In 2002, Newark held an election that divided its constituents among racial, socioeconomic, and geographical lines. The film analyzes the differences between descriptive and substantive representation and how they impact voters’ decisions. Descriptive representation of race and ethnicity deeply impact how constituents respond to the substantive representation of politicians’ policy preferences. The film indicates that descriptive representation causes voters to over-estimate policy congruence, or downplay its significance, when assessing politicians who look like them or share experiences with them. In Street Fight, voting on descriptive representation was detrimental to Newark because Sharpe was an ineffective leader who was consumed by graft. …show more content…
His usage of ethnic identity to promote his image was the essence of his power over Newark. James was the “The Real Deal” that had “experienced leadership” and his community looked to him as a figure of dependence and reliability. James’s political machine was based on a racial connection that was largely supported in the majority-minority inner city where the poor populations felt misrepresented. James capitalized on being a Newark native, and exploited his “blackness” and childhood-poverty as a demonstration of his credibility, even though over the years he had acquired obvious signs of wealth (Schwebber). His power and the local government embodied corruption. Businesses were shut down for putting up Booker signs, a woman faced losing her government-assisted housing, and a local church was even threatened with fiscal consequences for opposing …show more content…
Booker believed that “Newark is the frontier of the American Dream,” and his goals were focused on community outreach and unity, better housing and schools, and safer neighborhoods. However, electing Booker meant a deviation from the familiarity of Sharpe's established presence, despite the fact that his campaign centered on progress and innovation, of instilling power deriving from the people outwards and upwards to their officials. Booker campaigned door-to-door, creating real relationships with his neighbors because Booker believed he could "win the campaign on the streets." However, James attacked Booker’s racial authenticity making the mayoral election a referendum on whether Booker was authentically black enough to lead a majority-minority city (Gillespie
the following image is arguing that police brutality is a much more of a common occurrence to the people of color, It claims that "racism still exists" in bold white text on a colored person being oppressed by a police official in the poster. the poster is in black and blue with white text, the colors of black and blue the the two opposite sides of the colored community and the brutal police officials. The title of this poster is "Don't want to get stopped by NYPD? STOP BEING BLACK", the title is offensive and very Illogical targeting the pathos in this poster, it then continues to use much more statistics to the right of the picture, proving the amount of racism in the police force. while that is pathos, its is very logos too, because of the
Cory Booker, senator of the United States, uses personal judgements along with pathos,ethos,logos, and various rhetorical devices to convince the audience that Hillary Clinton and Jim Kaine are the most suitable candidates from the Democratic party for presidency. During the month of July 2016, a speech by Booker was given at the Democratic National Convention in New Jersey. The speech was to inform and connect to the people of America, known as the audience, that the two candidates, Hillary and Tim, are capable in holding the position of presidency and continuing the traditions of the past.
Timothy Gilfoyle main argument from the excerpt of the book “A pickpocket’s tale” was about the political corruption, and the political influence that many gangsters of the late 19th century, and early 20th century had, as well as the overall role that gangs played in society. During the late 1800’s, and early 1900’s many gangsters had political connection, and because of this were able to get away with breaking the law without having to face any consequences (Gilfoyle, T., Chapter 9 pg.12, 13 &14). One example was Gould, who despite running an illegal bar (dive), threating a women to blow her brains out, assaulting a bartender and leaving him all bloody, never faced any charges against him, because of his political connections in New York in the late 1800’s (Gilfoyle, T., Chapter 9 pg.12). Gangster’s, and politicians had a strong connection in the late 19th
I am responding to Micheal Schudson’s essay titled “America’s Ignorant Voter”. He makes several arguments against whether America having relatively ignorant voters poses a problem to our society, and whether it’s becoming worse over the years. One of the arguments he poses as to why Americans seem so clueless about political matters is due to the complexities of our nation’s political institutions.
A Ghetto Takes Shape: Black Cleveland, 1870-1930 explains in detail how the author deciphers the ghettoization process in Cleveland during the time period. Kusmer also tries to include studies that mainly pertained to specific black communities such as Harlem, Chicago, and Detroit, which strongly emphasized the institutional ghetto and dwelled on white hostility as the main reasons as to why the black ghetto was
More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City (Issues of Our Time)
As a boy, James questions his unique family and color through his confusion of race issues. Later in his life, as an adolescent, his racial perplexity results in James hiding from his emotions, relying only on the anger he felt against the world. It is only when James uncovers the past of his mother does he begin to understand the complexity of himself and form his own identity. As James matures, issues of race in his life become too apparent to ignore. His multiracial family provides no clear explanations on prejudices and racism, and when "[James] asked [Ruth] if she was white, she'd say, No. I'm light skinned and change the subject.
Following the years of Congressional Reconstruction during the Johnson administration, former Union General Ulysses S. Grant was elected president, despite his lack of political experience. Although Grant was an excellent soldier, he proved to be an insufficient politician, failing to respond effectively to rampant corruption throughout his two terms in office. Both government and businesses were plagued by corrupt schemes, as Republican leaders used the spoils system to gain political favors and “robber barons,” such as Jay Gould and James Fisk, stole large sums of money at the public’s expense. New York Mayor William “Boss” Tweed, leader of the “Tammany Hall” political machine, took advantage of the influx of immigrants to the United States by manipulating newly arrived immigrants, promising employment, housing, and other favors in return for their electoral support. This blatant corruption severely damaged the opinions of many Americans regarding their government, and prompted the election of numerous reform-minded politicians. Rutherford B. Hayes and James Garfield both attempted to restore honest government following the tainted Grant administration, yet political divisions between the “Halfbreed” and “Stalwart” factions of the Republican Party prev...
Throughout American History, people of power have isolated specific racial and gender groups and established policies to limit their right to vote. These politicians, in desperate attempt to elongate their political reign, resort to “anything that is within the rules to gain electoral advantage, including expanding or contracting the rate of political participation.”(Hicks) Originally in the United States, voting was reserved for white, property-owning gentleman
Five years later, Barry would be successful in obtaining a fourth term. Barry's defeat of his Republican opponent, Carol Schwartz, a Jewish woman was a remarkable statement of Barry's uncanny connection with the majority of the District electorate, in the face of scandal and undisputable evidence of drug use. In fact, many regard Barry's return to the District Mayor's office as a strong slap in the face to the establishment of Congressional intervention, Federal Control Boards and the such. Barry's re-election was a result of political savvy voter registration program as well as his uncanny connection with the majority of those that lived in predominantly black and Democratic city. He connected, or at least in a public relations sense, connected with the people, he capitalized on the failures of his predecessor Sharon Pratt Kelly, talked about issues people wanted to hear about, and possessed a character trait about him that made it nearly impossible for some not to be drawn too.
The South Bronx, New York City: another northern portrait of racial divide that naturally occurred in the span of less than a century, or a gradual, but systematic reformation based on the mistaken ideology of white supremacy? A quick glance through contemporary articles on The Bronx borough convey a continuation of less-than-ideal conditions, though recently politicians and city planners have begun to take a renewed interest in revitalizing the Bronx. (HU, NYT) Some common conceptions of the Bronx remain less than satisfactory—indeed, some will still express fear or disgust, while some others have expressed the fundamentally incorrect racial ideas studied here—but others recall the Bronx with fondness, calling it a once “boring” and “secure” neighborhood.(BRONX HIST JOURNAL, p. 1) What are we to do with such radically different accounts between The Bronx of yesterday, and the impoverished borough of today? If we speak in known, contemporary cultural stereotypes, then segregation is strictly a Southern design, but natural otherwise—but to record this as a natural occurrence, no different than a seasonal change or day turning to night, would be to ignore the underlying problem. The changing role of white Americans from majority to population minority in the Bronx, coupled with the borough’s title of “poorest urban county in America” (as of 2012), is the result of careful orchestration and a repeating story of economic and political gain superseding civil rights. (GONZALES, BRONX) (BRONX HIST JOURN, HARD KNOCKS IN BRONX @ poorest note ) It is not coincidence.
Newark began to deteriorate and the white residents blamed the rising African-American population for Newark's downfall. However, one of the real culprits of this decline in Newark was do to poor housing, lack of employment, and discrimination. Twenty-five percent of the cities housing was substandard according to the Model C...
Wilson, W.J. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
South University Online. (2013). POL2076: American Government: Week 4: People and Politics—Interest Groups. Retrieved from http://myeclassonline.com
Wilson, W.J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner-City, the Underclass, and Public Policy Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press