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Literature review on brain drain
The essay about brain drain in the world
Literature review on brain drain
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The topic of this essay was inspired by Peter Stalker’s writing ‘Emigrants as heroes’. Furthermore, the issue brain drain resulting from sending skilled immigrants to developed nations as a result of benefit to themselves and their country. Hence the question, ‘Do they benefit the host country or their own country. This article by Stalker shows both sides of the argument referring the advantage and disadvantage of immigrants migrating to countries for better pay as well as life.
Migrants from developing nations such as Africa and Asia travel to the west in the hope that they will get a better life, better job and better prospect. They come however, in several different ways. One of them is when skilled individuals cross their border to the west. Hence, the term skilled migrants. In an article by Herbert, it is highlighted how this may be so. Herbert states that some developed nations such as United Kingdom have formed a way of gaining skilled migrants to their country through the process of a program known as Highly Skilled Migrant Program (Herbert 2005).
This program aims to give an opportunity of a life time for students as well as those that wish to extend their education level that is studying masters, PhD or doctorate degree. The benefit of this program is that these students will gain quality education and develop their existing knowledge. However, majority of graduates or skilled immigrants to the developed world such as United Kingdom and United States do not go back when they finish their studies. Hence, the consecutive increase of skilled migrants from developed nations in terms of job prospect will have an economic and social impact for the sending country. As this people will give their knowledge not to their...
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...gs and therefore impending the social and cultural unity.
It could be argued however, that the issue of brain drain is having a reversal effect. Recent survey’s show that several African countries such as Nigeria, even though they are losing their skilled laborers they are gaining the for their own nation, Africa. This is true in cases of Gabon, Botswana and Republic of South Africa where skilled laborers from other African countries leave to work for their own nation.
In conclusion, skilled migrant’s rate of movement has increased since late 1980’s up to the present day. The impact it is having in developing nations such as Africa, Nigeria is devastating. Whereas, economically developed nations such as US and Europe are gaining economic benefit. Although this is not the only problem of Africa’s slow rate of development it is one that is stagnating its pace.
Have you been searching for a book that will inspire you, but just can’t seem to find one? Well your prayers have been answered, because I have the book for you. The Immigrant Advantage by Claudia Kolker will do the job. The novel was published in 2011 by Free Press. Claudia Kolker is an award-winning journalist, who has written for The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, The Economist, and The Oprah Magazine.
Mankind often migrates to modern, rich, multicultural countries, towns with high economies and good standard of living such as Prague, Germany, London, Los Angeles, New York and Shanghai. I would like to draw on the city of Shanghai. Shanghai is one of the most developed cities in the world due to this many people come to the town to find work. During 1983 and 2000 years the number of migrant workers increased from 0.5 million people to 3.87 million people. A large percentage of migrant workers work in manufacturing (25.8%).
Migrants have been the heart of building Australia into a strong economy. Migrants in modern Australia create jobs and business opportunities and continue to add to the rich social and cultural fabric of Australian society. Business Skills migrants create on average six new jobs and invest millions of dollars into the economy. They have brought new ideas and new technology to the areas of medicine, science, information technology, mining, primary industry and business. Their familiarity with different cultures, languages and lifestyles as well as how overseas business works has helped local companies compete in Australia and overseas. The current Migration Program is balanced and targeted to meet our economic, environmental and international objectives.
Immigration can be defined as passing foreigners to a country and making it their permanent residence. Reasons ranging from politics, economy, natural disasters, wish to change ones surroundings and poverty are in the list of the major causes of immigration in both history and today. In untied states, immigration comes with complexities in its demographic nature. A lot of cultural and population growth changes have been witnessed as a result of immigration. In the following paper, I will focus on how immigration helps United States as compared to the mostly held view that it hurts America.
Firstly to justify why countries limit their immigrations, there should be knowledge of the different types of immigrants as there are different reasons to leave from one country and move into another. In the last 30 years, the number of international immigrants has been estimated 191 million worldwide, two times as before. As ...
Immigration has undergone much change since the 20th century. However, a lot of the motives behind immigration and adaptation to a new culture and way of life have remained the same.
Many people were forced to immigrate to safer places fleeing war or conflict to save their lives in their countries. For instance, the events in Ivory Coast where the conflict forced more than one million people to flee to different nations. Some immigrants were brought to the new land against their will whereby they were shipped to America as slaves to work on the farms. Moreover, some people fled their countries because of poor governance. Those governments that were not ruling to the interest of the people or treated them in groups as a result of ethnicity, political opinion or religion made them immigrate to U.S. For instance, more than one million people fled Burma because of poor governance from the military that treated them differently
Due to the phenomenon of globalization, a substantial part of manufacturing has been moved overseas and goods are constantly being shipped all over the world. These processes are contributing to the advancement of international trade and economic improvement of many lesser developed countries. Unfortunately, globalization has also led to a significant growth of worldwide inequality. While the Western world has largely benefited from the changes, many countries in the developing world are facing great troubles adjusting to the new reality of global interconnectedness. Economic constrictions, unemployment, the weakening of government, corruption, and military conflicts are pushing people to leave their homes and seek better lives elsewhere.
The problem of immigration has been a controversial issue in the United States, particularly the issue of illegal immigration. Therefore, immigration can be defined as the act of immigrating/moving to another country, meaning that one moves to another nation, where he or she was not born, or where he or she is not a native of; thereby, using the new nation as a permanent residence either legally or illegally. Therefore, this essay presents that immigration (both legal and illegal) is good and leads various benefits to a nation, including fostering economic growth, contribute to labor markets, and contributes to taxes as well as social contributions; though, it can sometimes harm
Immigration poses an ongoing debate in which people are becoming increasingly unsure as to whether immigrants are benefiting their society. This paper will examine three of the main benefits of immigration: the increase in diversity it provides, the rise in skills and labor and the benefits to the economy. Immigration leads to cross-cultural integration, therefore increasing ethnic variety. This increase in diversity is beneficial as it leads to improvements in society, as well as educational development. Increased immigration also means there are more skills and experts available to the hosting countries, as well as extra workers to take up jobs that need filling. Immigration also leads to improvements in the economy as taxes are paid and employment and wages increase.
bank, W. (2010). Migration and Skills: The Experience of Migrant Workers from Albania, Egypt, Moldova, and Tunisia. World Bank Publications.
Secondly, there are various disadvantages of immigration for countries like overpopulation, illegal immigration, brain- drain and impact on labor market. In today’s globalized era, most of the well educated people move to other country for better wages, better atmosphere as well as good accommodation. Moreover, it’s a big threat to their origin gradually they lose professional work
In Europe, immigration has always been a part of its history, but large-scale migration has been in more recent years. In a 13-year span from 1960 to 1973 there was a major increase in the number of foreign workers in the work force. The percent doubled from 3 percent to six percent of workers in the
These hypothetical effects on the labor market are good for countries at the receiving end in various ways – by simultaneously reducing inequalities in income and increasing average real wages, for instance. In general, new capital investments are made to take advantage of available labor, the most basic statistics suggest that highly skilled migration is most prevalent in fields with relatively good employment opportunities. For example, among recent PhD holders in the United States, there is a strong correlation between the percentage of foreign-born graduates and the median salary. Even in a model of highly skilled migration that excludes this kind of “brain circulation”, receiving nations are clearly benefiting from an influx of students or workers who often have sought-after or unique skills that are needed to overcome bottlenecks in production or research.
...lation but also its composition” (2001). Migration could cause a numerical decrease and increase in the population of Nigeria.