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The effect of suicide on teenagers
Causes and Effects of Teenage Suicide
Suicide amongst youth
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Research indicates that young people are often quite verbal with their intentions, making statements such as, “I’d be better off dead” or “I won't be a problem for you much longer” (Marcuvitz 23). One warning sign that a young person may be contemplating suicide is mood swings (Marcuvitz 22).
Abuse of alcohol or drugs can contribute to suicidal behavior. In 2002 a study by the University of Michigan, showed 73% of high school seniors had used alcohol at least once, while more than 37% used marijuana or another illegal drug (Marcovitz 14). The concern of substance abuse is the second most common risk factor for suicide after major depression and bipolar disorders. Most people are under the influence of sedative - hypnotic drugs (such as alcohol
or benzodiazepines) when they die by suicide with alcoholism present in between 15%-61% of cases. About 2.2%-3.4% of those who have been treated for alcoholism at some point in their life die by suicide. With the misuse of substances comes from the drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine which both have a high correlation with suicide. Those who have used inhalants are around 20% attempting suicides at some point and more than 65% considering it. Smoking cigarettes is also associated with the risk of suicide (Wikipedia- Suicide). Homicide claims the lives of more young people than suicide. In 2007 the (CDC) nearly 4,140 people were killed by suicide (Huddle and Schleifer 4). For many people the news of a friend or family member that has taken his or her’s own life does not come as a surprise. They usually show warning signs (Marcovitz 15). Many people with bipolar disorders complain of Physical illnesses , such as headaches and stomach aches. It led to deaths, suicides, and other harmful behaviors (Marcovitz 37).
There is an escalating problem that is becoming more prominent among adolescent society involving the use of anti-depressant medication and its increased risk of suicidal tendencies. Studies show that more Americans are turning to antidepressants and are not informed of the irreversible dangers that are associated with taking them. Antidepressants possess a variety of different side effects just like other medications, however, there is a growing concern regarding the increasing rate of suicides among adolescent teens. Especially in today’s society, there is an alarming increase in influences that the media places upon the younger generations living in America. Antidepressant use in this age group should include high monitoring of suicidal thoughts and tendencies, and should include an increased effort to raising awareness of this issue.
Approximately 24% of 12-17 year olds have considered suicide and up to 10% have attempted suicide.” (Suicide Intervention Training PG 3). Teens today are very likely to commit suicide for various reasons. In today’s society there are a lot of judging and bullying cases around the world. No matter how much we promote a bully free zone there will always be a couple of cliques, or individuals, who want to bring others down and who do not know the seriousness of bullying. Although bullying is a big cause of suicide, the leading cause is a mental illness that many people are familiar with called depression. “Psychiatric disorders can affect diverse aspects of an individual’s life.”( Dispelling Myth Surrounding Teen Suicide, PG 1). If you or someone you know seems down most of the time, the best thing to do is to go see someone about your despair. If you are diagnosed with depression, prescribed depression medicine can help and can be one way to prevent suicidal thoughts or actions. “There is a lot of evidence that suicide is preventable.”(Cont. Principles of Suicide Prevention, PG
According to Fowler, Crosby, Parks, and Ivey (2013), suicide and nonfatal suicidal ideations are significant public health concerns for adolescents and young adults. While the onset of suicidal behaviors is observed as young as six years of age, rates of death and nonfatal injury resulting from suicidal behavior are moderately low until 15 years of age (Fowler et al., 2013). According to Fowler et al (2013), the most current available statistics in the United States (U. S.) reported suicide as the third leading cause of death among youth aged 10-14 and 15-19 years, and it was the second leading cause of death among persons aged 20-24 years.
There are many risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts. Risk factors include self-destructive behavior which may be related to life events, unfavourable home environments, or a genetic component. Personality traits like aggression and hostility or feeling introverted or hopeless play a role in suicides. Loss of control, poor problem solving techniques, or rigid cognitive life styles are also characteristics of suicides. Similar traits are found in depressive behaviors. Teenagers may have been exposed to others who have had suicidal behaviors.
Nancy D. Brener and Lisa Cohen Barrios from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Sohela Sabur Hassan from the University of Texas at Houston conducted this experiment to see what percentage of college undergraduate students had contemplated suicide within the past 12 months. A survey was sent to a nationally representative sample of undergraduate students to assess the correlation between substance abuse and suicidal ideation. This was the first study to examine such behavior of a nationally representative sample.
Substance abuse and addiction have become a social problem that afflicts millions of individuals and disrupts the lives of their families and friends. Just one example reveals the extent of the problem: in the United States each year, more women and men die of smoking related lung cancer than of colon, breast and prostate cancers combined (Kola & Kruszynski, 2010). In addition to the personal impact of so much illness and early death, there are dire social costs: huge expenses for medical and social services; millions of hours lost in the workplace; elevated rates of crime associated with illicit drugs; and scores of children who are damaged by their parents’ substance abuse behavior (Lee, 2010). This paper will look at the different theories used in understanding drug abuse and addiction as well as how it can be prevented and treated.
There are multiple reasons why a person becomes depressed and suicidal. Examples include job loss, death of loved one, and/or drug abuse. According to the American Association of Suicidology approximately 18.8 million or 9.5% American adults suffer with some form of “depressive illness” (AAS, 23 June 2009). Out of the 18.8 million adults suffering with depression 20% of those adults who are left untreated will try to commit suicide (AAS, June 23, 2009). Men are more likely to commit suicide; where as women are more likely to become depressed. “About 7 out of every hundred men and 1 out of every hundred women who have been diagnosed with depression in their lifetime will go on to complete suicide” (AAS, June 23, 2009).
Substance abuse complicates almost every aspect of care for the person with a mental disorder. When drugs enter the brain, they can interrupt the work and actually change how the brain performs its jobs; these changes are what lead to compulsive drug use. Drug abuse plays a major role when concerning mental health. It is very difficult for these individuals to engage in treatment. Diagnosis for a treatment is difficult because it takes time to disengage the interacting effects of substance abuse and the mental illness. It may also be difficult for substance abusers to be accommodated at home and it may not be tolerated in the community of residents of rehabilitation programs. The author states, that they end up losing their support systems and suffer frequent relapses and hospitalizations (Agnes B. Hatfield, 1993).
Depression affects everyone's life at sometime or another. Depression comes in a wide variety of forms, from mild unhappiness to a chemical imbalance in the mind. There are many different symptoms that reveal a person's problem with depression. If left untreated, depression may continue to develop into a serious illness or even death.
Before elaborating on what causes suicide it should be understood what we mean by cause. The Oxford English Dictionary defines cause as “a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon or condition.” This essay will in part examine the methods employed by suicidal patients though this is secondary to whatever caused them to make this decision. The essay will consider the epidemiology of suicide (also regarding suicide clustering) followed by the potential genetic risk factors. This will be followed by the psychological factors such as depressive disorders, and finally the environmental risk factors such as low socioeconomic status and substance abuse.
The key to understanding suicide and self-destructive behavior comes from the awareness of how some destructive thought processes control the need to end one’s life. Being cognizant of how these thoughts are veiled and can lead to a self-destructive downward spiral, enables clinicians to better assess risk and design interventions for depressed and suicidal clients. According to Nock and Banajii (2007) worldwide, suicides among adolescents have increased dramatically averaging one million each year. Many teenagers experience strong feelings of stress, confusion and self-doubt in the process of growing up. Pressures to succeed, the economy, and the environment can intensify these feelings. At present, self-report has been unsuccessful in the prevention of teen suicide; the tools available to help health care professionals detect potential suicide ideation are not sufficiently reliable (Nock & Banajii, 2007). In fact, Nock and Benajii stated that often during therapy, suicidal ideation may not be present and surfaces once the patient goes home or oftentimes, the patient will deliberately hide the urge to end his life. Because the existing tools rely solely on subjective statements, it is very challenging to decipher congruency between what is verbalized and what remains unsaid (Nock & Banajii, 2007).
In 1996, suicide was the second-leading cause of death among college students, the third-leading cause of death among those aged 15 to 24 years, and the fourth- leading cause of death among those aged 10 to 14 years.
Some of these are broken romances, family tension, problems at school, and other pressures. All though most of the time it is more than just one of these causes. There are many signs to look out for in a teen that will/may commit suicide. Child and adolescent psychiatrists recommend that if one or more of these signs occurs, parents need to talk to their child about their concerns and seek professional help when the concerns persist.
Though many suicidal people do not show signs, there are some that do. If you think someone you know may be suicidal, watch for these signs: increasing drug or alcohol use, exhibiting rage or anger, talking about wanting to die or kill oneself, isolating or withdrawing oneself, behaving recklessly, and mood swings (“Understanding Suicide And Self Harm”). If you think someone is contemplating suicide you should trust your instincts. Talk to the person about your concerns and make sure to really listen to them. Ask them questions, but do not judge them. You should seek professional help and make sure they are never alone (“Suicide”).
Alcohol and drug abuse is one of biggest problems in United States today. It is not only a personal problem that dramatically affects individuals' lives, but is a major social problem that affects society as whole. "Drug and alcohol abuse", these phrases we hear daily on the radio, television or in discussions of social problem. But what do they mean or what do we think and understand by it? Most of us don't really view drug or alcohol use as a problem, if that includes your grandmother taking two aspirins when she has a headache or your friends having few beers or drinks on Saturday night. What we really mean is that some drugs or alcohol are being used by some people or in some situations constitute problem with which our society must deal. It becomes a real problem when using or I should say abusing drugs cause accidents, antisocial behavior, broken relationships, family instability, crime and violence, poverty, unsafe streets and highways, worker absenteeism and nonproductivity, and the most tragic one death. The situation in which the drug or alcohol uses accurse often makes all the difference. The clearest example is the drinking of alcohol, when individual begins to drink during the job, at school, or in the morning, we have evidence that indicates a potential drinking problem. If a person takes narcotic drug because he just wrecked his knee while his physician prescribed playing football and the drug, most of us would be not concerned. If, on the other hand, he took the same drug on his own just because he likes the way it makes him feel, then we should begin to worry about him developing dependence. Even use of illegal drugs are sometimes acceptable, but it also depends on situation, for example in some countries smoking marijuana is legal just like drinking alcohol in United States. Some subcultures even in United States that accept the use of illegal drugs may distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable situation, some college age groups might accept marijuana smoking at a party on weekends, but not just before going to a calculus class. Most of people would accept a fact that a bartender or a waiter who is working at a night club is having a beer or a drink on his break or that a landscape worker is having a cold beer with his lunch on a hot summer day. I'm not saying that it is "OK" but we wouldn't complain a...