Sun Yixian's Contribution to the Ending of Manzhu Rule in 1911
Introduction
------------
The 1911 Revolution was so important in the Chinese history that it
ended the thousand-year-old absolute monarchyå›ä¸»å°ˆåˆ¶ and opened a new
era. The KMT國民黨 followers liked calling Dr. Sun the "Father of
Nation國父", as if the birth of the Chinese republic was mainly his
contribution. Let's evaluateè¡¡é‡ how far Dr. Sun really led to the
success of the 1911 Revolution.
Main Body
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A. Dr. Sun's role:
Like Lenin, Dr. Sun was mainly engaged從事 in the preparation準備工作 and
aftermath善後 of the Revolution, rather than in actual fighting.
I. Role as thinkeræ€æƒ³å®¶, propagandist宣傳家 and fund-raiser籌款人: He was the
first one who advocatedæ倡 for a modern revolution in China in order to
build up a Chinese nation-state with popular sovereignty主權在民.
a. Inspirational激勵性Oathå£è™Ÿ: "Expel the Manzhu, restore the Chinese
rule, establish a republic, equalize land
ownership驅除韃虜ã€æ¢å¾©ä¸è¯ã€å‰µç«‹æ°‘國ã€å¹³å‡åœ°æ¬Š" made the revolutionary goal clear à many
followers.
b. Three Principles of the People (sanmin zhuyi三民主義) refer to
nationalism, democracy (people's rights) and livelihood. These made up
a basic revolutionary ideologyæ„è˜å½¢æ…‹ after 1905 à popular support
i. Nationalism (minzu zhuyiæ°‘æ—主義): anti-Manzhu nature à widely echoed回應
ii. Democracy (minquan zhuyi民權主義): noble高尚 idealç†æƒ³ (but few people
understood except the literati知è˜ä»½å)
iii. Livelihood (minsheng zhuyi民生主義): attractive (but difficult to
implemen...
... middle of paper ...
... weakened削弱 the
foundation基礎 of the Qing Dynasty
IV. Influx輸入 of western ideas: Ideas of constitutionalism立憲主義,
democracy and republicanism共和主義 were imported from the West. They had
great impacts on the younger generationå¹´é’一輩 of China. à inclinedå‚¾å‘ to
the revolutionaries
V. Nationalization國有化 of Railways (immediate cause): opposition of the
local gentry鄉紳 and people (high-tide of regionalism) à unrest in
Sichuanå››å· Ã diverted轉移 the Manzhu attention à Hubei湖北 became nakedä¸è¨é˜²
to the revolutionary attacks
Conclusion
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The success of the 1911 Revolution was, in short, a fruit produced by
many personalities人物 and the interaction互動 of many factors. Therefore,
the role of Dr. Sun was great but should not be exaggerated誇大.
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Revolution was the only solution to save China. D’Addese 8 Works Cited Spence, Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. New York: NY 2013.
In 1911, a nationalist political party was founded by Sun Yat-sen, but was governed in China by Chiang Kai-shek. Sun wanted to make China free, strong, and successful by following his three principles. “Our Party [the Guomindang] takes the development of the weak and small and resistance to the strong and violent as our sole and most urgent task. This is even truer for those groups which are not of our kind if they are not our kind, their hearts must be different”. What Zuo Zhuan is trying to say is that we, the Guomindang, take in the defenseless, hopeless, and feeble and transform them into powerful figures. If you don’t join our organization than you would be considered a weakling. This caught the Hui peo...
... This essay critically analyses and examines the effect of Communism on the Chinese Society during the period of 1946-1964. The overall conclusion that can be drawn is that the Chinese Communist Party managed to defeat the Kuomintang (Nationalist) Party and achieve victory in the Civil War, in spite of alienation by the Soviet Union and opposition from the U.S. This was primarily because of the superior military strategy employed by the Communists and the economic and political reforms introduced by this party which brought more equality to the peasants in the form of land ownership and better public services. This increased China’s production and manufacturing, which not only boosted the country’s economy but also provided a more sustainable supply of food, goods and services for the Chinese people.
Taylor, Jay. The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2009. Print.
Zhao, S., (2003), ‘Political Liberalization without Democratization: Pan Wei’s proposal for political reform’ Journal of Contemporary China, 12(35): 333–355.
Chang, King- yuh, The Impact of the Three Principles of the People on China (Taipei, _____Taiwan, Republic of China, National Chengchi University, 1988) pp.vii
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