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What do we know about audit quality
Tax audit case study
Tax audit case study
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The effectiveness of tax auditing means that the tax auditors had performed an effective work without any impact on the tax payers. There are five factors that considered as the determinants for the effectiveness of tax auditing, which are audit quality, management support, organizational setting, attributes of the audited party and organizational independence. The tax audit effectiveness also refer to the ability and capability of a tax audit to provide useful findings of auditing and recommendations which would attracted the management’s interest. The management that support with resources and implement the recommendations of tax audit is essential for reaching the tax audit effectiveness. Besides, the organizational setting in operations …show more content…
Audit quality is one of the most prominent factors on determining the effectiveness of tax auditing. Audit quality is proven by the capacity of office in order to provide useful tax auditing findings and recommendations. The auditor is required to meet the performance standards which able to perform well in work by providing useful audit findings and recommendations for improvement. The office’s capability to correctly plan and perform the audit findings is considered as a proxy of audit quality. Therefore, the high audit quality could lead to an effective tax …show more content…
Audited party attributes interrelated to the ability of the audited party to achieve expected goals. Implications of audited party attributes on tax audit effectiveness consist of the ability of audited party to effectively and efficiently meet the sub-goals of organization, attitude of audited party towards tax auditing and the cooperation level provided to the auditor. The auditors are required to fully and unlimitedly access to all activities, records and properties and cooperate with the audited party in order to attain an effective tax auditing work. Hence, the attributes of audited party have a positive effect towards the effectiveness of tax
The majorities of financial advisers do not have a formal accounting or tax background and thus have some challenges to overcome when reading tax returns of their clients. However they are still asked to help their clients in future planning. Since most accounting is to be done based on compliance with GAAP it would make sense to think that tax accounting should also be done this way, however both the IRS and the courts have stated that compliance with GAAP is of little significance when dealing with the objectives of tax accounting. The objectives of both accounting methods are simply different, because the primary goal of financial accounting is to provide useful information to all stakeholders and the primary goal of the income tax system is the equitable collection of revenue. Because of these differences it can be said that the users of accounting information are different for both methods. The assumption for financial accounting is the going-concern and the tax accounting system ignores this assumption. These differences give us the concept of timing differences and permanent differences. Understanding...
Integrity in the accounting profession involves adhering to the rules and principles of the profession. This includes remaining free of conflicts of interest and maintaining client relationships in which the accountant can remain objective in discharging his or her responsibilities. This requires independence in fact and in appearance as mandated under section 1.200.001.01, Independence Rule the AICPA Code. In other words, no one should be able to view the accountant as being biased with respect to a client’s financial reporting due to an improper client relationship. Lack of integrity in accounting practices has been, and continues to be, a key element in the downfall of many institutions which has hurt the public trust in the accounting
John Cage has always been known as a controversial and new age composer. Some say that his pieces lack the very structure that makeup classic forms. I argue that John Cage’s work Living Room Music, despite instrumentation with no set pitch, has conclusive harmonies and is in the style of a Baroque suite. This is a strange concept for some because pitch has become such a focal point around harmonic analysis when in reality it can be determined simply by ensemble texture and dominate features.
The IRS plans to have Christian non-profits take down the Social Security numbers of donors who give $250 or more in one year, which will put thousands of philanthropists at risk of identity theft and associated complications, experts say.
Introduction Within the current crisis of confidence in the public accounting profession after the Enron debacle and series of high profile failures of financial services firms, the issue of ‘audit expectation gap’ has never been more important. Though it would take an enormous amount of effort to address these issues, I will argue that tremendous amounts could be done in order to close the gap. In this essay, I will discuss some of these issues and in particular the strategies to reduce the gap. Definitions Various definitions have been proposed for the audit expectation gap.
This is a comprehensive document prepared by Ernst & Young LLP on a special report that evaluates the New York income tax withholding audit procedures. It is in efforts to help company executives in performing process to assist in risk assessment, tax compliance, and governance. An increase in the income tax from the audit has been reported from the assessment in successive years. During the audit process, the examiners are informed to be keen on areas where an employer has not complied with the set laws. Information document request (IDR) is sent to businesses selected for income tax withholding audit where information on workers classification, mobility tax, non-resident income tax withholding, benefits and compensation is obtained.
Audit is a process to evaluate and review the accounts and financial statement objectively. We can divide it into internal auditors and external auditors. Internal auditors have a inner knowledge of business process. Auditor has access to the much confidential information and all levels of management. But they may lose their judgement and they are not acceptable by the shareholder. “The overall objective of the external auditors is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to report on the financial statements in acco...
A tax audit can be a lengthy and strenuous process for both the IRS and the taxpayer. If the taxpayer is aware of the methods and procedures of the tax audit process and is prepared whenever receiving a notification, the process can be less alarming and stressful. Being mindful of the many indicators that the IRS looks for when auditing can greatly reduce the chances of being audited, as well as always keeping relevant documents, statements, and records. Tax auditing not only verifies the correct reporting of tax return information but also assists the IRS in guaranteeing the fair treatment of all taxpayers.
The major characters of the tradition audit are all information what is needed by auditors are on the paper and the manual calculators and without high communication technology. Auditors usually were limited by the place in the paper time. When a several people are working on the same auditing project for a client with offices in cities across the country, even worldwide, it takes a lots all time those auditors get the information which they need from the client, even there is risk paper information disappear for many reasons. on the another hand, mail paper information increase the auditing cost. The mistake caused by the manual calculators inevitably, no matter how fixed auditors concentrate on recalculate is, after all auditors are human. The global business become major in the modern business world, some example, several auditors who are in different locations are working a same auditing project, or auditors are in different city even country with the client, when there is issue among these auditors or between auditors and client, they only can communicate with each other by phone or be together and have meeting. Phone call can not make sure information been watched in the same time when the voice is talking about the issue, but having a meeting takes time and money make all people together, it increases auditing cost.
The accounting cycle is a series of steps starting with recording business transactions and leading up to the preparation of financial statements. This financial process demonstrates the purpose of financial accounting–to create useful financial information in the form of general-purpose financial statements. In other words, the sole purpose of recording transactions and keeping track of expenses and revenues is turn this data into meaning financial information by presenting it in the form of a balance sheet, income statement, statement of owner’s equity, and statement of cash flows.
The purpose of this document is to describe the nature, purpose and scope of accounting and it deliberately explains the details of each category in accounting. Accounting involves in preparing financial documents of an entity by analyzing, verifying, and reporting this records. It emphasizes its major characteristic role in field of banking and finance, with a mixture of supportive sub topics.
Accounting dates back as far as first centuries, is the language of business. As everything has gone through many changes, accounting has also changed many times through out the centuries. It went from the use of abacus to the most advanced softwares, and computers. With these drastic improvements nowadays accounting, financial accounting and management are facing big challenges. From the presentation of the reports to communication to the users, investors, and owners, the accounting field has gained totally a new shape from two decades ago. Today with the dynamic change in every aspect of life, the accounting field has to act fast and be able to adapt these new changes and challenges in order to survive.
Auditing has been the backbone of the complicated business world and has always changed with the times. As the business world grew strong, auditors’ roles grew more important. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed. It also became easier with the use of internal controls, which introduced the need for testing, not a complete audit. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. Computers played an important role of changing the way audits were performed and also brought along some difficulties.
Accounting aids the government and organisations in decision making for their financial stability. This numerical data helps solve real life problems and contributes to how the economy and businesses perform.
The function of accounting information system transforms from simple storage to a supportive tool of decision-making, producing high quality information and detailed analysis, bringing about real economic benefits. However, it also challenges the skills and ethics of modern accountants, putting forward the new demand for the professionals who use the accounting information system. As a result, two capabilities are recognized to be essential for the professionals. One is the competency, it lists out a pattern of knowledge used in the job as well as be aware of the link between information systems and decision-making. On the other hand is the ability of analyzing and diagnosing, which is good at problem solving. Another challenge is about ethical issue, requiring integrity and confidentiality as a professional quality of an accountant. To conclude, the accounting information system integrating the information, analyzing and supporting decision-making will become more important in the forming of a company’s strategy. Understanding the structure of accounting information system would lead to a competitive advantage over competitors in the