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Example bias in history
Analysis of jane tompkins indians
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In Jane Tompkins essay, “Indians”: Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History” she describes the issues on how history can be flawed by being told from the observer’s point view. She also goes out to question the validity of history in certain historical books. All through the essay, Tompkins’ central message is to let the historical writers know that morality should be the crux of their decision making if they want the truth. It is crucial to know that when learning history you are subject to that person’s narrow point of view. In her essay "'Indians': Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History", Jane Tompkins discusses the problems she encountered while doing historical research about Indians. Not too fond of the plethora of biased accounts, Tompkins initially concluded that because the perspective of historians were muddied by their cultural background, it was essentially impossible to recreate a valid explanation of what truly occurred between …show more content…
the Native Americans and the European settlers. In the end, Tompkins decided that a historian should be mindful of the problems surrounding different perspectives, however, a good historian should draw their own conclusions whilst finding evidence to back it up and letting the facts speak for themselves. Jane Tompkins whole argument is about expanding your research on different interpretations of historical aspects.
Due to Jane Tompkins’ frustration on bias historical facts, one can come to a realization on the importance of honest historical accounts. “This essay enacts a particular instance of the challenge poststructuralism poses to the study of history. In simpler language, it concerns the difference that point of view makes when people are giving accounts of events, whether at first or second hand. The problem is that if all accounts of events are determined through and through by the observer's frame of reference, then one will never know, in any given case, what really happened (Tompkins). According to the article, “Indians”, by Tompkins, it is not possible to find the truth in history and if the perspective is bias it will become a perpetuation of inaccurate history. Jane Tompkins supports this argument by using the example of the Europeans “colonizing” the Indian land and how they were
savages. Although Tompkins argument is a sound one, there are flaws in her thinking. In doing so she cites a distinct case of English protestant settlers who recognizes the Indians to be barbarous savages who raped and persecuted their enslaved. Tompkins then quotes someone who is more supportive towards the “savage” Indians, said that they were a remarkable civilized society of people who advised the European immigrants to get acclimated in their new neighborhood. The reason behind addressing these two perspectives is to emphasize how these two people can have such varied speculations as regards to the same topic. Even though there are some truthfulness in what they are saying, when trying to understand the vast outlook you can't accept either of them as the complete truth. Considering these two people's bias' they may have a disposition to oversee certain details that may be unfavorable to the image they were hoping to depict. In order to collect the most authentic "truth" you must take all the different points of view, and while putting aside your personal beliefs and the beliefs of those who are introducing their version of the story, you must go within yourself to what is accept certain facts and what may be flawed of critical information. When trying to break apart the truth, there is a close parallel to the "banking" theory. The banking theory is one in which you are subject to the prejudices and beliefs of the educator, and you are just filled with their beliefs. When trying to learn history you are consequently subject to the same prejudices. All you really have to learn from are the sources that you are researching. You are then the same as the student in the banking theory. When reading this Tompkins it is crucial to note that it is not meant to discourage you from learning from history. If you don't know what history happened in the past you are most likely subject to it repeating itself. It is important that you learn from the the past to know things about the present. Also, you must learn from other people's perspectives and pick out what you believe to be the truth. This will allow you to see the situation from a variety of different angles in conjunction with yours. Once you are able see these different perspectives, you will therefore be able to learn more about the people who have these views and detect their language and method of developing them. Now, you will be able to know what is considered to be valid and what is not. In order to learn anything about the other people and their surroundings, it is essential that you bear in mind that different people will produce different beliefs on certain subjects. Therefore, when only accepting what they believe, you have subjected yourself to their narrow point of view. To learn the authentic truth, you must grasp as many perspectives as possible including going within yourself for the answers. You will now be allowed to decipher any opposing perspectives and try to find overlapping information in all views. With this method you will save a lot of time in searching for the truth. I believe this Jane Tompkins essay is essential to understanding how history can be false or watered down throughout different books. All though history may have many versions, the facts being presented to the feeble minded viewer will become their version of the truth. One way of drawing out the big picture, is looking at both sides along with your own researched views. Without jumping to conclusions, it is best to ask yourself where did that person come up with that idea?
Modern day Native American are widely known as stewards of the environment who fight for conservation and environmental issues. The position of the many Native American as environmentalists and conservationists is justified based on the perception that before European colonists arrived in the Americas, Native Americans had little to no effect on their environment as they lived in harmony with nature. This idea is challenged by Shepard Krech III in his work, The Ecological Indian. In The Ecological Indian, Krech argues that this image of the noble savage was an invented tradition that began in the early 1970’s, and that attempts to humanize Native Americans by attempting to portray them as they really were. Krech’s arguments are criticized by Darren J Ranco who in his response, claims that Krech fails to analyze the current state of Native American affairs, falls into the ‘trap’ of invented tradition, and accuses Krech of diminishing the power and influence of Native Americans in politics. This essay examines both arguments, but ultimately finds Krech to be more convincing as Krech’s
Pages one to sixty- nine in Indian From The Inside: Native American Philosophy and Cultural Renewal by Dennis McPherson and J. Douglas Rabb, provides the beginning of an in-depth analysis of Native American cultural philosophy. It also states the ways in which western perspective has played a role in our understanding of Native American culture and similarities between Western culture and Native American culture. The section of reading can be divided into three lenses. The first section focus is on the theoretical understanding of self in respect to the space around us. The second section provides a historical background into the relationship between Native Americans and British colonial power. The last section focus is on the affiliation of otherworldliness that exist between
Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma, provides a vivid and brutally honest account of the atrocities committed against Pocahontas and her people, unlike the popular animated film released by Disney. We will never know the absolute truth behind Pocahontas and her people, or the early settlers who emigrated to Jamestown, but one truth, however, remains evident. The English had succeeded in destroying an entire culture, rich with diversity. This may not have been what the English had intended at first, but it untimely was the result of their actions against the Powhatan people and the other tribes of the surrounding region. They imposed harsh conditions which included abduction, conversion, violence, and tributes which practically impossible to
In Thomas King’s novel, The Inconvenient Indian, the story of North America’s history is discussed from his original viewpoint and perspective. In his first chapter, “Forgetting Columbus,” he voices his opinion about how he feel towards the way white people have told America’s history and portraying it as an adventurous tale of triumph, strength and freedom. King hunts down the evidence needed to reveal more facts on the controversial relationship between the whites and natives and how it has affected the culture of Americans. Mainly untangling the confusion between the idea of Native Americans being savages and whites constantly reigning in glory. He exposes the truth about how Native Americans were treated and how their actual stories were
Native American’s place in United States history is not as simple as the story of innocent peace loving people forced off their lands by racist white Americans in a never-ending quest to quench their thirst for more land. Accordingly, attempts to simplify the indigenous experience to nothing more than victims of white aggression during the colonial period, and beyond, does an injustice to Native American history. As a result, historians hoping to shed light on the true history of native people during this period have brought new perceptive to the role Indians played in their own history. Consequently, the theme of power and whom controlled it over the course of Native American/European contact is being presented in new ways. Examining the evolving
The article, “Native Reactions to the invasion of America”, is written by a well-known historian, James Axtell to inform the readers about the tragedy that took place in the Native American history. All through the article, Axtell summarizes the life of the Native Americans after Columbus acquainted America to the world. Axtell launches his essay by pointing out how Christopher Columbus’s image changed in the eyes of the public over the past century. In 1892, Columbus’s work and admirations overshadowed the tears and sorrows of the Native Americans. However, in 1992, Columbus’s undeserved limelight shifted to the Native Americans when the society rediscovered the history’s unheard voices and became much more evident about the horrific tragedy of the Natives Indians.
In a lively account filled that is with personal accounts and the voices of people that were in the past left out of the historical armament, Ronald Takaki proffers us a new perspective of America’s envisioned past. Mr. Takaki confronts and disputes the Anglo-centric historical point of view. This dispute and confrontation is started in the within the seventeenth-century arrival of the colonists from England as witnessed by the Powhatan Indians of Virginia and the Wamapanoag Indians from the Massachusetts area. From there, Mr. Takaki turns our attention to several different cultures and how they had been affected by North America. The English colonists had brought the African people with force to the Atlantic coasts of America. The Irish women that sought to facilitate their need to work in factory settings and maids for our towns. The Chinese who migrated with ideas of a golden mountain and the Japanese who came and labored in the cane fields of Hawaii and on the farms of California. The Jewish people that fled from shtetls of Russia and created new urban communities here. The Latinos who crossed the border had come in search of the mythic and fabulous life El Norte.
Can you imagine growing up on a reservation full of people with no hope? The character Arnold in the book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie did. In the beginning of the book, Arnold was a hopeless Native American living on a hopeless reservation. In the middle of the book, Arnold leaves the reservation and finds out that his sister left too. By the end of the book, Arnold experiences a lot of deaths of people who mean a lot to him but he still found hope. Arnold becomes a warrior for leaving the reservation and going to Reardan.
A Declaration in 1622 is a piece of history that will forever be debated. It was written by Edward Waterhouse who was a prominent Virginia official. In a Declaration in 1622, he describes his first-hand accounts of English genocide and the relationship between the Powhatan and settlers. The point of this paper is to claim that Waterhouse’s portrayal is realistic due to his factual perspective of the time period on the contrasting aspects of the Powhatan and settlers. Diving into Edwards historical accounts can show the hardships of the settlers, the varying characteristics of both groups, the importance of tobacco, and the demonization of Native Americans. The characteristics will conclude the factually sound delineation of Edward Waterhouse.
It appears that rather than highlight the atrocities committed against Native Americans, historians chose to ignore them perhaps out of shame or guilt. Historians often appear to minimize the contribution of Native Americans in the colonies’ path to development. According to Salisbury, Native Americans “Were not static isolates lying outside the ebb and flow of human history” (29). Native peoples, while not as advanced as European societies, where evolving through innovations in agriculture and trade.
together for the better of the shared children. The women had a say in how they would help
As one reads the primary sources they realize that the Information they are given is rather descriptive in comparison to the Textbook. I for one think that primary sources are more superior when wanting to describe in depth a certain event in the eyes of the person who wrote the descriptive piece of information whereas the textbook relies more on factual information rather than descriptive information. In chapter 2 of the textbook the chapter makes mention to the start of exploration by the spanish and portuguese now in this chapter it is mentioned that the indians and explorers had made contact but the details about this contact are brief and not descriptive rather the chapter describes more the goals and the reasons of these early explorations.
I think Axtell’s thesis would most likely be along the lines of “America would not have been established without the presence of the Native Americans.” I would use this as a thesis because this was Axtell’s main point throughout the entire text. He states this several times and provides several examples to prove his point. He said that the natives helped build colonies such as Jamestown and later cities such as New York (986), which has had major impacts in the history of America. The natives helped the Europeans find gold and other riches, allowing the Europeans to build and economy and began settling colonial America (983). The natives also helped build American pride, by being not as “civilized” as the colonists. If the Native Americans
According to historians, ancient people traveled across a land bridge in Alaska and moved down the continent of North America, eventually making it into South America. We refer to these people as Native Americans or Indians. The number of tribes that existed before the European settlement of the New World could have been in the thousands. Many are tribes that we have studied in social studies classes in grade school. Tribes such as the Shawnee, Apache, Shoshoni, Comanche, Souix, Iroquois, Navajo, and the Mandan are just a few of them. But I think all of us have heard about a group of Indians from the Southeastern United States called the Cherokee Indians. The Cherokee Indians and
Mr. and Mrs.Barger had just gotten married they are driving to Gatlinburg Tennessee to go camping in the woods for their honeymoon. About to be there, they listened to the song that both of them danced to at their wedding on the radio. Both were smiling from ear to ear. After the 3 hour drive they got to the campsite and noticed that they were the only ones there except the camp workers. So Mr. and Mrs.Barger got to pick any campsite that they wanted to, they picked the campsite that was in the darkest part of the woods. Starting to pack up, the newlyweds went to the store and bought everything they needed to have for a candle lit dinner.