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Introduction to effects of lack of sleep of university children
Research studies regarding sudden infant death syndrome
Fetal implications with drug use in pregnancy
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Imagine one night you are putting your baby to sleep like you always do, when you wake up in the morning to find that your infant has all of the sudden passed away in their sleep. This phenomenon has become a parent’s worst fear. Their baby has passed away from sudden infant death syndrome and there is nothing they can do or could have done about it. SIDS is a real thing and has occurred all throughout history. It is very important to understand variables that can increase your chance of losing a baby to SIDS, looking for signs in their cry that could hint towards SIDS and taking every step you can to avoid sudden infant death syndrome from striking your family.
Sudden infant death syndrome has been around since the beginning of time (Mitchell, 2009). If you look in 1 Kings 3:19 it says, ‘‘And this woman’s child died in the night.’’ This verse implies that the child dies due to an abrupt event or possibly a disease such as, sudden infant death syndrome (Mitchell, 2009). “When a seemingly healthy baby less than 1 year old is put down to sleep and is later found dead, he’s a victim of SIDS if no other cause of death can be found. Although SIDS is unpredictable and unusual, it’s the leading cause of death in babies between 1 month and 12 months old.” (Maindonald, 2005, p.53). The most common age for a baby to die of SIDS is between the ages of 2 months to 6 months and boys are more likely to die than girls (Maindonald, 2005). Although SIDS was not actually a diagnosed disease until 1965, after sudden infant death syndrome was identified, as a disease, the diagnosis largely increased and SIDS were more prevalent (Mitchell, 2009). Nearly 3,000 infants die from sudden death syndrome every year. (CRIBS) The cause of SIDS has not yet be...
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...al Material Use. Relational Child & Youth Care Practice, 24(3), 33-39.
Maindonald, E. (2005). Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Nursing, 35(7), 53.
Mitchell, E. (2009). SIDS: past, present and future. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992), 98(11), 1712-1719. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01503.x
Liebrechts-Akkerman, G., Lao, O., Liu, F., Sleuwen, B., Engelberts, A., L'Hoir, M., & ... Kayser, M. (2011). Postnatal parental smoking: an important risk factor for SIDS. European Journal Of Pediatrics, 170(10), 1281-1291. doi:10.1007/s00431-011-1433-6
Lester, B. (1996). Babies' cries give insight into much, including SIDS. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, 12(10), 1
Phillips, D. P., Brewer, K. M., & Wadensweiler, P. (2011). Alcohol as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Addiction, 106(3), 516-525. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03199.x
In 1969, researchers agreed to define SIDS as “the sudden death of an infant or young child, which is unexpected by history, and in which a thorough postmortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause of death” (Bergman, 1970).
Often frustrated parents or other persons responsible for a child’s care feel that shaking a baby is a harmless way to make a child stop crying. The number one reason why a baby is shaken is because of inconsolable crying. (National Exchange Club Foundation, 1998) An infant may spend two to three hours a day crying. (The Epilepsy Association of Central Florida) A caregiver momentarily gives in to the frustration of responding to a crying baby by shaking. Caregivers may be inadequately prepared for children.
Dr. William Sears suggests that, “In those infants at risk for SIDS, natural mothering [unrestricted breastfeeding and sharing sleep...
As a first world country American infants should have a seemingly better start at life than many other countries. In recent decades America has made a strident effort in the progress towards lower Infant mortality rates resulting in a decline from 12.1-6.2 ( ). However, there is a concerning disparity between white American babies and black American babies in terms of infant mortality. The current Infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic white women is 5.11 deaths per 1,000 births. For Non-Hispanic black women the rate is 11.42 deaths per 1,000 births.. A high rate of infant mortality is seen equally in African Americans across the strata of the racial group showing no prejudice to SES, education, and other intrinsic factors such as education or access to health care. African American infant mortality rates are a severe social disparity in modern America as compared to other minority and non-minority groups regardless of SES, educational status, and age. This alarmingly oppositional data is both puzzling and startling to public health professionals and doctors alike as they attempt to determine a direct cause for such a devastating disparity
... excluded potential risk factors for preterm birth including previous pregnancies and multiple births. Thus, these results should only be applied to the risk of alcohol consumption for primiparous mothers with singleton pregnancies. However, despite the lack of risks identified in this study, alcohol use during pregnancy has been linked to disabilities. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP, 2011), its adverse effects include fetal alcohol syndrome, learning disabilities, social ineptness, depression, and anxiety. The AACAP strongly recommends against pregnant women consuming any form of alcohol at any level. Despite the data presented by Dale et al. (2016), the question of the other risks of alcohol consumption on the fetus was not explored and thus alcohol use during pregnancy should not be condoned solely based on this study.
There are multiple definitions for SIDS, otherwise known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. According to the textbook Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions by Margaret Frazier and Jeanette Drzymkowski, this disease is defined as “the sudden and unpredicted death of an infant under the age of one year”. Another source, the Ohio Department of Health describes it as “the sudden death of an infant less than one year of age, which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a thorough autopsy, investigation of the death scene and a evaluation of the clinical history”. Although there are numerous explanations as to what this particular disease is, one thing remains a certain constant: the ultimate outcome of this disorder is death.
This can be diagnosed during the pregnancy or after the baby is born. “Anencephaly would result in an abnormal result on a blood or serum screening test or it might be seen during an ultrasound.” This birth defect is more common in girls than boys. There is also no cure or standard treatment since most die shortly after birth. As a way to offer support to these families, many hospitals offer perinatal hospice care. A perinatal hospice approach helps these families through the process: pregnancy, birth, and death. ("Facts about
Merrick J, Merrick E, Morad M, Kandel I. (2006). Fetal alcohol syndrome and its long-term effects. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Faculty of Health Sciences Jun;58(3):211-8.
... the leading killer of infants between one month and one year of age. The cause of SIDS is unknown but it accounts for about 40% of infant deaths in the U.S. (William 14-15). Approximately 2,500 kids die from SIDS each year in the United States. There are 4,131,019 births in the US yearly (Pearson Education Inc). Of those births about 700 will be born with SMA and have to face the limitations for the rest of their lives (Spinal Muscular Atrophy Facts, SMA Information). In the U.S. there are approximately 45,333 people who suffer from SMA (Statistics by Country for Spinal Muscular Atrophy) and 7.5 million Americans who are carriers (Spinal Muscular Atrophy Facts, SMA Information). So many people may have this disease and never even know, then one day the symptoms appear and their life will be changed forever. Facing the difficult tasks of walking and even standing.
According to Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, “In the United States, nearly thirteen percent of babies are born preterm, and many of these babies also have a low birth weight.” The baby may be put into the NICU for varies reasons. However, the most common reason that a child is put into the NICU is because he or she is premature. Premature means the baby was born before the 36 weeks. It is never good for a baby to be born early, as this could mean that the baby is not fully developed. There are other factors as to why a child may need to be put into the NICU after birth. For instance, birth defects can be the cause of why a baby is put into the NICU. A baby may be born with an infection such as herpes or chlamydia which can damage the newborns immune system at such a young age. Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia can also cause an infant to be put into the NICU. Some maternal factors of why a baby may be put into the NICU is if the mother is “younger than 16 or older than 40.” If the parent may be an alcoholic or expose the baby to drugs, this can put the child into NICU care. If the parent has an STD or sexual transmitted disease, the baby is most likely going to have to be put into the intensive care unit. “Twins, triplets, and other multiples are often admitted into the NICU, as they tend to be born earlier and s...
“I brought you into this world, and I can take you out!” A child has most likely heard that phrase at some point in their life. Although, it is not ethical or legal for a mother to “take her kid out of this world”, it does bring up a good point that it was through her body, that the child was born. One of the most important responsibilities in this world is a mother carrying a child in the womb. There are many divine processes that take place during gestation, but there are also many contributing factors from the mother that can affect the developing human. These factors may include what a woman ingests and exposes her embryo or fetus to. Sadly, alcohol use during pregnancy is an ongoing problem that can have detrimental affects on the fetus, including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Choosing to drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy is a choice, a risky choice. Unfortunately some women don’t even know they are making a risky choice by consuming alcohol because it is in the early stages of pregnancy. It is common for a female to not find out they are pregnant until at least the fifth or sixth week after fertilization. In 2006, 49% of all pregnancies in the United States were reported unintended on a national survey.1 The highest rate of preventable birth defects and mental retardation is due to alcohol use.2 In this paper, I will further discuss FAS, the potential effects of binge drinking during the embryonic stage of gestation, and what actions need to be taken in order to reduce the incidences of alcohol related birth defects.
Secondhand smoke is responsible for between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under 18 months of age, resulting in between 7,500 and 15,000 hospitalizations each year. It also causes 430 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) deaths in the U.S. annually.
Pediatric epilepsy is an overarching diagnosis that encompasses several types of seizures, and children with epilepsy may experience a specific singular type or multiple types of seizures. Children with congenital brain malformations, a family history of epilepsy, or neonatal seizures are at a higher risk for developing epilepsy. Approximately a quarter of children who exhibit recurring seizures, with the exception of neonatal seizures and infantile spasms, during their first year of ...
Most women have heard that smoking is very deadly to the human body and can cause cancer, heart disease, and other major health problems, yet it is still an ongoing problem. Around the world, about 250 million women use tobacco every day and this number is increasing rapidly, according to data presented at the 2009 14th World Conference on Tobacco or Health in Mumbai (March of Dimes , 2011). Not only do women smoke, some choose to continue to smoke while pregnant. Smoking during pregnancy is a worldwide problem, although it is more common in developed countries such as the US, where an estimated 18 percent of pregnant women smoke. In developing countries, it 's estimated that only 8 percent of expectant mothers smoke. These percentages may sound low, but together they equal up to one million babies born worldwide each year to mothers who smoked while pregnant (Smoking during Pregnancy , 2009) . One study found that about one in four women who smoked while pregnant deny it. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of birth complications and has long-term developmental consequences for child development, including deficits in general intelligence, academic skills, and cognitive functioning. As social inequalities in smoking have increased over time, maternal smoking during pregnancy has become concentrated among women with lower levels of education (e.g., more than 20% among women without a high school degree) (Gilman, Breslau, Subramanian, Hitsman, & Koenen, 2008). Despite the warnings about the dangers of smoking while pregnant, some women still choose to smoke which places themselves and their baby at risk for many health issues.
In class, we discussed Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, an increasing concern for parents and their newborns. Although, there isn’t a pinpoint reason for what causes Sudden Infant Death Syndrome there are several factors that have been shown to increase the risk for it. Research suggests that is it best for a newborn to sleep on their back and without anything else in the crib such comforters, bumper pads or stuffed animals. I was looking through a Pottery Barn Kids catalog and I noticed that in almost every image of a baby’s room it featured a crib, complete with bumpers and a comforter over the side. I think an advertisement like this is rather misleading. It is misleading considering that evidence has shown bedding like this increases the chance