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Suez canal crisis 1956 summary essay
Suez canal crisis 1956 summary essay
The Suez Crisis of 1956
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The Battle of Ismailia took place during the later stages of the Yom Kippur War on October 18 thru the 22 of 1973. The battle was fought between the Egyptian Army and the Israeli Defense. The purpose of the battle was to get the city of Ismailia by the means of stopping the supply lines of Egypt’s Second Field Army throughout the Suez Canal.
The event that led to the beginning of Yom Kippur War was when Egypt launched Operation Badr. From there it came to a halt but when President Anwar Sadat launched an attack through the Sinai Mountain passes, it totaled in Egyptian loss without achieving a purpose. From this failed mission, it made the Israelis think that they had a chance of beating the Egyptians so they launched Operation Abiray-Lev, which was Israelis trying to cross the Suez Canal so that they could close in the Egyptians forces towards the east side to stop there supply line. Soon after, the Israelis had some problems of trying to establish a corridor to the canal because they undermined the strength of the Egyptian forces. By October 18 there were three Israeli armored divisions across the canal, one of the divisions moved forward toward the north to invade Ismailia, while the other two went towards the Suez City.
First Day of Battle
On October 18, the Israeli paratroopers started their journey northward towards the city of Ismailia. Ariel Sharon, commander of the 143rd Armored division decided to order an attack towards the north even though he did not have permission to do so. As the Israelis approach the city of Ismailia, they soon started receiving fire and thereafter had to retrieve because the Egyptian defense seemed a little too strong for them. The Egyptians were ordered to retreat but couldn’t because they we...
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...at had command post to attack. The next morning of the 22nd the Israelis aircraft tried to attack near the algalaa’ base and were able to destroy the Abu Gamoos Bridge in Ismailia. Although the Israelis did attack many places the Egyptians still had an advantage of position, which helped them repel attacks. By nightfall, the United Nations Security Council Resolution imposed a truce on October 22,1973 that would have to be in effect in less than 24 hours. Both sides had men wounded in the battle, even if they were really close to each other both sides still had to abide by the ceasefire.
The Egyptians were able to have tactical and strategic plans that led them to their victory. Ariel Sharon believed he could have gotten Ismailia but was stop short. Overall, the Egyptians thought that the reason they won was because they had great resistance against the Israelis.
In the Middle East, by July 1956, tensions were rising. The Egyptians were denied funds from the Us, Britain and the World Bank for the creation of their Aswan dam to affiliation with the Soviet Union. In desperate need of funds for the dam project, the Egyptian government had nationalize the Suez Canal Company, froze its assets in Egypt, and proposed to use canal tolls to pay for the dam (Hillmer, 1999, p. 226). In fear of the Egyptians cutting off the transportation of Arabian oil and Asian goods, the British, French, and Israel secretly planned an attack on Egypt. Meanwhile, the Israelis and the Arab states, including Egypt, were having an arms race. Israel was concerned with self-preservation while the Arabs, who had opposed Israel's creation, wanted to destroy it. The Americans opposed the British, French, and Israeli invasion of Egypt because it didn't want to offend the Arab states where US oil companies were drilling. On the other hand, the US was wiling to supply Israel with weapons if the Soviet Union sent arms to the Egyptians. Such military support could inevitably have lead to a nuclear war. Through ties with Britain, Canada was expected to aid in the invasion pf Egypt but Canada was reluctant and saw how much actions might put their relationship with the Americans in danger.
Throughout the battle, you see numerous Army Values and Warrior Ethos being used. “I will never leave a fallen comrade”, was the etho used the most, to reach the separated platoon. The battle also shows that not all tactical orders are effective, but as a leader you must never second guess yourself.
In this paper, I will provide a Battle Analysis and outline the events leading up to and surrounding the Battle of 73 Eastings (refers to a north-south grid line). In addition, I will describe how the United States Army’s (USA) 2nd Armored Calvary Regiment (ACR) defeated forces from the Iraqi Republican Guard (IRG) using speed, technology and superior combat power. Although some consider the Battle of 73 Eastings extremely successful, some consider it a failure due to the large amount of Iraqi forces that retreated towards Bagdad. Lastly, I will analyze how each side used their intelligence assets and what they could have used to change the outcome.
At the beginning of the Suez Canal crisis many individuals felt hostility towards each other and the main concern was the ownership of the Suez Canal and to who exactly would gain the authority to run it on their own accord. In 1954 Gamal Abdul Nasser came to power in Egypt, he was once formally known as an Egyptian army officer, before becoming a politician. After the attack of the Israelis in Gaza, Egypt to protect Israel from hostility the Egyptians had been putting forward against them; many Egyptians felt hatred for the Egyptian king, this led to a democratic system being built and that was how Nasser came to power in a democratic society in which he was able to play on the hearts of Arab Nationalism. When the cold war began to surface Britain asked Egypt to join an anti-soviet alliance with them in times of need, for Egyptian Suez Canal was in the authority of Britain making Egypt an ally of the United Kingdom. Nasser refused saying t...
... Kuwait to get to the southern part of Iraq. In this situation, Iraq was left cornered. Also the movement of some of Osama Bin Laden's beliefs had greatly affected the war. This brought forth many opposing forces against the United States.
The battle took place during the end of the World War 2, on February 19, 1945 30,000 Marines landed on the shores of the island. The first soldiers that landed weren't attacked by the Japanese. They thought that the bombings from US planes and battleships may have killed the Japanese, but that was not the case. The Marines took heavy causalities, as the American bombings had not been effective. The generals who had planned the attack thought it would take about a week to take control of the island. They were wrong, it took 36 days.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any nation in the world. Written history of Egypt dates back to about 5,000 years, the commencement of civilization. While there is divergence in relation to Early Egyptian times, it is said that Egypt came to be around 3200 B.C., during the reign of a king by the name of Menes and unified the northern and southern cities of Egypt into one government. In 1675 B.C., Egypt was invaded by the Hyksos, people from the east, bringing along the very first of chariots and horses ever to come across Egyptian soil. Approximately 175 years later in 1500 B.C., the Egyptians had gotten rid of the Hyksos and driven them out. In 1375 B.C., Amenhotep IV had become the king of Egypt. During his reign he eliminated the worship of Egyptian gods and initiated the idea of only worshipping one god. But after his death, his ideas were retired and old ways were reestablished. Egyptian supremacy then started to decline around 1000 B.C. Between 1000 B.C. and 332 B.C., Egypt was ruled by many such as the Libyans, Assyrians, Ethiopians, and Persians. In 640, Muslims conquered Egypt and founded the city of Cairo in 969 and deemed it as the capital of Egypt. For many centuries Egypt was ruled by Muslim caliphs. A prominent ruler of this period was Saladin, who battled the Christian Crusaders at the conclusion of the twelfth century. In 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt but was then forced to withdraw in 1801 Turkish and British armed forces. In 1805 Mohamed Ali began ruling Egypt till 1848 and great changed the country in terms of modernization and its military. During Mohamed’s conquest, he borrowed a lot of money from the French and British, which later resulted in Egypt’s coloniza...
This marked the beginning of the Palestine armed conflict, one of its kinds to be witnessed in centuries since the fall of the Ottoman Empire and World War 1. Characterized by a chronology of endless confrontations, this conflict has since affected not only the Middle East relations, but also the gl...
The French Battle of Algiers occurred over sixty years ago between France and the National Liberation Front (FNL) involving the independence of Algiers. The French tactics of torture, terrorism, shady moral decisions, and using power to exert influence are tragically still common tactics on the world stage between states today. Over the past sixty years, the tactics in the fight for power have not changed, nor has a solution for this fight been found. What about power makes man resort to terror attacks and violating human rights?
The next day the armies of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan and Iraq lunched an attack on Israel aiming to destroy the new nation. This was the start the first major Arab-Israeli war (Rowen 2007, p.1). In 1949, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan became known as Jordan and Israel. Israel defeated the Arabs in the war, resulting with Israel to gain most of the land the UN had meant for the Palestinians. Egypt and Jordan occupied the rest of the area that was assigned to the Palestinians (Reich 2014, p.8). Israel gained control of the West Bank, a territory between Israel and the Jordan River. Additionally Israel gained controlled the western half of Jerusalem and eastern half was held by Jordan (USATODAY.com 2001, p.1). Israel incorporated the territory into the new country, which added around 150,000 resentful Arabs to its population (Reich 2014 p.34). By 1949, Israel had signed ceasefire agreements with Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon. However peace treaties were not signed because the Arab countries refused to recognize Israel existence. Because of the war, more than 700,000 Palestinians became refugees, resulting with most of them to flee to Jordan or to the Gaza Strip (Vogele 2014
The Yom Kippur War took place in 1973 between Israel and the Arabs furthermore the 2 superpowers played subtle roles in this event . Israel won the war however with a higher cost then any previous wars . While the war did not conclude in an Arab military victory, both the Egyptian and Syrian armies had regained their honour and prestige(1). The War of Yom Kippur suprised the world in the means that it showed that the Arabs were a force to be reconed with. In summasation the war paved the way for significant changes to take place in Arab-Israeli relations.
The UNEF takes control of the Suez Canal as British and French troops complete their withdrawal. Egyptians celebrate in Port Said chanting "Long live Nasser".
The Battle of Algiers began with with the hiding of rebels in the Casbah, and then flashed back the beginning of the conflict in 1954. The FLN began it's guerilla warfare against French policemen, and in 1956 three separate bombs were planted in civilian areas by the FLN to protest French rule. One should note that women played a crucial...
Quarterly, inc. "Syria." The Middle East. 11th ed. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2007. 437 - 456. Print.
The 1950s are illustrate by ongoing skirmishes between Israel and its Arab neighbors; the massive flow of Holocaust survivors to Israel; the acquisition of nuclear reactor by Israel due to its coalition with Britain and French in order to colonize Egypt for its access to the Suez Canal. It is in 1964, following an Arab League decision that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded as a basis for reconstruction of Palestinian politics and institutions. In June 1967, after months of tension, including border clashes, Israel conducts a pre-emptive attack against Egypt and subsequently six days of war, Jewish settlements roughly triples its size. Known as the “Six Day War” it is also recognized as a violation of international law.