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Thomas Piketty income inequality theory
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Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century is concerned with income inequality. His central thesis is based on the equation r>g, where r is the average annual rate of return on capital, and g is the growth of the economy. Piketty’s main argument is that invested capital will grow faster than income, the implications of which are profound. To put it simply Piketty believes that if r>g, the rich will get richer while those who rely on income will never catch up to the wealth of people who are already rich. Piketty’s findings are nothing new; they are a structural feature of capitalism dating back centuries. They also resonate in today’s context with the Occupy movement, pitting the 99% against the 1%. In his book Piketty puts forward umpteen prescriptions, one of which is a global tax on capital. For Piketty in an ideal world a global tax on capital would rectify this unequal distribution of wealth, however is such a tax system feasible?
What Piketty propounds is that when the rate of return on capital significantly exceeds the growth rate of the economy (r>g), then it logically follows that inherited wealth grows faster than output and income. This results in a concentration of wealth, which can lead to political,
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Piketty proposes a permanent annual tax on capital. He suggests rates of 1% for fortunes between 1-5million euros and 2% above 5 million euros, which if applied could bring in a significant amount of revenue. Oracles Chairman Larry Ellison who is worth reported $41 billion as of September 2013 was a high school drop out who held a number of odd jobs through the years until he founded what is today one of the world’s largest technology companies (Business Insider). Ellison who would be an ideal candidate for Piketty’s tax is an example of hard work and a “rags to riches” story, in contrast to the picture Piketty paints of the rich getting richer through inherited
Sumner believes that inequality is imperative in order to establish the different between the fittest and the unfittest. He believes that “we work and deny ourselves to get capital, just because, other things being equal, the man who has it is superior, for attaining all the ends of life, to the man who has it not” (Sumner, 38). Basically, this statement means that as long as people competitively work to earn money, there will always be the superiors and those who are not. Sumner considers inequality as benefit to the world and economy. He believes that “It is impossible that the man with capital and the man without capital should be equal” (Sumner, 38).
Time and time again we hear politicians and office holders preach the need for a powerful middle-class. You may then be surprised to hear that “about 82% of America’s net worth belongs to the top 20%, the next 80% of people only own about 18% of America’s wealth” (UCSC). Some may argue that this disproportion is the beauty of capitalism, the chance to create an empire. I argue that the proportions are simply unfair. Why is it that “ the average CEO makes 350X as much as his/her employee” (UCSC)?
David J Lynch says that, “ [s]ocieties that manage a narrower gap between rich and poor enjoy longer economic expansions”, however, in the United States the gap between the have and have-nots has widened (source C). “This country is just getting worse and worse and worse … and that is not a recipe for stable growth” (source C). If we do not do something soon our capitalist country will fall. In order for the income inequality gap to lessen to create a more stable economy the government must invest in education and unionize workers and not provide higher taxation for the top one percent.
Sklar provides vivid illustrations of the astronomical wealth of America’s richest class. Sklar opens her article with the following fact from the CIA World Factbook, “‘Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20 percent of households’” (308). This is a disturbing fact especially for a country that prides itself on equality. A truly equal society would reflect nationwide prosperity throughout all levels. Next, Sklar writes about the Forbes 400, the wealthiest people in America. Sklar states that the minimum net worth to get on the list is $...
...o conclude with, the worst fate is waiting for rich people in Marx’s “Communist manifesto”, and is explained by 2 factors: mismanagement of given resources and negative result in the class struggle between the poor and the rich. Reich, on the contrary, argues that the wealthiest people, these are the symbolic analysts, will thrive due to the higher demand for their services and better technologies. Both authors see the capital factor in different lights and predict the rich to either succeed with the help of it, or lose because of its mismanagement. Meanwhile Reich does not mention any tension among different classes Marx sees the doom of the rich in its defeat to proletariat. Nevertheless, considering that Reich describes modern times and having witnessed the fall of USSR, a model of Marxist regime, should we incline more to Reich’s predictions on the rich’s fate?
Rust, M. (1998, August 3). "Public Welfare for Billionaires." Insight on the News. v14 n28.
In the United States there are four social classes : the upper class, the middle class, the working class, and the lower class. Of these four classes the most inequality exists between the upper class and the lower class. This inequality can be seen in the incomes that the two classes earn. During the period 1979 through the present , the growth in income has disproportionately grown.The bottom sixty percent of the US population actually saw their real income decrease in 1990 dollars. The next 20% saw medium gains. The top twenty percent saw their income increase 18%. The wealthiest one percent saw their incomes rise drastically over 80%. As reported in the 1997 Center on Budget's analysis , the wealthiest one percent of Americans ( 2.6 million people) received as much after-tax income in 1994 as the bottom 35 percent of the population combined (88 million people). But in 1977 the bottom 35 percent had about twice as much after tax income as the top one percent. These statistics further show the disproportional income growth among the social classes. The gr...
Wealth inequality is a real issue that needs to be fixed. The imbalanced growth of the upper class compared to the middle class is a danger to American society as a whole. The rich becoming richer while the middle class remains the same leads to a power imbalance, with the rich using their money to run the country the way they see fit while the middle class speaks to ears that do not listen. The issue of wealth inequality needs to be fixed by raising taxes on the rich.
In Karl Marx’s Capital he analyses the intricacies of capitalism and its effects on the social relations between people and products. Marx’s chapters “Commodity of Fetishism” and “Working Days” in particular parse through and deconstruct the complex model of a commodity and its crucial role in capitalism. In order to do this, Marx introduces the notion of a use-value as the base foundation of a commodity. Marx then further relates this idea to exchange-value of a commodity. The exchange-value is incredibly important, as it is the driving force behind capitalism. In the first chapter Marx examines how commodities, once in the marketplace seemingly adopt innate value wherein the consumer does not equate the objects value with the human labour expended, but rather that the item
Scarborough, Joe. “Top 1% Took 95% of Gains Since 2009.” Tampa Bay Times. January 21, 2014. Web. March 11, 2014. In this article the authors shows how income inequality has been changing over the time. He also tries to emphasize how large this gap has become by comparing income and taxation of the top 1% with the rest of the nation.
Everyone has his or her own ideas of how wealth should be distributed properly. Some people believe wealth should be left to family, left for public services, or become the property of others. Others believe that people should not have excess wealth, resulting in non-existent class distinctions. An alternative view is that wealth is not distributed; instead, the wealthy continue to grow wealthier while those in poverty can not escape it and fall further into a life of poverty. The beliefs discussed above come from three different writers. Those writers include Andrew Carnegie, Karl Marx, and Robert B. Reich. These writers all have different opinions on how wealth should be distributed properly.
The poor gets poorer, and the rich gets richer. Economically speaking, this is the truth about Capitalism. Numerous people agree that this inequality shows the greedy nature of humankind. The author of the source displays a capitalist perspective that encompasses an individualist approach towards an “un-ideal” economic system. The source articulates a prominent idea that capitalism is far from perfect. The reality is, as long as capitalism exists, there are always those people who are too poor or too rich in the system. We do not need elitists in our society but that is exactly what capitalists are. In this society, people are in clash with those who “have” and those who “have not”, which creates conflict and competition. Throughout
The oxford dictionary describes as “an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. Sir Thomas More first used this word; he was born in 1478 in London, England and came to be one of the most influential figures of the early Renaissance. Not only did he work as a lawyer but he was also a well respected philosopher and historian as well as writer. In 1516, Moore wrote Utopia, a book based off of fiction and political philosophy. Utopia has been with us since the beginning of time – all religions for example has an idea of a perfect place; the Garden of Eden and paradise are examples within the Catholic religion. When Moore first created the word for a book entitles Utopia, the word itself is derived for the Greek ju meaning ‘no’ and toʊpiə meaning ‘place’ therefore the literal translation would be ‘no place.’ However, it could also mean ‘good place’ as eu(topia) means good(place). This idea of no place and good place juxtapose each other and also arise the concept of an ‘ideal’ place being elsewhere – out of the reach of human beings – or just does not exist.
There were many theories that promotes and explains how the capitalist system works; however, Karl Marx’s Capital is the first one that can explain the imminent relationship between poverty and wealth, inequality and growth under capitalism. ...
Income inequality continues to increase in today’s world, especially in the United States. Income inequality means the unequal distribution between individuals’ assets, wealth, or income. In the Twilight of the Elites, Christopher Hayes, a liberal journalist, states the inequality gap between the rich and the poor are increasing widening, and there need to have things done - tax the rich, provide better education - in order to shortening the inequality gap. America is a meritocratic country, which means that everybody has equal opportunity to be successful regardless of their class privileges or wealth. However, equality of opportunity does not equal equality of outcomes. People are having more opportunities to find a better job, but their incomes are a lot less compared to the top ten percent rich people. In this way, the poor people will never climb up the ladder to high status and become millionaires. Therefore, the government needs to increase all the tax rates on rich people in order to reduce income inequality.