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Discrimination towards the LGBT community in general
Discrimination towards the LGBT community in general
Discrimination towards the LGBT community in general
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Introduction
There are a lot of suicidal risk among the behavior of LGBT youth adults and it is a function of our social environment, including discrimination and stigma. Social stressors are associated with mental illness, isolation, victimization, and stressful interpersonal relationships with family, peers, and community.
Literature Review LGBTQ
Mustanski, B., & Liu, R. T. (2013). A longitudinal study of predictors of suicide attempts among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(3), 437-48. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-0013
The authors believe that suicidal behaviors in LGBT populations appear to be related to “minority stress”, which stems from the cultural and social prejudice attached
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This stress includes individual experiences of prejudice or discrimination, such as family rejection, harassment, bullying, violence, and victimization. Increasingly recognized as an aspect of minority stress is “institutional discrimination” resulting from laws and public policies that create inequities or omit LGBT people from benefits and protections afforded others. Individual and institutional discrimination have been found to be associated with social isolation, low self-esteem, negative sexual/gender identity, and depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders. These negative outcomes, rather than minority sexual orientation or gender identity per se, appear to be the key risk factors for LGBT suicidal ideation and behavior. Discrimination increases suicide risk because of being rejected by family members and friends that they become social isolation, low self-esteem, negative sexual gender identity, and depression, anxiety, and other mental …show more content…
It was the disruptions of World War II that allowed isolated gay men and women to meet as soldiers, war workers,. It was Senator Joseph McCarthy's investigation of homosexuals holding government jobs during the early 1950s that led to the first American-based political demands for fair treatment in mental health, public policy and in 1950s and 1960s The Homosexual in America (Cory, 1951), asserting that gay men and lesbians were a legitimate minority group, and in 1953, In 973 that the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality as an "illness" classification in its diagnostic manuals. Through the 1980s, as the gay male community was decimated by the AIDS epidemic, demands for compassion and medical funding led to renewed coalitions between men and women as well as angry street theatre by groups like AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and Queer Nation. Enormous marches on Washington drew as many as 1 million gay rights supporters in 1987 and again in 1993. A different wing of the political rights movement called for an end to military expulsion of gay and lesbian soldiers. The patriotism and service of gay men and lesbians in uniform eventually resulted in the uncomfortable compromise "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" as an alternative to decades of military witch hunts and dishonorable discharges. and equal rights. Because of
Internalized homophobia is when negative attitudes from the primary group, mainly family but also the surrounding community, cause negative homophobic thoughts in a person that has same-sex attraction, but may not identify with it. This kind of internalization creates lack of self worth for those that do not “come out”. Research supports that internalized homophobia contributes to lower self-acceptance, loneliness, depression, and the lessened ability to come out to others. Internalized homophobia has a high impact on lesbians because society’s norms are to be married to a man and reproduce, and this norm is the majority in small, rural communities. Because of this norm, lesbians try to maintain a “normal”, “acceptable” lifestyle, and get married and have children, while fighting within themselves about their identity. “A number of studies have found that the degree of internalized homophobia was inversely related to relationship satisfaction in lesbians” (Spencer, 2007, pg. 258).
The young woman who committed suicide, had a poor self image, also known as the totality of the type of person that once perceives oneself to be (Farley and Flota 2012). Her self image was considerably low due to the fact that she was having suicidal thoughts. She most likely perceived herself as someone who was not accepted for who she truly was, especially by her mother. The lack of support that she received by being homosexual, probably gave her the message that who she was as a person was unacceptable. She fell towards suicidal thoughts and ultimately took her life away which is something seen often in media whether it is because the person feels as they are unaccepted by people who are close to them or because of the hatred and bullying they receive from others.
HIV/AIDS is a major risk factor affecting a large portion of the LGBT community, especially gay men. CDC.gov (2013) found that gay and bisexual men of all races continue to be at high risk for developing HIV. According to Krehely (2009) the drug and substance abuse risk factor, as well as mental health issues in the LGBT community often occur and are related to high rates of stress due to the lack of family acceptance of the LGBT lifestyle, systematic discrimination, and the lack of cultural competency in the health care environment. Sexu...
Although homosexuality is not a mental disorder in and of itself, gay men and other men who have sex with men can present with poorer mental health outcomes as a result of social discrimination, rejection, isolation and marginalization.3 4, 5 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, gay men and other MSM are at increased risk for major depression, bipolar disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, the common basis of which is likely homophobia.6 Sustained stress from this can also lead MSM to contemplate suicide or cope through substance use.7 Although providing appropriate mental health support for gay men and other MSM from a clinical perspective is similar to treating anyone else with mental challenges, it is critical to recognize the role that structural and social barriers play in exacerbating negative mental health outcomes among these individuals.
The history of the gay rights movement goes as far back as the late 19th century. More accurately, the quest by gays to search out others like themselves and foster a feeling of identity has been around since then. It is an innovative movement that seeks to change existing norms and gain acceptance within our culture. By 1915, one gay person said that the gay world was a "community, distinctly organized" (Milestones 1991), but kept mostly out of view because of social hostility. According to the Milestones article, after World War II, around 1940, many cities saw their first gay bars open as many homosexuals began to start a networking system. However, their newfound visibility only backfired on them, as in the 1950's president Eisenhower banned gays from holding federal jobs and many state institutions did the same. The lead taken by the federal government encouraged local police forces to harass gay citizens. "Vice officers regularly raided gay bars, sometimes arresting dozens of men and women on a single night" (Milestones). In spite of the adversity, out of the 1950s also came the first organized groups of gays, including leaders. The movement was small at first, but grew exponentially in short periods of time. Spurred on by the civil rights movement in the 1960s, the "homophile" (Milestones) movement took on more visibility, picketing government agencies and discriminatory policies. By 1969, around 50 gay organizations existed in the United States. The most crucial moment in blowing the gay rights movement wide open was on the evening of July 27, 1969, when a group of police raided a gay bar in New York City. This act prompted three days of rioting in the area called the Stonewall Rio...
This article shows a research about harassment and discrimination towards the young gay associated with their mental health. In the article, first, the authors record gay men from different cities six months incidence about their experience about harassment, discrimination and physical violence. Second, the article draws a table to show that the harassment, discrimination and victimization give lots of stress in their life. The author compares and contrasts the co-relation between the self-esteem and suicidal ideation to verbal harassment, discrimination and physical violence. Finally, the article indicates that our society should implement some policy to protect the gay rights and provide the men safe social settings.
It is very reasonable to conclude that research on depression of those who identify as gay, lesbian or transsexual is not accurate; there is an underreporting of people who identify as these sexual orientations because of the fear of being different. It is understood that those apart of the LGBTQ community actively hide their identity in hopes to avoid being rejected or abused (Bird, 2013). Once the reporting issue of having a smaller percentage of the actual representation of the LGBTQ population is put aside, there is evidence that highly suggests that lesbians and gay men are at higher risk for psychiatric disorders than heterosexuals (Cochran, 2001). Even after underreporting, there is still enough information to conclude that sexual discrimination can have harmful effects on the quality of life. Common factors that have been observed in lesbians and gays that can potentially increase depression during Cochran's study are anxiety and mood disorders and decreased self esteem. Cochran and her partner also noted that dissatisfaction with how one is treated beca...
The number of gays and lesbians in the U.S. is estimated to be approximately 8.8 million (randomhistory.com) About thirty-three percent of Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender commit suicide each year. At least fifty-two percent self-harm (dosomethinng.com). Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender are mistreated and misunderstood. Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender are treated inhumanely which causes them to go into a deep depression, self-harm, or even commit suicide. LGBT are humans, not just some creature from another world (personal).
The Internalized Homophobia Scale is a proven reliable and valid 9-item measure of sexual stigma developed by Meyer (1995) which was adapted for self-administration from interview items developed by Martin and Dean (1988). This scale has proved internal consistency and has been well researched. Results from a Sign, Dew, Hays & Gailis (2006) study found that internalized was negatively correlated to social ease and self- disclosure. Internalized Homophobia in same-gender relationship. may manifest differently because of the intersectionality that bisexual women of color experience (race, gender and sexuality).
With a high level of regulation, individuals feel as though they are not accepted in their societies if they do not fit the mold of what that society deems as normal. A great example would be the deaths due to the sexuality of an individual. In the United States, the LGBT community is still not accepted fully by the population. There are many people against the idea of same sex marriages, and transgendered individuals leading to hate crimes. According to bullyingstatistics.org, a recent study states that “gay and lesbian teens are two or three times as more likely to commit teen suicide than other youths. About 30 percent of all completed suicides have been related to sexual identity crisis.” Many individuals see that the LGBT community goes against what is considered “normal” and is seen as a threat to heterosexuality, this is why it is not accepted. The individuals that are questioning their sexuality fear for their lives and still struggle to accept it and come out because of the reaction of the people around them. This leads to the act of committing
LGB youth coping with stress in positive manners was associated with a decrease likelihood of becoming homeless. The strength of the relationship was negatively correlated and indicates that coping with stress in negative ways may contribute to LGB youth becoming homeless. The results were not surprising to researchers because the ways in which any people including LGB youth handle stressors will be a determining factor in one’s life. LGB youth deal with stressors similar to heterosexual youth, but also different. The similarity and differences come from the stigmas associated with identifying as LGB, which contribute to numerous problems for LGB youth. This study examined factors and filled gaps past research did not accomplish. Past research explored the reasons some LGB youth become homeless, while other LGB youth does not. Also explored were the coping mechanisms used by sexual minority youth in relations to one’s life outcomes. Overall, the study has some strong components, as well as some
(GLAAD) According to the Trevor Project, lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth are 4 times more likely, and questioning youth are 3 times more likely, to attempt suicide than their straight peers. It is estimated by the Suicide Prevention Resource Center that between 30 and 40% of LGBT youth have attempted suicide. The organizations mentioned, amongst many others, provide a secure place for members of the LGBT community to safely express themselves and find support and assistance. The LGBT community as a whole is a place where its members can come together to celebrate each other.
One mental illness many trans* people suffer from is gender dysphoria, which is unease and general dissatisfaction with one’s biological sex. Often gender dysphoria results in anxiety and depression and is typically the catalyst for trans* people to change their bodies or gender expression to match their gender identity. Gender dysphoria is very hard for many people to deal with, especially because it is often coupled with other mental health conditions. It is sometimes hard for dysphoric people to seek other mental health treatments when resolving their gender dysphoria is their top priority (Kaplan). There are other mental illnesses that require treatment though, and they manifest in many transgender and gender non-conforming people. For example, LGBT people are three times more likely to experience a mental health condition like generalized anxiety disorder or major depression than cisgender people. Trans* teens are also six times more likely to experience symptoms of depression than the general population. LGBT teens also struggle more than average with substance abuse. Twenty-five percent of LGBT people abuse alcohol, while only 5-10% of the general population does. There are clearly a lot of mental health problems that can manifest in transgender and gender nonconforming people, but the biggest issue is possibly the staggeringly high suicide rates. The main cause of death in LGBT youth ages 10-24 is suicide, and these children are four times more likely to attempt suicide, self-harm, or have suicidal ideation than any other community of people. Between 38 and 65% of trans* individuals experience suicidal ideation (LGBTQ). Suicide rates for transgender and gender non-conforming people are twenty-five times the national average. Forty-one percent of trans* people reported attempting suicide; the national average suicide rate is 1.6% (Bullying of and Violence toward
Joanna Almeida, Renee M. Johnson, Heather L. Corliss, Beth E. Molnar. Emotional Distress among LGBT Youth: The Influence of Percieved Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation. 13 March 2014 .
Acceptance towards individuals whom have been labeled as gay or lesbian tends to be denied and excused as immoral and religiously sinful. These beings face many hardships throughout their life in what concerns being recognized as “equal” to the rest of society and are often denied certain rights including matrimony, adopting children, living in certain communities, and being allowed other benefits such as acknowledgement by the government when it comes to civil unions between same sex couples. Often they are faced with attacks whether verbal, psychological, or physical that has led to many blood baths in which many of their lives are taken. Usually when they are physically injured with adhering wounds that lodge not only in their soul but their psyche as well, it tends to lead them to attempt to harm themselves sometimes even to the point of taking their own lives. This controversial issue is n...