograph of US Marines raising the US flag on Okinawa more so than any other war or battle ever fought. Okinawa the largest of the Ryukus islands played a major role in the American forces overall strategic efforts to advance to the mainland’s of Japan. Because it was the last major battle of WWII, the battle of Okinawa used lessons learned and TTP’s from all previous battles with the Japanese to successfully employ combined striking power of the services and techniques of amphibious operations.
Operation Iceberg was the official Okinawa campaign name. Because of its strategic importance to both the Japanese and the American’s, the Thirty-second Japanese Army commanded by General Mitsuri Ushijima, was ordered to defend Okinawa at all cost. The Japanese forces would change their typical tactics of strong defensive positions at the beaches and water’s edge as seen in the other pacific battles notable the battle of Iwo Jima. Instead they used burial tombs as forts so the Americans would have to bring the fight to them. Because of the desperation felt by the Japanese forces leading up to the battle and American forces making steady advances toward Japan, the Japanese forces felt the battle could not be won. They were ordered to by time for Japan to build its defenses around the homeland. Japanese were not only dying for their county but taking their own lives as ...
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...6 wounded. The Battle Okinawa lost two of the highest ranking officers to die during WWII, with both Commanding officers dying in the Battle. The battle of Okinawa was an example of applying lessons learned and TTP’s in previous battles along with sound leadership and effective training that ultimately led to the Americans victory. Even without normal intelligence assets the Americans adapted their own TTP’s and used other assets to cover missing intelligence gaps on the battle field.
References bryce, R. (n.d.). The battle of okinawa. Retrieved from http://www.okka.co.uk/battleokinawa.html
Battle of okinawa. (1996). Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of okinawa (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle_of_okinawa.htm
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/chapter1.htm
Sanderson, Jefferey. "GENERAL GEORGE S. PATTON, JR.” Last modified may 22, 1997. Accessed January 4, 2014. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCwQFjAA&url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a331356.pdf&ei=tYbHUtv3HcGs2gX2u4HAAQ&usg=AFQjCNFU5EzdWjKlt81w8gh_Bj2UEttaZw&sig2=aAz3jIZg7U6peDzL_i8w9w.
The battle is over. The NVA forces had suffered hundreds of casualties and were no longer capable of a fight. U.S. forces had suffered 79 killed and 121 injured and had been reinforced that would guarantee their safety the safety of all the companies as they medivacd all the wounded and dead, and resupplied. The actions taken by Moore and his command group, from Company Commanders to NCO’s, saved the lives of numerous American soldiers. This battle shows the leadership and unit discipline needed to survive and be combat effective in adverse situations.
“Pacific Situation Declared Eased by Battle of Midway.” Los Angeles Times 10 June 1942: 2 ProQuest. Web. 13 March 2014.
bombers initiated the first bombing of the island. The bombings by the Japanese continued until December 23, when under continuous shelling, the Americans, under U.S. Navy Commander Winfield Scott Cunningham, were finally forced to surrender. Although the Japanese finally took the island, they incurred heavy losses. Three cruisers and one transport sustained heavy damage, two destroyers and one patrol boat were sunk, while 820 Japanese soldiers were killed, with another 333 wounded. In contrast, American military casualties included 120 killed, 49 wounded, with two missing in action.
The Battle of Normandy was a turning point in World War II. Canada, America, and Great Britain arrived at the beaches of Normandy and their main objective was to push the Nazi’s out of France. The Invasion at Normandy by the Allied Powers winning this battle lead to the liberation of France and Western Europe. Most importantly Hitler’s was being attacked from both the eastern and western front, and caused him to lose power. If the Allied Powers did not succeed in D-Day Hitler would’ve taken over all of Europe.In a document written by General Dwight Eisenhower he persuades the allied powers to invade Normandy. Dwight Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890. Eisenhower became the 34th president of the United States. He served as the president from January 20, 1953 through January 20, 1961. Before his presidency Dwight participated in World War I and was moved up to captain. Dwight would then take part in World War II and work his way up to becoming a General.
Blair Jr., Clay (1975). Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. p. 1072.
...whereas the U.S only lost 1, the USS Yorktown which was already heavily damaged from previous conflicts in the Coral Sea. Had the U.S lost at Midway, the Japanese would have achieved their goal, and finished what Pearl Harbor started by permanently crippling the U.S Navy. In a Preface from an excerpt by Japanese Airman Fushida Mituso (Who famously Shouted “Tora, tora, tora”) the Japanese loss at Midway did the exact opposite of crippling the Navy. “During the Next two years while Japan’s Shipyards Splashed out six new heavy carriers, America’s turned out 17” (Mituso).
...er 'Phelps' finished off the 'Lexington' with five torpedoes, the Lexington sank. Japanese later called off trying to capture Port Moresby, for they feared that the American still has the power to destroy many of their landing crafts. The Japanese came out the best in Battle of Coral Sea. The loss of the 'Lexington' was great and far outweighed the loss of the “Shoho'. In total the Japanese lost 43 planes to the Americans. The battle is seen as an American victory because in the end it stopped the Japanese from doing what their plan was to do, and that is capture Port Moresby and it excluded Australia. This was a great victory for the Americans. The Battle of Midway did more damage to the Japanese, then the others did.
Due to advances in code breaking technology, the United States was able to decipher a code sent to the Japanese navy, preventing an ambush that was planned with its last few aircraft carriers. Due to this code breaking, the U.S. navy was able to strategically place its ships in an excellent counter-attack setup. U.S. bombers caught the Japanese while they were refueling so they took advantage of the situation and attacked. The entire strength of the Japanese fleet was wiped out. The names of the four aircraft carriers were Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu. This was an important victory for the United States as it put them in an offensive position. “Some historians see Midway as the turning point in the Pacific theater of the war, after which Americans rode straight to Tokyo; others view it as a cusp in the war, after which initiative hung in the balance, to swing toward the Allies in the Guadalcanal campaign. Either way, Midway ranks as a truly decisive battle.” (History.com staff. History.com. Battle of Midway. April 27,
By April 4, the 1st Marine Division had finished its cross-island maneuver, and had nothing left to do. So, they decided to turn back and scout through the land it already secured. At this point, remnant Japanese fighters both civilian and military in origin began attack the 1st in guerrilla style assaults. These fighters, however, were not at all trained for this type of attacking. They were difficult for the marines to initially spot, but once they showed themselves they were quickly defeated. In order to reduce the number of guerrilla fighters faced, the Tenth Army began placing all male Japanese civilians in internment camps on the island starting on April 11. Eventually, Japanese civilians of all ages and genders were interred, thus effectively ending the threat of the guerrilla fighters. However, these guerrilla groups were still encountered throughout the battle on Okinawa, but they proved to be a very little threat (“Battle of Okinawa: Summary”). The 6th Marine Division continued moving north almost completely unopposed. They did encounter any significant resistance until April 13, when they reached Mount Yae Take, which is located at the center of the Motobu Peninsula, in northern Okinawa. The battle at Mount Yae Take lasted four days and involved artillery support and naval gunfire. After the Japanese at Yae Take were defeated, the Americans were able to move all the way north on the island, completing their maneuver. The team that was moving towards the southern point of the island was known as the XXIV Army Corps (“Battle of Okinawa: Summary”). The XXIV Corps consisted of the 7th, 27th, 77th, and 96th Infantry Divisions (Trueman). It was on April 6 that the XXIV Corps met their first true opposition from the Japanese. The defenders were so well fortified and so well organized and so great in number that the current number of American soldiers that were pressing the attack against them
World War II consisted of many devastating battles in both the European and the Pacific Theater. The Battle of Okinawa was fought in the Pacific theater. In the beginning of the battle there was little opposition from the Japanese soldiers but as the American troops traveled more inland the more resistance they met. Eventually, the 10th Army came against the fierce challenge of the intricate defense lines the Japanese held up. Many caves and pillboxes in the hills created a formidable challenge for American troops. Slowly though the Allies gained ground and continued to push back the defensive lines of General Ushijima and his troops. The Japanese tried to use kamikaze air and land attacks as successful offensive measures, these continued to produce little effect and failed each time. Finally, the Allies started to gain ground quite quickly. The Japanese had to move their defensive lines several time because the Americans were boxing them in. At las,t General Ushijima ordered everyman to fight till the death and the fighting became very disorganized. On June 21, all the loss ends were tied up. America had won Okinawa.
A major victory for Allied forces occurred during the battle of Iwo Jima where United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the Island from the Japanese empire11. Iwo Jima is the only battle in World War Two by the U.S. Marine Corps in which the overall American Casualties exceeded those of the Japanese. During the Battle of Singapore, Allied forces in Singapore attempted to resist the Japanese during the invasion, unfortunately they surrendered to the Japanese on February 1942 and about one hundred thirty thousand Indian, British, Australian, American and Dutch Personnel became Prisoners of war and remained in the Philippines, captured by Japanese soldiers1. Prisoners of war often suffered and died during capture because of the abuse they received. They often starved and cached diseases and illnesses during captivity. Prisoners felt they had been abandoned by the country they once fought for. With the aid of Philippine Guerillas, Allied forces managed to raid a camp in Cabanatuan on January, 1945. More than five hundred prisoners of war received their liberty once again1. Bec...
Battle of Midway, 4th June -- 7th June, 1942." » Maintenance Mode. N.p., n.d. Web. 17
19 February 1945 marked the beginning of one of the fiercest and bloodiest; and more decisively, the most strategically important battles fought during World War II. A total of 6,821 U.S. Marines had lost their lives, along with 19,217 wounded over the five-week span of the battle for Iwo Jima. Of the 22,000 Japanese soldiers on the island, only 212 were taken prisoners. “Iwo Jima was the only battle by the U.S. Marine Corps in which the overall American casualties (killed and wounded) exceeded those of the Japanese, although Japanese combat deaths were thrice those of the Americans throughout the battle (O'Brien, 1987).”
The Bataan Death March was marked as a major turning point in World War II. The American and Filipino soldiers held out for four months in the Philippines as the Japanese invaded the every other island in the Pacific. After bombing the American base located at Pearl Harbor, a day later the Japanese headed towards the Philippines for another attack. By March of 1942, the Japanese had taken control of all of the Western Pacific islands excluding the Philippines. After a month, the Japanese had captured the capital city of Manila within the Philippines. Unfortunately, this forced all American and Filipino soldiers to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. General Douglas MacArthur was initially in charge of the American soldiers at the Philippines. MacArthur’s original plan was to hold his ground and wait until the United States’ Navy...