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Urban sociology midterm
Urban sociology midterm
Counterculture movement explained essay pdf
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Urban spaces are not only the physical areas of a city, but they are also places of contested meaning and culture. The normative meanings and practices of places in cities can be controlled when public spaces becomes less public and more private. Jeff Ferrell explores the increasing trend of controlling public spaces and the resulting actions of people who are taking back their cities in his book “Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy” (2001). This book looks at the revanchist city; one that regulates and closes off public spaces, and further marginalizes the marginalized. Ferrell uses examples of direct action taken to reclaim space throughout the book, such as BASE jumping, critical mass, pirate radio, graffiti and street …show more content…
music. Although Ferrell doesn’t explicitly explain his positionality, he writes himself into the book as he has also lived the experiences he writes about.
His open subjectivity is a strength, and it allows us to better understand the ideas he is conveying. His first hand experiences, and other similar actions, are all DIY, accessible and inclusive. Those are key factors that can be seen from every one of Farrell’s examples, that direct action for reclaiming public space is accessible and inclusive especially for the people directly affected. This idea can perhaps be expanded and applied to social movements and resistance in general. It’s easy to assume that resistance from civil society is always towards fighting the good fight, but examples such as the rise of the Alt-right or white pride parades** are also forms of resistance where the line between positive and harmful is blurred. Taking the concept behind “if I can’t dance, I don’t want to be part of your revolution,” we could potentially use inclusiveness and accessibility as measures of ‘good’ movements. This does assume an understanding of human morals and goodness, but if the aim is to create space for genuine human interaction and achieving comfort and enjoyment for the most amount of people, those assumptions don’t seem very problematic. show that the impossible is
possible! The book touches on urban design decisions that are quite explicitly planned for exclusion, such as . This brought home how difficult it is to wait for change to happen legally, because when a city includes a sitting time limit in their planning decisions, that rule is quickly taken up and enforced but to challenge or change it would require endlessly jumping through bureaucratic hoops. It also goes the other way, by legalizing certain activities they become subject to harsher regulations instead of being left alone to be performed legally. For example, if critical mass events were legalized then there would have to be a lot more formal organization, security, and rules, taking away from the group dynamic.
The book The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century by Robert Roberts gives an honest account of a village in Manchester in the first 25 years of the 20th century. The title is a reference to a description used by Friedrich Engels to describe the area in his book Conditions of the Working Class. The University of Manchester Press first published Roberts' book in the year 1971. The more recent publication by Penguin Books contains 254 pages, including the appendices. The author gives a firsthand description of the extreme poverty that gripped the area in which he grew up. His unique perspective allows him to accurately describe the self-imposed caste system, the causes and effects of widespread poverty, and the impact of World War I as someone who is truly a member of a proletarian family. His main contention is that prior to the War, the working class inhabiting the industrial slums in England "lay outside the mainstream of that society and possessed within their own ranks a system of social stratification that enclosed them in their own provincial social world and gave them little hope of going beyond it. " After the War, the working class found new economic prosperity and a better way of life, never returning to the lifestyle prevalent prior to the War.
By doing this kind of protest he allowed many types of people to see what lengths he would go to get change. It would also show that his intent was towards helping people, but he needed to get their attention first. This protest was the best possible way to get the attention and help the people at the same
In Todd Shepard’s work Voices of Decolonization, the featured documents provide keen insight into the geopolitical environment of the era of decolonization (1945-1965) and the external and internal pressures on the relationships between colonial nations and the territories that they held dominion over (Shepard 10). Decolonization is the result of a combination of national self-determination and the establishment of functional international institutions composed of independent sovereign nations united towards common goals. As decolonization progressed, it intersected with points of significant sociopolitical tension between colonies and the nations that colonized them. Some of these moments of tension came in the form of progressive ideals held by international agencies which colonial nations were allied with, the revolt of colonized populations against their standing government in favor of independence, and in moral and political conflicts that arose when decolonization takes a form unexpected or undesired by the primary agents of progressive international institutions.
Sally Engle Merry’s “Urban Danger: Life in a Neighborhood of Strangers” explores the urban danger associated with living in a neighborhood with “strangers.” The ethnographic study centralizes around a multiethnic housing project in a neighborhood with high crime; Dover Square Project. She emphasizes the relevance of social groups and the impact it maintains in promoting the idea of danger in urbanities. Merry focuses her attention on the impression the residents’ have, which is “that they live in a world of dangerous and unpredictable strangers” and the contrasting reality. Throughout the article, she clarifies this misconception and explores how the boundaries between the ethnic groups promote anonymity, which then in response fosters opportunities for
What Parents Need to Know about Playgrounds The essay, “Learning Responsibility on City Sidewalks” by Jane Jacobs, gives insight into the positive aspects that come out of neighborly interaction and expresses how the creation of playgrounds within the community can taint a child’s upbringing. The use of playgrounds is said to lead to a lack of joint responsibility which can have an influence on the youth within a community. The author feels that parks do not benefit pubescents in same the way that adult interaction does; therefore, they are frugal communal wastes.
In 1962, after a trip to India he gained a deeper understanding of what he could achieve by using the nonviolence approach. Upon his return to the United States of America, he focused his attention to Birmingham, Alabama the most segregated city in America, there he achieved two things, one was to demonstrate nonviolent marches, and protests can work to and also by using children, he could teach them that the nonviolent was the way forward. The protest in Birmingham, Alabama shock...
Peering in from the eastern border of St. James Park, in the city of San José, you begin to get an essence of American life. From the upper echelons, to the lowly scum of society, St. James Park is known for its diversity. With the church at your back, you can observe the people pacing the station, glancing at their cell phones every other second as they wait for the train to arrive. An elderly man takes a leisurely stroll with the support of his cane. Kids playing soccer score between goal post marked by homeless bunker tree forts. Police reprimand a vagrant man for being naked while changing at his park bench. A used dirty tissue and old worn-in hooker boots lay carelessly on a picnic table inside the deserted playground area. The thugs make a quick score of some coke from their local street pharmacist. In the distance, bordering the western end of the park, are the steps leading to the Superior Court House: an everlasting symbol of justice and security presiding over American life. The frequenters of St. James Park are a part of a unique and complex subculture, in and of itself.
Flannery O'Conner has again provided her audience a carefully woven tale with fascinating and intricate characters. "The Displaced Person" introduces the reader to some interesting characters who experience major life changes in front of the reader's eyes. The reader ventures into the minds of two of the more complex characters in "The Displaced Person," Mrs. McIntyre and Mrs. Shortley, and discovers an unwillingness to adapt to change. Furthermore, the intricate details of their characters are revealed throughout the story. Through these details, the reader can see that both Mrs. McIntyre and Mrs. Shortley suffer from a lack of spiritual dimension that hinders them as they face some of life's harsher realities. Mrs. McIntyre struggles throughout the story, most notably during the tragic conclusion. Her lack of spiritual dimension is revealed slowly until we ultimately see how her life is devastated because of it. Mrs. Shortley, on the other hand, seems to have it all figured out spiritually -- or at least she believes that she does. It is only in the last few minutes of her life that she realizes all she has convinced herself of is wrong.
In this essay “Disconnected Urbanism” by Paul Goldberg that was published in 2016. Goldberg discusses how technology is affecting how people see the world. People all around the world own cell phones, but it seems the longer cell phones have been around the more people start to rely on them and start to depend on them. There was a time when people would get excited to see new things and go on exciting adventures. Cell phones are slowly but surely taking all the excitement away. Although Paul Goldberg mentions how talking on cell phones is an everyday use, he argues that cell phones are making people miss out on the true beauty the world has to offer.
The article, Racial Conflict, written by Peter Katel in January 8, 2016, is about racism in the United State and to discuss if U.S. policies are discriminatory. Propelled largely by videos of violent police confrontations with African- Americans, protesters have taken to the streets in Chicago, New York and other cities demanding changes in police tactics. These brutal policing tactics had lead persons to say that U.S. policies are discriminatory. For example, Chicago police officer shot 17-year-old Laquan Mc Donald 16 times in the street. Official kept the video away from the public until a reporter forced its release through freedom of information request. Keeping the video under wrap prove that Mc Donald was killed innocently which also
Society has developed this standard way of leaving and when one is put out of this inner circle, they are left to look at life in a whole new perspective, challenging themselves against the norms in order to survive. No group of people knows this better than the “Mole people” introduced in Jennifer Toth’s book, The Mole people, where life is a constant struggle against others, police and what lurks in the abyss of the New York City tunnel system. The sociological concepts of accommodation, alienation, and culture play a key role in how we view and understand the lives of this counterculture based off of various sociological theories. These sociological tools will provide us with the ability to understand the lives of this group of people and
Greenwich Village’s Washington Square Park in Manhattan, New York, was previously occupied by young protestors driven by anti-war and racial issues. “In the spring of 1961, the Washington Square Association, a community group of homeowners around the square, appealed to New York City’s Department of Parks and Recreation to do something about the hundreds of ‘roving troubadours and their followers’ playing music around the square’s turned off fountain on Sunday afternoons” (Straughsbaugh 1). “The parks commission began issuing permits to limit the number of musicians, allowing them to ‘sing and play from two until five as long as they had no drums,’ Van Ronk writes” (Straughsbaugh 1). Permitting the number of musicians provoked the traditionalists to become active protestors. The community around the square complained about the ruckus caused by these hippies, racial mixture, cultured young folks.
Likewise, violent protests raise awareness in a negative and oftentimes irrational light. Following the tragic shooting of Michael Brown in the fall of 2014***, countless riots shed light on a new twist on a century-old issue; race in America. The man shot was an African-American, unarmed, young adult. He was shot by a white police officer who believed the young man to be a threat to his safety. His death became the catalyst for the modern Black Lives Matter movement’s stance on equality in American justice systems. While the movement places an emphasis on a need for change, much like Martin Luther King did in the 1960’s, the mass riots from Ferguson, Missouri to Baltimore, Maryland contradict civil disobedience. The riots caused hundreds of vandalisms, countless injuries of police officers in both cities, and created fear for the movement. Awareness for the issues were raised because of this movement, but the violent initial spark of it derailed the solid proof of the need for change. This further proves the necessity that civil disobedience is on a free society; peaceable expression of views has a heavier weight when it comes to altering the course of a
In Hardt’s Affective Labor, they argue that biopower is the “power of creation of life”, and that the creation of affective communities through affective labor is in itself a “form-of-life” (Hardt, 1999). Under the goal of creating a new type of human, revolutionary movements are engagements of biopower, which in turn push back against forms of biopower from the ruling class. In discussing their participation in the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955/1956 and other events of the Civil Rights movement, Boggs discusses how the movement was not simply trying to become equal to whiteness, and instead were trying to change the dominant system, while changing themselves in the process. Through their activism, was engaging in a form of affective labor that in turn had the transformative power to continually shape them into someone who encapsulated their utopian vision of a new society. Further, Bogg’s work and activism is aligned with the view of abolition put forth in Stanley’s Captive Genders, in which Stanley argues that abolition supersedes existing structures and institutions, under the vision of replacing them with structures that cultivate
...itner, H., Peck, J. and Sheppard, E.S. (2007) Contesting Neoliberalism Urban Frontiers, New York: Guilford press.