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Intricacies of ethics
The importance of ethics in life and society
Ethics in everyday life
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The Ashley Treatment: Practical, But Ethical? - Hitler times – medical experiments - Kennedy sister – lobotomy - Potential grave consequences that can result from irresponsible, or criminal, medical experiments. While we must be vigilant to protect innocent victims from such experimentation we cannot let that stifle our duty to continue making advances in healthcare and improving the lives of patients. - Moral obligations should typically not be so demanding that enormous sacrificies must be made in order to fulfill them (Liao, Savulescu, & Sheehan, 2007). - Beauchamp and Childress – ethical principles of autonomy - One must ask if a treatment is practical does that make it ethical? ‘Hopes of keeping her as comfortable as possible’ ‘”The Ashley Treatment” included high dose estrogen therapy, a hysterectomy, and breast bud removal. Ashley had a normal birth, but her mental and motor faculties did not develop (“The Ashley Treatment,” 2007). Ashley was diagnosed with encephalopathy of unknown etiology. This meant that she would forever have the mental capacity of an infant, though she had no physical deformities. Although being awake and alert, Ashley cannot walk, talk, sit up, or even support her own head. Ashley is cared for primarily by her parents and grandparents in their home. Ashley’s parents state they became concerned when she developed precocious puberty at the age of six. They spoke with their physician’s at Seattle Children’s Hospital about attenuating her growth process to minimize her adult height and weight. They also discussed two other treatments that they felt would enhance Ashley’s adult quality of life. One was a hysterectomy, which would prevent Ashley from feeling menstrual cramps and preven... ... middle of paper ... ...r tended to her activities of daily living – feeding her, grooming her. However, her mother had no insight on her condition and how to help her take care of herself. I, personally took her to school and talked to teachers who advised to have her join a school for the disabled, she was falling behind in classes and it was affecting her mentally and emotionally. She was visually impaired and no one in the family knew until she took a vision test catered to her. She is now 22 years old, and it amazes me to see how she has flourished. A young girl who used to be glued to the television, watching cartoons and the likes, she is now on her iPad watching videos on YouTube, face-timing with friends and family. When our grandmother passed away a few years ago, she took it upon herself to console everyone. Had her growth been hindered, she wouldn’t be the person she is now.
The clip that was particularly memorable was the story of both Katie Worrick and Michael Rehbein’s hemispherectomy. From a neurological perspective, it was astounding to watch both these children survive and function without a part of their brain and if that wasn’t enough they were functioning remarkably well from a cognitive point of reference. I did wonder at first why Katie was still not speaking, but realized that her surgery was still recent when the documentary was made. Just like Michael, who took about 2 years after surgery to regain some of his speech after persistently working on it, Katie too could hope for the same. Having said that, I am also aware of Neuroscientist Dana Boatman’s conclusion that results and recovery times vary from child to child. I did try to find out more about the two children featured in this documentary to see how much life had improved, but could not find any documented information except for an answer to a blog about hemispherectomy by Katie’s mom that said, “My name is Janie Warrick and I live in Richmond, VA. My daughter, Katie who is now 17, had a left hemispherectomy Aug. 8, 2000 in Baltimore, Maryland at Johns Hopkins
...At that time physical therapy was recommended. Erin eventually learned how to roll over, sit up on her own, and walk all through physical therapy. However these milestones were significantly delayed and her balance was always off. Erin took a horrific fall off the couch and landed on her forehead. She was still swollen from the “allergic reaction” from the previous month. A CT-Scan showed no bone fractures but the goose-egg that had developed took months to go away. In 2008 she officially diagnosed with FOP.
disability. She never let it get into her way of being a normal person. As she stated that one day
When a person seeks medical attention they go with the hope that their personal rights will not be violated with the belief that doctors will uphold their personal standards. Unfortunately, this is not always so for people who visit the hospital. There are documented cases in United States history involving African Americans being experimented on for the greater good without their knowledge or consent, and some of the most heinous cases involve doctors injecting their study groups with life threatening diseases. What happens when good science goes bad and who has the right to relegate the status of another human being as less than? In this research paper we will examine a clinical testing case study featuring the violation and exploitation
In 1983, Nancy Beth Cruzan lapsed into an irreversible coma from an auto accident in Jasper County, Missouri. Cruzan was discovered lying face down in a ditch without detectable respiratory or cardiac function. Paramedics were able to restore her breathing and heartbeat at the accident site, and she was transported to a hospital in an unconscious state. An attending neurosurgeon diagnosed her as having sustained cerebral injuries combined with significant lack of oxygen. The estimated length of the period without oxygen was twelve to fourteen minutes. (Permanent brain damage generally results after six minutes without oxygen.) After the accident Nancy was not breathing on her own and was connected to a machine, five days later she was breathing on her own and the respirator was disconnected. She remained in a coma for approximately three weeks and then progressed to an unconscious state in which she was able to orally ingest some nutrition. She was moved out of ICU into a private room where the family tried on a daily basis to get a response. In order to ease feeding and further the recovery, surgeons implanted a gastrostomy feeding and hydration tube in Cruzan with the consent of her then husband. Nancy's parents Joe (Lester) and Joyce stayed at the hospital around the clock sleeping on couches and chairs. Her sister Chris visited as much as she could while her two daughters Miranda and Angie were in school. Nancy and Chris were be...
Linda was clearly in distress when Ashley mentioned this, however; she completely ignored Linda’s concerns and continue to push for long-term treatment. This is an example of DBC because Ashley focused mainly on the disease and the problem of having a stroke, instead of focusing on the patient's strengths and what the patient wants. Ashley treated Linda’s situation as the same as any other stroke patient, this goes against uniqueness of the person, which is one of the core values and belief about health, person, environment and
Erica Howard is a 19-year-old African American female who dropped out of high school due to becoming pregnant with her first son, Eric. Erica’s boyfriend Jayce is supportive of her and the baby. Erica’s newborn is only 6 months old and she is surprised that she is pregnant again. She is now in her second trimester and has a lack of prenatal care. When she received her first ultrasound, at 14 weeks, she was concerned when she saw that the baby was almost fully developed. According to the doctor, she became pregnant only three months after her first delivery. When spoken with Erica she expressed that she was very ill with this pregnancy and the baby does not move at all. The doctor explained that the baby might be
In the United States, the basis for ethical protection for human research subjects in clinical research trials are outlined by the Belmont Report developed in the late 1970’s. This document, published by the Nation Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, highlights three important basic principles that are to be considered when any clinical trial will involve human research subjects. They are; respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. (Chadwick & Gunn, 2004)
The Belmont Report distinguishes three center moral standards in regards to all human subject experimentation: autonomy, respect for persons, beneficence and justice. Autonomy alludes to the right of an individual to determine what they will or will not partake in. Respect for persons requires medical researchers to obtain informed consent from their subjects, which means that participants must be given precise information about their circumstances and treatment options so that they can decide what is best for them. Beneficence means that all test subjects must be informed about the advantages as well as all the possible risks of the treatment(s) they consent to participate in. The principle of justice includes individual and societal justice.
The world of ethics and moral understanding of medicine was turned inside out as human rights were disregarded in an attempt to understand the anatomy of the human body, as well as its various responses to different drugs and environments. Human experimentation and subject research were of little interest to society before the 20th century (“Human Experimentation, Plutonium, and Colonel Stafford Warren”). The onset of the Holocaust heightened the popularity of that medical field. Experimentation using human subjects has drastically changed from the 20th to 21st century regarding the consent and state of the subject, the intent of the experiments, and the laws and policies passed.
When Lee Mitchell was little she had done a lot of sports, such as horseback riding, swimming, and tennis. The doctor said that these sports might have had a negative effect on one of her disc in her spinal cord. Which could have resulted in Cauda Equaina.Lee Mitchell stayed in a rehab center. While she was there she made it her
Experimentations on humans, even though essential for scientific progress, pose many ethical questions where we ask ourselves if we should continue disposing human bodies in the name of medicine. We hold the same old concern about a man’s obsession with knowledge where a discovery for the good of the majority might become a justifiable reason for exploiting one human being for the good of all.
The growth of the medical research field is a significant development for the human species. New treatments are established to treat many diseases. Although the expansion of the medical research field benefits the human society in many areas, the ethical issue of using animals as testing subjects is often neglected. During this procedure, animals are used to experiment on in the place of humans to ensure the effectiveness of the discoveries and treatments. These processes are not always successful and therefore will often cause excessive pain and distress to the animals. Many animals suffer greatly and may even result in death. It is morally wrong to cause pain or distress to animals in the course of medical research because animals should have the right for welfare and live a pleasurable life thus; we should not harm them during the research process. In this paper I will defend this argument and provide a discussion on this issue by providing arguments supporting my thesis and as well as addressing a counterargument.
Baby Theresa 's story is different from other babies that suffer from anencephaly because her parents knew that she did not have long to live and would not become
Advances in modern medical science in the near future are dependent upon the advances in methods and procedures that, by today’s standards, are considered to be taboo and dangerous. These methods will not only revolutionize the field of medicine, but they will be the forerunners to a whole new way of treating people. For these advances to take place, several key steps need to be taken both medically and politically. In this paper I will attempt to explain what methods and procedures will be the future of modern medicine, how these methods and procedures can benefit mankind, and finally what changes will be needed in the fields of medicine and politics. First, I’ll attempt to explain which methods and procedures will be the future of modern medicine.