In social mental investigations of the influence of others, the main objective is to achieve change in someone else or in other research, oneself. The major concentration on individuals are the states of mind or attitude, because of its intervention in behavior change. An attitude describes the thoughts towards other individuals, dilemmas, or objects. The act of influencing can affect a person’s convictions and lead them to change their state of mind. Changing a person’s attitude will lead to the influence of a person’s conduct or actions. The consequence of displaying data or giving information on a certain point will most likely lead an individual to adjust their convictions or demeanors. The conveyed message and desired response are descriptions …show more content…
These cognitive processes can be approached through two different ways and are labeled systematic and heuristic processing. Systematic processing handles information in a considerative, logical, and extensive manner. The information processed should be information that decisions and conclusions can be made from. It should be intellectually stimulating involving a high mental procedures such as recalling information, comprehending, critical thinking and reasoning (Chaiken 1999). The concept of systematic processing appears to be justified from individuals responses towards prompts involving credible communicators, conscious crowd assessment or outside criticism of the individual's well being (Chaiken 1980). Heuristic processing uses strategies that originate as a matter of fact involving the enactment and utilization of judgmental principles from experience . This information acquired through these experiences and assumed to be easily recalled. The effortless recollection of information requires very little intellectual stimulation yet restricted to the extent social-cognitive fundamentals. These fundamentals describe the availability, accessibility, and applicability of the information recalled (Chaiken 1999). The concept of heuristic processing is seen when people use their own considerations involving trusting people with the rationalization that they are usually honest. Individuals also tend to concur with others when they find them appealing (Chaiken
The desire for consistency can go beyond rational thought or force a person to rationalize when things are out of line. People find comfort in knowing what to expect. When what is known and believed is challenged, people are disrupted and forced to make a decision on how to process conflicting information. To avoid the discomfort caused by cognitive dissonance, people may ignore opposing views, examine and change their views to maintain consistency with their actions or even seek reassurance (Defining Communication Theories, 2001).
In persuasion, the Mere Exposure Theory, the Dissonance Theory, and the Social Judgment Theory are used. Each of these theories of persuasion explains why it works or does not work in any specific setting. Depending on the theory, certain means of applying these theories can be successful or unsuccessful. The Mere Exposure Theory of persuasion states that people will be persuaded simply by repeated exposure. (G.Magee,
In the most advantageous of cases this model suggests that a receiver “considers the content of the persuasive message carefully and has favorable thoughts about the content” (Enfante, Rancer & Avtgis, 2010, p. 172). When receivers engage in cognitive thinking, they participate in the type of persuasion the authors call the “central route” (Enfante, Rancer & Avtgis, 2010, p. 172). Under the central route, the receiver employs positive feelings towards whatever the source is saying and then in turn acts or forms attitudes based off of the positive thoughts. Thus they interact thoughtfully with the information the source is attempting to get across.
Wood, W. (2000). Attitude change: Persuasion and social influence.. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 539.
Persuasion is the force exerted to influence behavior that includes a reflected change in attitude. Everyday we are bombarded with messagesfrom people who wish to influence our behavior and attitudes. Persuasion canbe used to accomplish good as well as bad, though, in my paper I willrefrain from making value judgements and only report the factual aspects. I will discuss the two basic routes to persuasion, the elements involved, andways to protect current attitudes and behaviors from change. When trying to persuade someone, there are two different methods from which to choose-the central and peripheral routes. The central route persuades by usingdirect arguments and pertinent information. The peripheral route persuadespeople by association with incidental cues
This essay concerns social influence in general. Aspects of social influence as such as majority influence and minority influence will be discussed in terms of their underlying psychological processes and how they differ. Majority influence or conformity refers to the desire to belong or to fit in within a particular group which involves adopting certain attributes, behaviour and attitudes of a particular group. As a result individuals consequently experience group pressure (in Baron, Branscombe & Byrne 2008). Minority influence on the other hand, refers to the influence that the minority exert over the majority in that the majority come to accept the beliefs and behaviours of a minority (in Baron et al. 2008).
According to the text , Social Psychology, “social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another”(pg. 4) this is viewed in a variety of social topics incorporating group behaviors, attitudes, conformity, obedience to authority, stereotypes and peer pressure. Outside factors can have a positive or negative affect our view of ourselves and each other. These outside factors are used to persuade and influence group behavior. Persuasion is defined as “the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors” (Myers, 2010, pg. 230). The principles of this process of persuasion according to researchers, Robert Cialdini and Thomas Davidson, are attractiveness and likeability, reciprocity, social proof, consistency, authority, and scarcity (Davidson, 2008)(Myers, 2010, pg. 237). These principles of persuasion impact our self-perception, our attitudes and behaviors, and our culture.
Todorov, A., Chaiken, S., & Henderson, M. D. (2002). The heuristic-systematic model of social information processing. In J. P. Dillard & M. Pfau (Eds.), The persuasion handbook: developments in theory and practice (pp. 195–211). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Social psychology is all about influence. It’s the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by other people. Social psychologists study social influence by different means of research methods - the observational method, correlational method, and experimental method. These methods are crucial for researchers because they each serve a different purpose, and differ in validity. Each method holds strengths and weakness and is used to explore different areas of behaviors.
The book, Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert B. Cialdini illustrates the implementation of reciprocation, commitment and consistency, social proof, liking, authority, and scarcity. The book identifies these six principles as weapons of influence in aiding with persuasion. The following explains and applies each principle.
Based on this, the researchers surmised that it was possible that the change in attitude brought on by involvement was not necessarily toward a specific person or issue, but rather toward granting the requests in general.
King, P.M. & Kitchener, K.S. (2002). The reflective judgment model: Twenty years of research on epistemic cognition. In B. K. Hofer and P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, (pp. 37-61). Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, Publisher.
Pretty, R.E. & Wegener, D.T. 2010. Attitude change: multiple roles for persuasion variables. Advanced social psychology: the state of the science, 1-78.
“Perhaps more than anything else, novels let us escape the prison of our skulls to get inside someone else’s head and experience a reality that is, as the name of the form suggests, completely and colorfully novel” (Aziz, “What Novels Teach Us”). In their classrooms, students sit in their courses ready to listen and learn. Honors students dig deep into their curriculum in order to reach their full potential. Books help prepare the students for future success. Reading is a teacher of important life lessons such as understanding other cultures, coping skills, empathy, and self-acceptance.
Critical thinking regularly involves the capability to interpret information and make knowledgeable decisions based on such information. Additionally, problem solving is frequently theorised as the use of critical thinking skills towards the effective solution of a specific problem or towards a specific end goal. Critical thinking is the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances. The general goal of thinking is to figure out some situation” (Critical Thinking, 2001, p.1), solve some problem, answer some questions, or resolve some issue. It also is a process in which a person pursuits reliable and pertinent information about the world. Critical thinking is often described as reasonable, ruminative, trustworthy, and a well-practiced form of thinking that assists people with deciding what they should believe in and what actions should be taken. A practiced critical thinker will ask good questions, collects pertinent data, categorizes common characteristics, logically reasons with the new data and then he or she will come to a trustworthy and dependable conclusion. Critical thinking makes use of many processes and procedures. Some processes include but is not limited to asking questions, making judgments, and identifying