Summary Of The SL Text By Blum-Kulka

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which is more redundant than the SL text.” By “more redundant”, she means that the level of cohesive explicitness of the TT is higher than that of the ST. Blum-Kulka views the explicitation as inherent in the process of translation and calls this argument as “exploitation hypothesis” (Blum-Kulka, 1986: 299,300). As such, there are two types of cohesive markers shifts: obligatory and optional. Obligatory shifts are those that occur due to the grammatical differences between languages, while the optional ones are those that occur due to stylistic preferences. Blum-Kulka stresses that only optional shifts of cohesion should be taken into consideration because they can be used as “evidence for showing certain trends in shifts of cohesion through translation” (p.312). Blum-Kulka argues that shifts in text meaning occur when “the explicit and implicit meaning potential of the source text changes through translations” (1986:299). In her discussion of the relationship between meaning and cohesion, she quotes Haliday and Hasan’s (1976) words which state that “cohesion ties do much more than provide continuity and thus …show more content…

text, genre, and discourse. They define the first factor, genre, as “a conventionalized form of speaking or writing which we associate with particular communicative events.” Every genre has its own settings which include strict norms that regulate what participants can or cannot say. Hatim and Munday give an example of an application letter clarifying mishandling with genre: “Your Excellency, I am honoured and flattered to apply for a place on the MA programme at your esteemed University.” They claim that this is a result of either “poor translation or negative interference from the mother tongue” (p.88). “Your Excellency” is used to address heads of state, ministers, governors, ambassadors, etc. Thus, it is not suitable to use it in this

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