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First-degree murder charges
California driving laws
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Recommended: First-degree murder charges
The Charges
In recent years, prosecutors have charged drivers who have killed while under the influence with first degree murder. Drivers under the influence made the decision to drive knowing they were incapacitated and were accused of turning their vehicle into a murder weapon. Under California law, however, these charges would most likely be considered second degree murder.
At drivinglaws.org, it states the following: "In the context of an unintentional killing, malice aforethought means the person committed an intentional act—the natural and probable consequences of which were dangerous to human life—and did so with conscious disregard for the risk it posed to others."
For example, a person got behind the wheel of a car knowing his/her
Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Haxton; Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Bassat; Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Cunningham's Warehouse Sales Pty Ltd (2012) 246 CLR 498
As pointed out by Meagher JA in Marien v Gardiner it is not possible that the driver could foresee and react to any event that could take place within the area surrounding the vehicle. Therefore, the driver could not have breached his duty of care in any circumstance that an object by chance is to collide with a vehicle on the road.
Chris Crutcher, author of the short story “Fourth and Too Long”, demonstrates how important it is for players and coaches to have a mutual respect for each other on and off of the field. Over the course of the story, the main character, Benny struggles to find respect for himself as well as the coaches of his high school football team. Identically, the coaches lack respect for him as well. Benny woods is being penalized from playing football due to the length of his hair and his decision not to cut it. In the 1960’s long hair was said to have represented being a member of the hippie community. “It sends a message that the rest of the team can do any damn thing they want. First it’s the hair, then...who knows what”(160) is what Coach Greene
In his novel Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys, Dr. Victor M. Rios aims to demonstrate the catastrophe of criminalization, the flops of using cruel and humiliating punishments that attempt to “‘correct’ and ‘manage’ marginalized youths” (p. 23), and to display the consequences that these practices will have on the paths that teenagers take. He does this by documenting parts of his experience in observing forty boys of Black and/or Latino who are “heavily affected by criminal justice policies and practice” (p. 8). Then, he clarifies how these flaws impacted the boys in these situations. The aim of this essay is to summarize Dr. Rios’ observations and analyze and critique the primary arguments made in the book.
First degree murder is classified by murder with a malicious intent; it also includes murder while committing a crime. Second degree murder is the act of killing a person with no prior intent. Involuntary murder, which is sometimes called third degree murder, is murder that results from a disregard for human life; this would include acts such as drunk driving. Finally, voluntary murder occurs when a person with no prior intent to kill enters a circumstance in which his emotions get the best of him and murder occurs.
While drunk drivers who cause injuries or deaths may spend some time behind bars as punishment for their actions, for their victims the accident can often be a life sentence. Drunk driving has lifelong ramifications for those who are injured and who must live the rest of their lives with pain, disability, isolation, medical bills, or the loss of loved ones. While drunk-driving offenders can usually reclaim a normal life after their eventual release from jail, victims may never regain the normalcy that was taken from them so abruptly.
Driving under the influence is measured by a person’s blood alcohol level (BAC). BAC is determined by the concentration of alcohol in the bloodstream. Individual counties and states have their own legal level on blood alcohol percentages that they measure a person’s BAC to determine if they are intoxicated while behind the wheel. “Everywhere in the United States it is illegal to drive with a BAC of 0.08% or higher” (DUI Foundation).
“Whether a killer acted with the deliberation and premeditation required for first degree murder can only be determined on a case by case basis. The need for deliberation and premeditation does not mean that the perpetrator must contemplate at length or plan far ahead of the murder.”
Drunk driving is a severe offense around the world and if caught driving under the influence severe punishment follows. Taking cold showers or drinking water or strong coffee cannot remove the blood alcohol content in the body. Only time can remove all alcohol from the body. Most people that drive under the influence of alcohol are knowledgeable that they are intoxicated; however, they make themselves believe that they are stable enough to operate a motor vehicle. Many fatalities can be caused by drunk driving, such as becoming a paraplegic or even worse death.
Driving under the influence is one of the most common and dangerous situations in which anyone can be or be placed. Drinking and driving is a serious offence that can cause someone to be physically harm or even killed. Not only are you putting yourself at risk but you are also risking the lives of passengers in the car as well as any other car and occupants sharing the road with you. Many people believe that increasing fines for drunk driving offenders will play a compelling role in cutting down the occurrences of driving under the influence. However, while harsher DUI laws will look effective on paper, they will not make a significant step in the fight against drunk driving. Although there is a law enforced for drinking and driving in the
The defendant is foresees these consequences, although not desired, will occur as a result of their intended act. Oblique intention can be seen in the case Hyam v DPP (1975). This case resulted in the accused being convicted on two counts of murder. The defendant was a jealous woman who had been romantically involved with a man, Mr Jones who had then gone on to have a relationship with another woman, Ms Booth who he later became engaged to in the spring of 1971. The defendant as a result went to Ms Booth’s home and poured petrol through her letterbox, she then put newspaper, which she set on fire through also. This quickly ignited and the defendant went straight home without alerting anyone to the blaze, which was spreading. Although Ms Booth and her son were able to escape through a window her two daughters perished, as they were asphyiciated by the fumes from the flames, which were engulfing their house as they slept. The defendant argued that she was not guilty of murder as she did not intend on causing harm or killing anyone, she had just wanted to frighten Ms Booth and as a result should only be found guilty of manslaughter. However as she would have been aware of a high probability of serious injury or death and therefore was found guilty of oblique intention. In this case causing harm was not intended but resulted
For many years, drunk driving casualties have been viewed differently. Many believe that drunk driving laws are strict while others believe that it is too lenient. In this generations, where alcohol is cheap and very accessible many tends to abuse it. This people who abuse alcohol is known as drunk drivers because after taking three or four drinks they still believe that they are not drunk and goes back to the wheel of their vehicle without thinking of what will happen next. This drunk drivers are willing to risk their lives and the lives of others because they are ashamed or too big to call a family member or a designated drivers to take them home. If they are lucky and did not die on their way home. Then they create this dangerous cycle of
In the case of R v Maloney (1985), the defendant and the Victim (stepfather of the defendant), were drunk when they decided to have a contest of who can load and fire a gun more quickly. The defendant shot the victim without aiming as the victim taunted the defendant to fire the gun. Lord Bridge held ‘Foresight of consequences as an element bearing on the issue of intention in murder... belongs, not to the substantive law but the law of evidence’ (Molan, 2001: 95), oblique intent here is held ...
Law enforcement officers tracked down the driver of the truck and they administered a chemical breath test. The results of the breath test were over the legal limit. A toxicology sample will be needed to determine if the driver was drunk at the time of the hit and run accident. The driver has been charged with vehicular homicide, operating a vehicle while intoxicated, and hit and run.
The main form of reckless driving that a large amount of people are aware of is drinking and driving. When an individual is under the influence while driving, it can become detrimental in regards to other lives, not just to the individual behind the wheel because it impairs the driver 's ability to make quick and smart decisions. Within the last year there was a 15 year old boy who had lost his life due to driving under the influence. Somehow the boy had managed to veer off the road and wrap his car around a pole and into a Whataburger, not only taking his own life but also risking the lives of anyone who was inside the restaurant. The fact that he was drinking impaired his ability to drive, thus resulting in not having control of his vehicle. Another major issue of reckless driving is speeding. Many times drivers will reach dangerous speeds on the road as the result of racing. Once reaching the high speeds, the individual is risking the amount of control they have over the car. When lacking control of the vehicle the said person is