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Pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy
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With any diseases, there are many risk for patients later in life, some of T1 Diabetics being things like diabetic neuropathies or nerve pain, kidney disease, and even eye disease. The diabetic neuropathies usually come later in life, in adulthood, and can be described as a pain, tingling sensation, or numbness in the hands, arms, feet, or legs. This pain is caused by the buildup of high blood sugar which damages nerves and blood cells. In some, the symptoms may not be noticeable until years later, and in others the severity of the pain is quite sudden. Peripheral neuropathy, the most common of nerve pain, is characterized by affecting the feet and legs and on occasion hands and arms. Symptoms include burning, tingling, numbness, weakness,
or pain in said areas, this may lead to many things such as pain while walking, loss of balance, or swollen feet. Autonomic neuropathy affects the internal organs and can lead to problems with the digestive system, bladder, sex organs, sweat glands, or eyes. Depending on area affected, symptoms may include bloating constipation, problems swallowing, or vomiting. Proximal neuropathy is one of the more rare kinds of neuropathy and affects the hip, buttock, and thigh, and usually only affects the one side of your body. Symptoms may include occasional severe pain, weakness in legs, loss of reflexes, the loss of muscle tissue or weight loss.
Your breath can have a sweet smell caused by the high levels of ketones in the body. Being a diabetic you are also prone to losing sensation in the lower extremities causing it to be difficult to notice any pain or injury in your feet. It can also cause your skin to dry and crack on your feet. It is extremely important to keep an eye on your feet to make sure no damage is done.
Case study: Carol is 17 years old and was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of 7 years. Carol has had a recent hospital admission for dehydration and high blood glucose. During the admission Carol was found to be 6 weeks pregnant. Prior to the admission she had been experiencing weight loss and changes in mood.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is also referred to as insulin-dependent as the secretion of the hormone insulin by the pancreas is reduced to minor levels due to the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells by immune system of the body. Therefore, Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition due to the fact that the body is harming the pancreas with antibodies so beta cells cannot make any insulin for bloodstream to take in glucose. The fact that the cells in the body cannot take in glucose means that it builds up in the blood and hyperglycaemia occurs. This abnormally high level of blood glucose is able to harm the nervous system, tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, heart and the eyes. Type 1 Diabetes is fatal when left untreated as it then causes heart disease, kidney disease, damage to the nerves, stroke and
Type 1 Diabetes formerly called juvenile onset diabetes occurs typically before the age of 20, but now at any age anyone can be diagnosed with type 1. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are usually thin, go to the bathroom a lot to urinate, and are always hungry. The cause of Type 1 Diabetes is that the pancreas, which is the organ that secretes insulin, is destroyed by auto antibodies, which is why people with Type 1 Diabetes always need insulin, either to be injected or through an insulin pump. When glucose cannot enter the cells, it builds up in the blood causing the body's cells to starve to death. People with type 1 diabetes mus...
The prognosis of this condition depends on the causing factor. Most often this condition is not life threatening. A healthier life style can help to decrease the symptoms of neuropathy. Seeing a podiatrist in the case of people with diabetic neuropathy to avoid a possible amputation. If amputation is needed additional support will be beneficial to the patient. The support of family and friends is critical in that case as the amputation is life changing for the
Diabetes is a chronic disorder of metabolism characterized by a partial or complete deficiency of the hormone insulin. With this, there are metabolic adjustments that occur everywhere in the body. Specific to this child is Type One Diabetes. This is characterized by demolition of the pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin. Because of this, it leads to complete insulin deficiency. Within Type One diabetes, there are two different forms. First there is immune-mediated deficiency, which typically results from an autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. The second type is called idiopathic type one, in which the cause is unknown. (Wong, Hockenberry, Wilson, 2015)
The effects of a disorder with insulin can be very grave because this hormone is very important to the body. First I would like to discuss Diabetes Type 1. This disease, also called juvenile diabetes, is usually diagnosed to children or young adults. Off all the people with diabetes, only five percent of the people have type one diabetes. 10Type one diabetes is a condition in which the immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas which produce insulin. Type 1 diabetes is not associated with lifestyle habit; and it is neither curable nor preventable. So you my reader could receive this disease and never know how you got it or how to prevent it! At least you can know when you get though. Some of the symptoms are excessive thirst and urination,
Peripheral nerves are categorized as both sensory and motor which means they help provide sensations and move ligaments. These nerves attach to the spinal cord and run throughout the human body. Damaging these nerves may result in peripheral neuropathy. This condition is the degenerative state of the peripheral nerves. During this state, nerves may lose the ability to function therefore, causing multiple problems with one’s body. There are multiple causes to this condition and many can be avoided.
Is a multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both. Diabetes Mellitus is a serious health problem throughout the world. It is the 5th leading cause of death in the U.S. It is the leading cause of heart disease, stroke, adult blindness, and nontraumatic lower limb amputations.
According to the WebMD, Health Services Group, there is a complication that is usually connected with prediabetes, other then it leading to type 2, like heart disease that can possibly develop in early diabetes ( WebMD, 2015-2017).
Diabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. It is a serious health problem throughout the world and fourth leading cause of death by disease in the country. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucos in the blood. To understand why this happens it would helpful if we understand how the body usually works. When we eat, our body breaks down the food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into the bloodstream, where it then travels to all the cells in your body. The cells use the glucose for energy. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move the glucose from bloodstream to the cells. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus further explains the concept on how this disease works. Pancreas plays an important role of the metabolism of glucose by means of secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon. These hormones where then secreted by Islets of Langerhans directly to the blood. Inadequate secretion of insulin results on impaired metabolism of glucose, carbohydrates, proteins and fats which then result to hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Hyperglycemia is the most frequently observed sign of diabetes and is considered the etiologic source of diabetic complications both in the body and in the eye. On the other hand, glucagon is the hormone that opposes the act of insulin. It is secreted when blood glucose levels fall.
According to the American Diabetes Association, 28.5 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with diabetes. Out of that number, there are 215,000 children under the age of 20 with the disease. About 1 out of every 400 children and adolescents have diabetes. Diabetes is broken down into Type 1 and Type 2. Diabetes is a chronic condition that will require treatment for the lifetime of the patient. For this paper I will explain the differences between the two and focus on the treatment of Type 1.There are several different ways to manage Type 1 Diabetes. Fine needle syringe, insulin pen or insulin pump. Should the insulin pump be a required form of treatment instead of the other two options? To answer this question, the basis for the research paper will be on how well the insulin pump regulates the blood sugar over the other 2 types of treatments.
There are many symptoms of type one diabetes. They include drinking irritability, excessive urination, extreme weight loss, feeling very hungry or tired, sores that don’t heal and blurry eyesight. The cause of type one diabetes is unknown, although genetic tendency and childhood infections are two possibilities. The pancreas undergoes a change and cells that normally produce insulin are destroyed. This may be a result of the body’s own immune system believing the pancreas is a foreign organ. Also, type one diabetes often appears at times of physical stress and during illness when the body produces extra ...
Type 1 diabetes, is an incurable but treatable disease which can occur at any age but is mostly found in children due to the high levels of glucose in the blood (Eckman 2011). Juvenile diabetes affects about 1 in every 400-600 children and more than 13,000 are diagnosed yearly (Couch 2008). Type 1 Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, is too high. With Type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone, which helps glucose gets into your cells to provide energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth (American Diabetes Association). Previous research has suggested proper insulin management, a balanced diet and exercise will help maintain glycemic control and lessen the chance of complications (Couch 2008).
Diabetic Neuropathy is a group of neurological disorders caused by nerve damage resulting from the effects of type one and type two diabetes. There are several types of neurological diseases, each affecting the individual differently. Each disorder presents with its own symptoms, prognosis, and risks. It is important for the diabetic patient to receive adequate education from their physician on the basic signs and symptoms of neuropathy. Early identification and frequent check-ups can greatly impact the effects of neuropathy.