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Implications of the neolithic revolution
Implications of the neolithic revolution
Neolithic revolution research paper
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Technological and Environmental Transformation (600 BCE) Invention of bow and arrow Neolithic Revolution: slash-and-burn farming - era of increased rainfall and general warming - domesticated animals Calendar Specialized labor Emergence of cities: governors, tax collectors, priests, market-places Copper + Tin = Bronze: weapons and tools Iron : cheaper and more widely available - domestic and military uses Invention of the wheel: better transportation Shipbuilding: increased trade Cuneiform: graphic symbols, Hieroglyphics, Chinese writing: pictograph into ideograph-not phonetic or alphabetic Phoenician Alphabet: 22 symbols representing consonants, easier than cuneiform, more people became literate War Chariots: Hittites Standardized coins,
laws, weights, currencies, and script Invention of Paper: Chinese Banking and Renting Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 BCE-600 CE) Monarchy* Social Classes: kings-> nobles-> priests/priestesses ->peasants ->slaves(POW or criminals)* Unification of Egypt: Pharoah* Patriarchal* Cheifdoms* Caste System* Decentralized Administration: entrusted power and authority to subordinates who pledged allegiance Satrapies ruled by satraps: Persia, Darius Bureaucratic Confucianism: (1)older brother, younger brother (2)father, son (3)husband, wife (4)friend, friend (5)subject, ruler Imperial Rule: Emperor Republic Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 CE to 1450) Phoenician trade with Mesoptomia* Hittites conquer Babylonian empire* Sudanic people introduce Egypt and Nubia to African crops and domesticated animals* Global Interactions (1450-1750) Bering Land Bridge: Serbia(Asia) to Alaska to Pacific Islands* Persian Royal Roads: Aegean port to Anatolia* Silk Roads: China to Roman Empire* Industrialization and Global Integration (1750-1900) Hellenistic: blending of Persian, Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, and Indian cultures* Accelerating Global Change and Realignments (1900- the Present) *Not during time period
In Allende's "And of Clay We Are Created" technology cover the lion's share, alas in a predominantly negative connotation not per se, but for the use or non-use we make of it. The story tells of a natural disaster foretold by geologists who "had set up their seismographs weeks before," and "predicted that the heat of the eruption could detach the eternal ice from the slopes of the volcano, but no one heeded their warnings" (1736). Allende blatantly criticizes the government for not responding appropriately, and thus not making proper use of technology by causing the death of thousands of unsuspecting victims.
The Neolithic Period was a shift to a more civilized man. The people had new ideas and were changing their environment making life easier. The adaptation of agriculture in the Neolithic Era was valuable because it created a stable life rather than a nomadic one. In Neolithic village life they grew crops and indulged
McNeill stated: “Perhaps Diamond makes too much of Eurasia 's east-west axis. After all, India and Southeast Asia occupy different latitudes from Europe, the Middle East and north China: and the deserts and highlands of central Asia pose obstacles to diffusions of crops comparable to any in Africa or America” (McNeill 3). But the spread of crops and grow local availability food on their own farm are usually a common act. Like seeds blown by the wind or spread through water canals to other areas, and animals who carries the fertilizers can easily bring the crop and growth of the crop to nearby areas. Along the East-West, the axis of Eurasia, cattle were such an important domestication in Europe, yet it wasn’t so important in China. This is because of the environment and the state of the weather was not suitable for raising the cattle. And because of cattle naturally can cope with the hot and cold weather they are more suitable to be raised in some area better than others, regardless of geography. Because of these reasons, I concluded that Diamond argues too much on the geography side of the history, rather than the actual history of the Neolithic
12,000 years ago, the discovery of agriculture triggered such a change in society and the way in which people lived that we now call this important era in time the “Neolithic Revolution.” Traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyles were cast away in favor of more permanent settlements and a reliable food supply. Agriculture helped form cities and civilizations, and because crops and animals could now be farmed to meet growing demand, populations skyrocketed from around five million people 10,000 years ago, to more the more than seven billion people that walk this earth today.1
The time period that we are calling the Age of Industrialization occurred in the 1700s and 1800s. During this time period, innovations and changes occurred in agriculture, technology, and communication. The first advancements began in Great Britain and soon they spread throughout the world. The rural areas of Great Britain transformed between 1760 and 1830.
Farming also became a steady source of food for the early civilization. With established dwellings, communities were able to create crude irrigation systems to support their crops in the very dry dessert like climate. Domestication of animals also became a possibility as well with the more permanent living situation the early civilization h...
There were major shifts in human development over different times of human existence, two of
“The discovery of agriculture was the first big step toward a civilized life.” (Arthur Keith)
Watkins, Jeffery. Regents Prep: Global History: Change & Turning Points:, "Neolithic Revolution." Last modified 2003. Accessed March 23, 2012. http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/change/neo.cfm
All the way from the start of civilization through to the Early Christianity there has been a pantheon of; destruction, recognition, wars, cultural diffusion, religious breakthroughs, laws that have been established, kings and queens crowned and dethroned. The Mesopotamian Civilization it was the land between two rivers the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers that civilization first began.
The blessing and curse of the Agricultural Revolution is advocated with its augmentation and dissemination. Taking the stipulative definition of “blessing” and “curse” from the original premise, one can only superimpose the layman’s terms of “negative” and “positive”. Upon examination of the two classifications within the Neolithic Period and ancient Mesopotamian civilization one can confirm the premise. Therefore, the agriculture revolution was a blessing and a curse for humanity. Human society began to emerge in the Neolithic Period or the New Stone Age. This new age began around 9,000 B.C.E. by the development of agriculture in the region surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and what is commonly referred to as “The Fertile Crescent” located in West Asia.1 The very development of agriculture had benefited humans by no longer having to move about in search of wild game and plants. Unencumbered by nomadic life humans found little need to limit family size and possessions and settled in a single location for many years. One negative aspect of this settling is that the population increased so much so that wild food sources were no longer sufficient to support large groups. Forced to survive by any means necessary they discovered using seeds of the most productive plants and clearing weeds enhanced their yield.2 This also lead humans to develop a wider array of tools far superior to the tools previously used in the Paleolithic Period or Old Stone Age. The spread of the Agricultural Revolution in the Neolithic Period also cultivated positive aspects by creating connections with other cultures and societies. Through these connections they exchanged knowledge, goods, and ideas on herding and farming.3 Another major positive aspec...
The new stone, or Neolithic Age, marked the beginnings of established society for modern man. Although only a few Paleolithic societies adapted to agriculture from hunting/gathering, this shift led the way for advancement with society, economy, and technology. Man began to raise small herds of sheep and goats and food crops such as wheat and barley were able to be domesticated in mountain foothills. As more of the nomadic bands began to settle as farmers instead of hunter/gatherers, an economic system emerged. Although most of the nomadic societies were still self-sufficient, trading was established from items like stones and shells.
A civilization is the starting point of a society. Civilizations have existed for millions of years and are the basic unit of structure for a society. Civilizations were the base of great societies such as Egypt and Rome. If not for civilizations these societies would not have flourished or even existed.
For thousands of years, people all over the world have developed, progressed, and eventually formed civilizations. A civilization is a community characterized by elements such as a system of writing, a development of social classes, and cities. Early civilizations such as ancient Greece, classical Rome, Mesopotamia, and classical China have made many contributions to society that still affect people in the modern world. The inventions, progress, and contributions of the people of these ancient civilizations and others have shaped the world that we all live in today.
Farming has been an occupation since 8,500 B.C. On that year in the Fertile Crescent farming first began when people grew plants instead of picking them in the wild. Then nearly 5,000 years later oxen, horses, pigs, and dogs were domesticated. During the middle ages, the nobles divide their land into three fields. The reasoning for this was to plant two and leave one to recover. This was the start of crop rotation which is a big part of farming today. Burning down forest and then moving to another area is a farming technique used by the Mayans called Slash and burn. Mayan farmers also were able to drain swampy areas to farm them buy building canals. In 1701 Jethro Tull invented the seed drill and a horse drawn how that tilled the land. In Denmark they would plant turnips in the previously unplanted field. The turnips help restore the nutrients in the ground thus crop rotation is born. In England people began moving there fields closer to each other for a more efficient way of planting. Later in the 18th century selective breeding was introduce which made bigger, stronger, and more milk producing livestock. In the mid 1800’s a steam plough was invented. By the 1950 tractors, milking machines, and combines were used by almost farmers. The latest f...