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Company strategy formulation
Corporate Strategy Formulation and Implementation
Company strategy formulation
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1. INTRODUCTION This is the second of three reports I will complete as part of the strategic analysis of Pfizer. This report focuses on strategy analysis and includes the following sections. First, the major concepts related to generic, corporate and international strategies analysis will be defined. Second, those concepts will be applied to the case of Pfizer in order to analyze its strategies. The analysis of Pfizer will be followed by its evaluation to identify the major problem the company is facing and propose a solution that Pfizer can adopt. A short conclusion will close the report. 2. CONCEPTS This section will define the concepts involved in using generic, corporate, and international strategies. These basic concepts defined will …show more content…
In this section I will define the following corporate strategies. Horizontal integration occurs when a business expands its control over other similar or closely related businesses. Vertical integration occurs when a business expands its control over other business that are part of its overall manufacturing process. Related diversification is a process that takes place when a business expands its activities into product lines that are similar to those it currently offers. Unrelated diversification is a process that takes place when a business expands its activities into product lines that are not similar to those it currently …show more content…
Pfizer has little pressure to respond to local wishes. This is also due to the fact that Pfizer cannot apply adaptations to a product which has costs years to develop and has costs millions to market. This is also supported by the fact that Pfizer licenses their products on very strict terms which do not allow any changes to the drugs. Since Pfizer needs to maximize returns during the patent protected time of its products it should use an International strategy. 4. EVALUATION 4.1. Problem: The problem Pfizer is some unsuccessful partnership experience with companies in foreign markets. One factor that resulted in unsuccessful partnership experience were internal high pressure to achieve a foot hold in the market place by using joint ventures. 4.2. Solution: One solution to lowering unsuccessful partnership is for Pfizer to adapt to the changing environment by morphing into a dynamic company that is well-positioned for the future of pharmaceuticals industry. That uses a hybrid approach to conquering foreign markets utilizing a multitude of strategies. Pfizer should continue to expand overseas to take advantage of changes in the global economy. Further, expansion overseas will lessen the Company’s reliance on the U.S. economy which is becoming less of a profitable environment due to the entrance of the government via Medicare Part D and through our national health
The current health care landscape has been characterized by large scale consolidation and vertical integration of payers and providers. This has led to a handful of dominate players with substantial influence, and an increasing overlap in responsibilities between payers and providers. Although payers and providers have traditionally been on opposing sides, battling each other about quality of care versus cost-effective care, they are shifting to working together to achieve better value.
Background: Merck & Co. is an American pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. In 1971 the United States approved the use of an MMR vaccine made by Merck, containing the Jeryl Lynn strain of mumps vaccine. In 1978 Merck introduced the MMR II, using a different strain of the rubella vaccine. In 1997 the FDA required Merck to conduct effectiveness testing of MMRII. Initially it was over 95%; to continue the license; Merck had to convince the FDA that the effectiveness stayed at a similar rate over the years.
The Meaning of Vertical and Horizontal Integration Horizontal integration is where an organisation owns two or more companies, on the same level of the buying chain. An example of this is the First Choice Group; they own First Choice Travel Agency and First Choice Hypermarket, both of which are on the same level of the buying chain. The advantage of horizontal integration is that it can increase the company’s market share. Another good example of this type of integration is when EasyJet purchased the airline Go from British Airways. Now EasyJet and Go both operate under the company name of EasyJet.
Porter’s generic strategy typology and the Miles and Snow strategy typology are both examples of generic strategic models that a decision maker may find useful (Parnell, 2014). Both generic strategy frameworks explain generic business strategies by utilizing four different strategy types. A few of the strategies may share some common traits, however the frameworks are different in the approach they take to view and describe strategies (Parnell, 2014).
Threat of new entrants is relatively high. Companies forming alliances are potential rivals. Even if earlier such company was not considered to be a threat, after merging with some research and development company or forming alliance with another pharmaceutical company it would become a rival to Eli Lilly. The threat is however weakened by significant research and development costs necessary to successfully enter the business. Eli Lilly’s focus on a relatively narrow market of sedatives and antidepressants weakens the threat of new entrants, but other products that form lesser part of company’s sales such as insulin and others are exposed to high threat of new entrants. The need of obtaining certificates and licenses also weakens the threat of new entrants. Discussed above leads to the conclusion that threat of new entrants is medium.
This fact validates the incentive pharmaceutical companies have to get a patent and acquire more power. Pfizer encourages R&D because of the incentives and a desire to obtain patents to receive more profit. Pfizer has to promote itself to be successful, creating a brand image that consumers will trust. If the company can advertise successfully, more consumers will purchase their products. Pfizer must also be generating products efficiently in order to save and use existing resources, while manufacturing their products at low costs to stay competitive....
... global marketplace, it is also essential that Johnson & Johnson focuses on the critical drivers of their future growth: to create value through innovation, to extend their global reach, with local focus, to execute with excellence in everything it does and to inspire leadership with purpose among the people who carry on the Johnson & Johnson legacy.
...ative aspects of diversification, for example through better corporate planning, human recourse management and reaching further synergies between its various business lines.
PROBLEM STATEMENT Teva Pharmaceuticals, the first multinational pharmaceutical company in Israel, has become a successful global giant in the industry of generic drugs. After experiencing a long period of success and growth in the generic drug industry against some big western pharmaceuticals, the company had acquired many well known pharmaceutical companies and had achieved its goal of $1 billion. theory seemed to be in trouble in building a new strategy and vision to compete with the rapidly growing generic industry. They confronted two big issues as key hurdles in their way.
Both Porter and Miles and Snow’s strategy typologies are based on the concept of strategic equifinality, or the ability for firms to be successful via differing managerial strategies (Hambrick, 2003, p. 116). Porter 's strategy is more generic while Miles and Snow’s is more specific in nature. Porter’s generic strategy typology is based on economic factors centering on the source of a firm’s competitive advantage and the scope of a firm’s target market (González-Benito & Suárez-González, 2010). Porter’s typology emphasizes a firm’s cost, product differentiation or non-differentiation and market focus. When utilizing Porter’s strategy typology, a firm must first decide to target its products toward the mass market versus a market niche or focus. Secondly, a firm will determine if it wishes to minimize costs or differentiate its products with differentiation meaning that firms will most likely forego lower costs (Parnell, 2014, p. 184). This can lead a firm to develop a myriad of strategies between these options. Strategies which may have or not have focus, may or not be differentiated, may or not be low cost or any combination of strategies. In contrast to Porter, Miles and Snow’s typology is more specific in nature.
Business strategy is the means by which firm’s plans to achieve its goals and objectives. It can also be termed as organization long-term planning. The strategy covers periods between 3-5 years and sometimes longer. Businesses use two major types of strategy, general or generic and competitive strategies. The overall strategy involves strategies of growth, globalization and retrenchment. The competitive advantage includes low pricing, product and customer differentiation. We will look at the business strategy used by Marks and Spenser (Cole, 1997). The company is a British multinational located at Westminster London and specializes in clothes and luxurious food products.
10. Collis, David, and Troy Smith. "Strategy in the Twenty-First Century Pharmaceutical Industry:Merck&Co. and Pfizer Inc." Harvard Business School, 2007: 8-12.
Zott, C., Amit, R. And Massa, L. (2011) ‘The Business Model: Recent Developments and Future Research’, Journal of Management, vol.37, no.4 pp.1019-42 [Online]. Available at http://jom.sagepub.com/content/37/4/1019 [Accessed 24th November 2013]
The case under analysis, Eli Lilly & Company, will be covering the positives and negatives with regards to the business situation and strategy of Eli Lilly. One of the major pharmaceutical and health care companies in its industry, Lilly focused its efforts on the areas of "drug research, development, and marketed to the following areas: neuroscience, endocrinology, oncology, cardiovascular disease, and women's health." Having made a strong comeback in the 1990's due to its remarkably successful antidepressant Prozac, was now facing a potential loss in profits with its patent soon to expire. The problem was not only the soon to expire patent on Prozac, but the fact that Prozac accounted for as much as 30% of total revenue was the reality Eli Lilly now faced. (Pearce & Robinson, 34-1)
There are four main business strategies that can be used they are Cost leadership strategy, Differentiation strategy, Focus strategy (low cost) and Focus strategy (differentiation). We can use Porter’s generic business strategies to understand the difference in these strategies.